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Heavy Metals Pollution in Drinking Water Sources: A Case Study from Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Malaysia Zainon, Muhamad Radzi; Aziz, Mohd Yusmaidie; Ishak, Ahmad Razali; Abdullah, Muhamad Azwat; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Mohamed, Rafeezul; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Mualif, Siti Aisyah; Zabidi, Muhammad Azrul; Waras, Maisarah Nasution
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v17i3.2025.256-267

Abstract

Introduction: Heavy metal content within drinking water poses significant risks to health and the environment. Given industrial impact on Kulim’s water quality, this study determined the concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in various water sources around Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP) and assess associated with chronic heath risks. Methods: We measured these five heavy metals in 30 water samples from tap water, rivers, and ponds, within and around Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP), using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Non-carcinogenic risk was assessed by calculating Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI), while carcinogenic risk used Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR). Results and Discussion: Mean concentrations averaged between 0.0177 ± 0.0017 mg/L and 0.8652 ± 0.0606 mg/L; nickel showed the highest mean, followed by iron, zinc, manganese, and cadmium. Notably, concentrations of nickel, and in some instances iron and cadmium, exceeded regulatory limits. HQ and HI suggested no immediate adverse health effects from exposure to iron, manganese, and zinc. However, ELCR values for cadmium and nickel surpassed acceptable levels, indicating potential carcinogenic risks from long-term exposure. It is important to note that risk assessment for iron, manganese, and zinc is based on mean concentrations that include proportion of samples below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ), warranting cautious interpretation. Conclusion: This study provides crucial baseline data on heavy metals in KHTP water resources, underscores more investigation and potential remediation strategies to safeguard public and environmental health.
Analisis Kebisingan dengan Menggunakan Peta Kebisingan serta Rekomendasi Program NIHL (Noise Induced Hearing Loss) di PT. Wijaya Karya Beton, Tbk. PPB Pasuruan Shalina, Nia Vita; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Journal of Applied Civil Engineering and Infrastructure Technology Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Applied Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52158/jaceit.v6i2.989

Abstract

Noise is one of the environmental issues that frequently occurs in the workplace, particularly in the manufacturing industry. Excessive and prolonged exposure to noise can cause health problems for workers, such as Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). PT. Wijaya Karya Beton, Tbk. PPB Pasuruan, in its production process, uses various machines and equipment that can produce quite high noise levels. To overcome the noise problem at PT. Wijaya Karya Beton, Tbk. PPB Pasuruan, it is necessary to create a noise description using a noise map, so that monitoring can be carried out. In addition, implementing the NIHL (Noise-Induced Hearing Loss) program is needed to prevent and reduce the risk of hearing loss in workers. This study aims to describe noise using a noise map and provide recommendations for noise control efforts in the form of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). The method used is descriptive observational, with primary data from direct observation and secondary data from noise measurements conducted by PT. Envilab Indonesia. The results of the study showed that noise levels in several production areas exceeded the permitted threshold, with the highest noise intensity reaching 89.7 dBA. Recommendations include the use of ear protection, regular noise monitoring, and worker education on noise hazards. Implementation of the NIHL program is expected to reduce the risk of hearing loss and improve occupational health and safety.
Hubungan antara Kepatuhan Penggunaan APD (Alat Pelindung Diri) dengan Dampak Paparan sianida di Area HLO (Heap Leach Operation) PT. Bumi Suksesindo Anwar, Diana; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Lailiyah, Syifa'ul
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol 13 No 1 (2024): MEDIA GIZI KESMAS (JUNE 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.110-115

Abstract

Background: The mining sector plays a crucial role as a significant contributor to the energy supply, which is vital for economic growth. However, mining activities pose various potential hazards. Unfortunately, compliance with the usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in this industry remains relatively low. Objectives: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between workers' compliance in using PPE and the potential impact of cyanide exposure in the Heap Leach Operation (HLO) irrigation area of PT. Bumi Suksesindo. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research approach using an observational analytical method and a cross-sectional design. The research population consisted of 33 workers in the irrigation section of the HLO area. Data collection is conducted through questionnaire surveys, and the obtained data are analyzed using the contingency coefficient (c) to determine the strength of the relationship between variables. Results: The majority of workers (60.6%) were not exposed to the impact of cyanide exposure. There is a very weak correlation between compliance in using PPE and the potential impact of cyanide exposure (c = 0.141) Conclusions: A very weak correlation exists between workers' compliance in using PPE and the potential impact of cyanide exposure in the HLO irrigation area of PT Bumi Suksesindo.
Hubungan Beban Kerja Mental dan Kelelahan Kerja dengan Stres Kerja pada Perawat Shift Malam Rumah Sakit Islam Fatimah Banyuwangi Aminulloh, Sandi; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol 13 No 1 (2024): MEDIA GIZI KESMAS (JUNE 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.370-376

Abstract

Background: Every company is obliged to implement Occupational Safety and Health (K3) in the workplace. Implementation of this concept is the most important step to ensure work safety, protect workers and promote a higher level of health, so that workers can avoid various risks that endanger workers. One of the dangers at work is the psychological aspect, namely work stress. The American National Institutes of Health states that nursing is a job at risk of experiencing work stress at number 27 out of 130 types of work. The high workload on nurses can fluctuate the work stress experienced by them. Objective: This study aims to find the relevance or relationship between gender, length of service, mental workload, age, and work fatigue with work stress in nurses in the night shift work system at the emergency installation at the Banyuwangi Islamic Fatimah Hospital. Method: This research is quantitative with statistical analysis of the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the study showed that there was no relationship between age, gender, years of work, mental workload and work stress. In addition, a relationship was found between work fatigue and work stress. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that age, gender, length of service and workload for nurses are not related to work stress. However, the work fatigue of nurses at Fatimah Banyuwangi Islamic Hospital is related to the nurses' work stress.
Analisis Hubungan Beban Kerja Fisik Dengan Kelelahan Kerja Penambang Belerang PT. X Banyuwangi Taurizanti, Nadia Firdausi; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Media Gizi Kesmas Vol 13 No 1 (2024): MEDIA GIZI KESMAS (JUNE 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.413-418

