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All Journal Journal of International Law DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum International Journal of Supply Chain Management JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH JURNAL MERCATORIA Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Jurnal Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum Law_Jurnal PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Law & Policy Review Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Sriwijaya Journal of Private Law ULJLS Ipso Jure
Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto
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Reconstruction of Criminal Law Policy in Tackling Digital-Based Crime in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Suwarto, Suwarto; Sutiarnoto, Sutiarnoto; Magda, Marianne
Ipso Jure Vol. 2 No. 12 (2026): Ipso Jure - January
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/bjc35s29

Abstract

The development of digital technology characterized by the use of artificial intelligence has given birth to new forms of crime that are complex, anonymous, and cross-border, thus challenging the conventional construction of criminal law. The character of digital-based crime shows a fundamental shift from physical crime to system, data, and algorithm-based crime, which has not been fully accommodated in Indonesia's criminal law policy. This research aims to analyze the construction of criminal law policy in tackling digital-based crime in the era of artificial intelligence and formulate the idea of adaptive and fair criminal law policy reconstruction. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach, through an analysis of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions and Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The results of the study show that criminal law policy is still reactive, fragmentary, and dominated by the classical paradigm, thus causing problems in the formulation of delicacies, criminal liability, and proof of crimes based on artificial intelligence. Criminal law policy reconstruction is needed through paradigm reform, harmonization of norms, strengthening the criminal accountability model, and integrating penal and non-penal policies to ensure legal certainty, community protection, and justice in the digital era.
Violation of Airspace Transit Rights by U.S. Military Aircraft in Indonesia's Archipelagic Sea Lanes Khairuddin Alwi Fajar P; Suhaidi Suhaidi; Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v4i1.1381

Abstract

This study aims to examine the legal conformity of United States military aircraft operations within Indonesia’s Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI) under the regime of archipelagic sea lanes passage as established by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and to determine the juridical criteria for identifying violations of airspace transit rights in this context. The research employs a normative juridical method based on statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, analyzing relevant UNCLOS provisions, Indonesia’s domestic regulations, doctrinal interpretations, and documented state practices related to military overflight. The findings indicate that while UNCLOS guarantees the right of continuous and expeditious overflight through designated archipelagic sea lanes, such rights are not absolute and must be exercised in normal mode, in good faith, and with due regard to the security interests of the archipelagic state. Ambiguities surrounding the interpretation of “normal mode” for military aircraft and the absence of detailed operational parameters create legal grey areas that may lead to differing perceptions between user states and Indonesia regarding alleged violations. The study concludes that clearer interpretative standards and cooperative mechanisms are necessary to prevent legal uncertainty and diplomatic friction. Academically, this research contributes to the development of international maritime and air law scholarship by bridging doctrinal analysis of UNCLOS with contemporary Indo-Pacific security practices, and by proposing a balanced legal framework that reconciles international navigation freedoms with the sovereign rights of archipelagic states.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Adrian, Rifki Adwani Adwani Agustining, Agustining Ahmad Junaidi P Alberto Sitanggang Ali Sentosa Alvi Syahrin Arif Arif Arif Arif Azam, Saiful Budyanto Budyanto Chairul Bariah Chrisyela Sinaga Cindy Vania Lumban Batu David Leon A. Sembiring Dedi Syahputra Daulay Devi Azwar, T.Keizerina Edi Yunara Ekaputra, Mohammad Ekpi Yoksara Simbolon Elsyam Maulana Evelyne Theresia Fahreza, Redy Farhan Faisal Akbar Nasution Fajar P, Khairuddin Alwi Febri Dermawan Fedriyanti, Irma G. Gunawan Hanna Safira Nasution HASIM PURBA Hazza Azhar Arrijal Ida Nadirah Jelly Leviza Jennifer Jennifer Jesaya Brahmana Joshua P. Hutabarat Kamelo, Tan Karna, Etha Pricilla Khairuddin Alwi Fajar P Limbong, Henman Madiasa Ablisar Magda, Marianne Mahendra Syam, Farhans Mahmud Mulyadi MAHMUL SIREGAR Mahmul Siregar Michael Willy Chandra Muhammad Denny Yusril Siregar Muhammad Faris Muhammad Surya Nusantara Sandan Mutia, Fara Napitupulu, Yazmine Nabila Nasser, Gamal Abdul Nasution, Siti Nurahmi Natasa Fransiska Elisabeth Siahaan NINGRUM NATASYA SIRAIT Novi Monalisa Anastasia Tambun Nurul Kamila Ojita Aziziyah Okky Wiratama Perdana, Surya Pramesti, Reyna Rahmah Sulaiman Ria Ekawardani Rizki, Mohd. Arif Rizky Akbar Prabowo Rizky, Fajar Khaify Romadhon, Sasro Mulya Rosmalinda, Rosmalinda Rosnidar Sembiring Samuel B. Nababan Saragih, Yael Argani Sihombing, Eka N A M Silalahi, Saut Maruli Tua Silalahi, Tania Yosefin Agustina Siti Sarra Sitti Yunike Allysha Solind Ruta Siregar Sudirman H. Nainggolan Suhaidi Suhaidi Suhaidi Suhaidi Suhaidi Suhaidi Sunarmi Sunarmi Suwarto Suwarto Syafruddin Kalo Syaravina Lubis Tania Yosefin Agustina Silalahi Tarigan, Vita Cita Emia Tony Kesuma Utami, Vira Dwi Vira Dwi Utami Viranti, Syahliza Yamin Lubis Yan Jefry Barus Yerfizawati, Yerfizawati Zuan Driza