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I Gede Bawa Susana
Universitas Mataram
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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KAJIAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN DAN PENINGKATAN EKONOMI DARI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI MELALUI CO-FIRING BIOMASSA I Gede Bawa Susana; I Gusti Agung Ketut Chatur Adhi Wirya Aryadi
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/n0qbf184

Abstract

Pemanfaatan limbah sekam padi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung ketahanan energi nasional sekaligus memberikan nilai tambah ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Indonesia dengan produksi padi mencapai 53,14 juta ton pada tahun 2024 memiliki potensi limbah sekam padi sebesar 10,63 juta ton. Dengan nilai kalor rata-rata 14 MJ/kg, potensi energi teoritis sekam padi mencapai 148,8×10⁹ MJ atau setara dengan 41,33 GWh per tahun. Pemanfaatan sekam padi sebagai bahan bakar campuran (co-firing) pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan bauran energi terbarukan dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca. Berdasarkan data PLN, program co-firing biomassa telah diterapkan di 46 PLTU hingga 2023 dengan penggunaan biomassa 1 juta ton dan penurunan emisi sekitar 1,05 juta ton CO₂e. Uji coba co-firing sekam padi di beberapa PLTU seperti Jeranjang, Paiton, dan Suralaya menunjukkan operasi yang stabil dengan efisiensi tinggi dan penurunan emisi SO₂ hingga 29,22%. Meskipun memiliki nilai kalor lebih rendah dibanding batubara dan kadar abu tinggi (hingga 20,67%), sekam padi tetap potensial digunakan hingga rasio 20–30% massa energi. Kandungan silika (SiO₂) yang mencapai 95,52% menimbulkan tantangan seperti slagging dan fouling, namun residu abu dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan campuran semen atau silica powder. Pemanfaatan sekam padi melalui metode direct co-firing dinilai paling sesuai untuk PLTU di Indonesia karena murah dan mudah diterapkan tanpa modifikasi besar. Secara keseluruhan, co-firing sekam padi mampu mendukung transisi energi bersih, mengurangi ketergantungan pada batubara, meningkatkan ekonomi sirkular pedesaan, serta berkontribusi terhadap target Net Zero Emission 2060 di Indonesia.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SHIP DALAM ANALISIS ERGONOMI MAKRO PADA KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PENGERING PASCAPANEN BAGI PETANI KECIL  I Gede Bawa Susana; Rudy Sutanto
Energy, Materials and Product Design Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Energy, Materials and Product Design
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin dan Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/empd.v5n1.338-345

Abstract

Postharvest drying equipment plays an important role in maintaining the quality of agricultural products produced by smallholder farmers. However, many currently used drying devices have not fully considered ergonomic aspects, particularly at the work system level. This study aims to analyse the design of postharvest drying equipment for smallholder farmers using a macro ergonomic approach grounded in the SHIP principles (systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory). This approach is employed to examine the interrelationships among humans, tools, work processes, the environment, and the organizational and social aspects surrounding the system. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, employing a literature review and conceptual analysis of postharvest drying equipment design practices at the smallholder farming scale. The analysis results indicate that the SHIP approach enables the comprehensive identification of ergonomic issues, ranging from mismatches between equipment design and farmers’ working postures and habits to limitations in production systems, as well as the lack of user involvement in the design process. The integration of systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, and participatory principles provides a macro-ergonomic framework that is relevant and applicable to supporting the design of postharvest drying equipment that is more contextual, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of smallholder farmers. In macro ergonomics, the SHIP approach serves as a methodological framework for comprehensively analysing and designing work systems by positioning humans at the centre of the system. This study is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for the development of agricultural equipment design based on macro-ergonomic principles.
Analisis Efektivitas Arang Sekam Padi sebagai Adsorben dalam Pemurnian Biogas dari Kotoran Sapi Sutanto, Rudy; Susana, I Gede Bawa
SURYA TEKNIKA Vol 13 No 1 (2026): JURNAL SURYA TEKNIKA
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik UMRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37859/jst.v13i1.11312

Abstract

Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic fermentation process of organic waste, especially cow dung, but its utilization is still limited due to the high content of impurity gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). This study aims to evaluate the performance of rice husk charcoal as an adsorbent material in the process of improving biogas quality and to analyze the effect of variations in adsorbent mass and contact time on increasing methane (CH₄) content. The research method is carried out through three main stages, namely biogas production using an anaerobic digester, adsorbent synthesis through carbonization and chemical activation processes, and purification testing using an adsorption column system. The variations in adsorbent mass used are 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g, with contact times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively. The results show that the increase in adsorbent mass and contact time is directly proportional to the efficiency of CO₂ absorption. The CH₄ content increased from 58.2% to 78.6%, while CO₂ decreased from 34.5% to 18.2% under optimum conditions. The CO₂ absorption efficiency reached a maximum value of 47.25%. This performance occurred at an adsorbent mass of 300 g and a contact time of 15 minutes, indicating that rice husk charcoal has porous characteristics that can effectively enhance the adsorption process.
Pemodelan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Pada Sistem Pengeringan Berbasis Energi Sekam Padi Dengan Pendekatan Analogi Perpindahan Panas Dan Massa I Gede Bawa Susana; Rudy Sutanto
AutoMech : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 No. 01 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/jtm.v6i01.13718

