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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan (Journal of Biometrics and Population) The Indonesian Journal of Public Health Health Notions Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Hearty : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Manuju : Malahayati Nursing Journal Darmabakti Cendekia: Journal of Community Service and Engagements J-Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Public Health) Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Abdimasku : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Service) Bakti Cendana: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Media Gizi Kesmas GUYUB: Journal of Community Engagement Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Narra J Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) ABDIMAYUDA: Indonesian Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Psycho Aksara Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Journal of Community Engagement in Health Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fariani Syahrul
Departemen Epidemiologi, Biostatistika Kependudukan, Dan Promosi Kesehatan Ilmu Perilaku, FKM, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Seroepidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors in Indonesia before mass COVID-19 vaccination Wahyono, Tri YM.; Mahkota, Renti; Nurcandra, Fajaria; Ansariadi, Ansariadi; Hidajah, Atik C.; Helda, Helda; Syahrul, Fariani; Dwinata, Indra; Kawi, Nurhayati
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1957

Abstract

At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Indonesia, surveillance focused on finding and treating symptomatic cases. However, emerging evidence indicated that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals significantly contributed to viral transmission. This highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance to understand better the actual spread of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population across Indonesia and identify risk factors associated with infection at the beginning of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 17 provinces, 69 districts/cities, and 1,020 villages in Indonesia from December 22, 2020, to February 15, 2021. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. Serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2. Complex sample analysis, adjusted for weights, was utilized to estimate the national seroprevalence and a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution was applied to identify risk factors. A total of 10,161 individuals were included in the final analysis, with the national seroprevalence being 14.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.2–18.5). The prevalence was higher in females (16.8%; 95%CI: 12.5–22.3), individuals aged 46–59 years (18.6%; 95%CI: 14.2–24.0), and in urban areas (20.1%; 95%CI: 15.0–26.2). The highest prevalence was observed in North Maluku (35.6%; 95%CI: 29.3–42.5). Notably, 54.2% of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic, while 7.5% reported hypertension as a comorbidity. Factors associated with higher seroprevalence were being married (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02–2.12), widow (aPR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.01–3.00), and close contact with confirmed cases (aPR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.52–2.73). This study revealed a COVID-19 prevalence significantly higher than official estimate in Indonesia, underscoring the need for improved surveillance system to more accurately track disease spread and to inform timely public health responses in the future.
Co-Authors Adelia Perwita Sari Adelia Perwita Sari, Adelia Perwita Adwinda, Rana Nadiyah Ainun Azizah Ramdhani Aisyah Noer Auliyah Madani Pertiwi Al Himny Rusydy, Muhammad Alfilia Lusita Ali Iqbal Tawakal Ali Iqbal Tawakal Almeida, Denisca Anasiya Nurwitasari Angin, Septa Ria Agina Perangin Anisah, Mufidah Annis Catur Annis Catur Adi Annisa Fitria Ansariadi Ansariadi Arief Hargono Arina Farmalabitta Annis Arina Mufida Ersanti Arina Mufida Ersanti Ariza, Nahya Rahmatul Azizah, Rofiqotin Benyamin Bebengu, Yahya Binti Abdul Malik, Qurrotu 'Ainiy Chatarina U. W. Damayanti, Siska Dwi Daniek Suryaningdiah Daniek Suryaningdiah Daniek Suryaningdiah, Daniek Daniel Christanto Darajat , Zakiah Denisca Vanya Almeida Dewi, Ratna Candra Diah Patria Nuringtyas Dian Eka Puspitasari Dian Eka Puspitasari, Dian Eka Dina Andesty Djazuli Chalidyanto Dwinata, Indra Dwiono Mudjianto Elsa Adlina Limbong Elsa Adlina Limbong, Elsa Adlina Eny Qurniyawati Eva Agustina Faradillah Rahmy Savitri Fathrizqita Aghnia Raudhany Fatmasari Febriani, Nur Rahma Fitrah Bintan Harisma Ghanynafi, Abdullah Gomaa Nasr, Nayla Mohamed Hari Basuki N Hario Megatsari Helda Helda Hermin Yulianti Heru Saprudin Hidajah, Atik C. Hilda Nuruzzaman I Ketut Gita Iga Ema Dini Jatu, Madu Puspita Nuansa Jayanti Dian Eka Sari, Jayanti Dian Karlina Karlina Kartini Kartini Kawi, Nurhayati Kurniawati, Dian Prasasti Kusuma, Eva Flourentina Lalu Madahan Laura Navika Yamani Lipu, Yanto Ludita, Mirza Madu Puspita Nuansa Jatu Mahmud Aditya Rifqi Meivin Istiqomah, Meivin Mohammad Fahmi Rasyidi Muamar Afdhal Mahendra Mufida Ersanti, Arina Nahariyani, Firda Chaerunnisa Nathasya, Jessie Angeline Neneng Dwi Septiani Nikmatur Rohmah Nur Annisha Karunia Latief Nuraidah, Lutfi Fajar Nurcandra, Fajaria Pasaribu, Anggi Prabawa Pertiwi, Aisyah Noer Auliyah Madani Ponconugroho Ponconugroho Prabasanti, Mezaluna Prameswari, Ambarsih Prastyani, Reni Priantika, Maulidya Yuni Rahayu Lubis Ramadhan, Ramadivan Bagus Ratna Dwi Wulandari Renti Mahkota Riris Diana Rachmayanti Riska Nur Safitri Riska Nur Safitri, Riska Nur Rizka 'Afifatussalamah Rizma Dwi Nastiti Romadhona, Salsabila Rosita Dwi Yuliandari Rosita Dwi Yuliandari Safaryna, Alifia Merza Salisa, Wizara Salsabila, Zahro Santi Martini Septiani, Neneng Dwi Shafira Putri, Maurilla Siti Shofiya Novita Sari Siti Shofiya Novita Sari Ssekalembe, Geofrey Syahrani, Aulia Izza Syahril, Shakila Aliyahputri Teguh Mubawadi Tri Sulistijorini, Hinu Turmuzi Turmuzi Wahyono, Tri YM. Widyadhana, Engrasia Wizara Salisa Wizara Salisa Wizara Salisa Wizara Salisa Yashwant Vishnupant Pathak Yudied Agung Mirasa Yuliandari, Rosita Dwi Zhafira, Dinda