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan koefisien perpindahan panas pada sistem pengeringan berbasis energi sekam padi menggunakan pendekatan analogi perpindahan panas dan massa (Chilton–Colburn). Analisis dilakukan pada kondisi temperatur udara masuk pengering sebesar 92,10°C dan temperatur lingkungan rata-rata 31°C, dengan pendekatan sifat termofisik udara pada temperatur rata-rata 60°C. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi densitas, kapasitas panas spesifik, viskositas kinematik, difusivitas massa, serta bilangan tak berdimensi seperti Reynolds, Prandtl, dan Schmidt. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bilangan Reynolds sebesar 444 mengindikasikan bahwa aliran berada pada kondisi transisi menuju turbulen ringan yang mendukung konveksi paksa. Berdasarkan analogi perpindahan panas dan massa, diperoleh bilangan Sherwood sebesar 40,6, koefisien perpindahan massa sebesar 0,248 m/s, serta koefisien perpindahan panas sebesar 249 W/m²·K dengan laju perpindahan panas mencapai 15,2 kW. Pendekatan analogi Chilton–Colburn menunjukkan bahwa koefisien perpindahan panas berbanding lurus dengan bilangan Reynolds pangkat 0,6 serta dipengaruhi oleh sifat fluida dan karakteristik partikel. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa perpindahan panas dan massa terjadi secara simultan dan saling berkaitan erat dalam proses pengeringan. Model yang dikembangkan mampu merepresentasikan kondisi nyata sistem dan berada dalam rentang nilai literatur, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai metode sederhana dan efektif dalam memprediksi performa sistem pengering berbasis biomassa.
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu pada Rotary Dryer terhadap Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Kopi Rudy Sutanto; I Gede Bawa Susana
INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Literasi Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55123/insologi.v5i2.7934

Abstract

The use of a rotary dryer in the coffee bean drying process offers advantages in heating homogeneity and increased contact between the material and the drying medium. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the rotary dryer operating temperature on the drying characteristics of coffee beans in terms of changes in mass, moisture content, and drying rate. Experimental testing was conducted using four temperature levels, namely 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. The drying process lasted for 360 minutes with data collection intervals every 30 minutes to monitor the dynamics of moisture content reduction as a function of time. The results showed that increasing the rotary dryer operating temperature significantly accelerated the process of reducing the mass and moisture content of coffee beans. At a temperature of 70 °C, the rate of moisture reduction occurred the fastest compared to other temperature variations, while at a temperature of 40 °C the process was slower and tended to be stable. The drying rate showed a maximum value in the initial stage of drying, then decreased gradually as the moisture content in the material decreased. This phenomenon indicates a transition in the mass transfer mechanism from the dominance of free water evaporation to a slower internal moisture diffusion. Overall, temperature variations in rotary dryers significantly impact the drying dynamics of coffee beans. Determining the correct operating temperature is crucial for achieving optimal process efficiency while minimizing potential changes in material quality during drying.
Co-Authors A. Mulyanto Achmad Zainuri Adhi W.A., I G.A.K. Chatur Adhi, I G.A.K.C. Adhi, I.G.A.K.C. Agus Dwi Catur Alit Triadi, Anak Agung Aryadi, I G.A.K. Chatur Adhi Wirya CATUR ADHI , I GUSTI AGUNG KETUT Chatur Adi W.A., I G.A.K. Chatur Adi.W.A, I.G.A.K Emmy dyah S Gilang Ade Putra I G.A.K Chatur Adhi W.A. I G.A.K. Chatur Adhi Wirya Aryadi I G.A.K. Chatur Adi W.A. I G.A.K. Chatur Adi W.A. I G.A.K.C. Adhi I G.A.K.C. Adhi I Gede Santosa I Gusti Agung Ketut Chatur Adhi Wirya Aryadi I Ketut Perdana Putra I Ketut Perdana Putra I Ketut Wiryajati I Made Adi Sayoga I Made Mara I Made Suartika I Made Suartika I Wayan Joniarta I. B. Alit I. B. Alit I. M. Mara I.B Alit I.B. Alit, I.B. I.D.K. Okariawan I.M Mara I.M. Mara I.M. Nuarsa Ida Ayu Sri Adnyani Ida Bagus Alit Ida Bagus Alit Jefry, Hafiz Kawirian, Wisnu M. Mirmanto, M. Made Wijana Made Wijana Made Wijana, Made Made Wirawan Made Wirawan Made Wirawan Made Wirawan, Made Maharsa Pradityatama Mara, I.M. Mas'ud Mas'ud N. Nurpatria, N. Nuarsa, I.M. Okariawan, I Dewa Ketut Padang, Y.A. Perdana Putra, I Ketut Putra, I Ketut Perdana R. Sutanto Rudy Sutanto S. Sujita Sapri, S. Sinarep Sinarep Suartika , I Made Sugiman . Sujita Darmo Sujita Sujita Sujita Sujita Sujita, Sujita Sultan Sultan Wirya Aryadi, I Gusti Agung Ketut Chatur Adhi Yesung Allo Padang