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources, one of which is the potential for sulfur in Banyuwangi Regency. This natural potential is managed by PT. X Banyuwangi with the number of workers reaching 249 sulfur miners in the area. Excessive physical workload was found in the mining operational process in the Mount Ijen crater, resulting in a high potential for work fatigue which could lead to work accidents in this business sector. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between age, length of service and physical workload with work fatigue of sulfur miners of PT. X Banyuwangi. Method: The research method used is quantitative observational with data analysis using Spearman correlation and correlation coefficient values. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between age and physical workload and work fatigue of sulfur miners of PT. X Banyuwangi. Apart from that, there is no relationship between work period and work fatigue of sulfur miners of PT. X Banyuwangi. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that age and physical workload are related to work fatigue, while work experience is not related to work fatigue. The recommendations that can be implemented are implementing standard operational procedures in the process of transporting sulfur mining products which is carried out over a distance of 3 km, providing a shift system that allows miners to have working hours in accordance with Indonesian regulations, and providing physical workload limits in the manual handling process. which was carried out in the process of transporting sulfur mining products in the crater area of "‹"‹Mount Ijen, Banyuwangi.
ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY SAFETY: EXAMINING CONTROL STRATEGIES TO REDUCE ELECTRICAL RISKS BASED ON OSHA AND BLS (2011-2021) REPORTS Azeez Olawale Ojelabi; Abdul Rohim Tualeka; Indriati Paskarini; Suardi Zurimi; Juliana Jalaludin
Journal of Vocational Health Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): November 2025 | JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL HEALTH STUDIES
Publisher : Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jvhs.V9.I2.2025.146-153

Abstract

Background: One essential component of contemporary society is the use of electricity in a variety of industrial sectors. However, its vital role brings inherent risks that demand strict adherence to safety precautions. Purpose: This literature review investigates and evaluates control measures implemented in the electrical industry to reduce risks and lower the incidence of electrical fatalities. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of these control strategies and their alignment with the hierarchy of control framework. Review: This literature review employs a descriptive quantitative analysis. This study analyzes data from 2011 to 2021. During this period, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported 1.653 work-related electrical fatalities, while the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reported 1.201. Result: 118 vocations were linked to electrical fatalities during this time. Of these, 31% of deaths occurred in electrical-related jobs, while 69% happened in non-electrical jobs. This finding highlights the urgent need for comprehensive safety measures and effective control strategies to mitigate electrical hazards. Conclusion: This literature review highlights the importance of applying the Hierarchy of Controls (HOC) in managing electrical risks in the workplace. It calls for proactive interventions and a cultural shift toward prioritizing safety, integrating human awareness with strict regulations to reduce electricity-related fatalities.
Comparison between health systems of Indonesia and Singapore: A systematic review Nugraha, Rizki Ahmad; Paskarini, Indriati; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science Vol. 8 No. 8 (2025): Volume 8 Number 8
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/minh.v8i8.1146

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Background: The performance of national health systems is influenced by various internal and external factors, including governance models, financing, and geography. While both Indonesia and Singapore operate mixed public-private healthcare systems, the outcomes and challenges they face vary significantly. Understanding these differences provides critical insight into how contextual factors shape health system effectiveness. Purpose: To compare the health systems of Indonesia and Singapore by examining their structural components, similarities, differences, and challenges, with a focus on the integration of public health services. The analysis seeks to determine how contextual elements such as governance structure and geographical characteristics influence system performance. Method: A systematic review with article selection guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review process begins with the formulation of clinical questions relevant to the topic. Before this, the authors establish PICOS criteria, which stand for: P (problem, patient, or population), I (intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure), C (comparison or control), O (outcome), and S (study design). For this article, P: Health systems in southeast asian countries specifically indonesia and singapore. I: Implementation and structure of the health system in Singapore, C: Health system in Indonesia, O: Comparative insights regarding efficiency, equity, accessibility, health outcomes, and quality of care between both countries, S: Systematic Review and Randomized Controlled Trials. The article search was conducted systematically using the keywords: “Health” AND “Workforce,” AND “Record,” “Vaccine Distribution,” AND “Leadership,” AND “Service Delivery,” AND “Financing System,” AND “Information System,” AND “Indonesia” OR “Singapore”. Results: Singapore’s centralized governance and compact geography enable efficient, integrated healthcare services, leading to superior health outcomes such as higher life expectancy and better physician coverage. In contrast, Indonesia’s decentralized system and geographic dispersion cause fragmented service delivery, resulting in lower life expectancy, fewer healthcare workers, and greater reliance on out-of-pocket spending. Conclusion: Singapore’s centralized and well-coordinated health system enables efficient service integration and strong health outcomes, while Indonesia’s decentralized structure and vast geography create challenges in achieving equitable and effective healthcare delivery. Strengthening governance, health workforce distribution, and digital health integration are key for Indonesia to enhance its system performance and reduce disparities.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA DESAIN STASIUN KERJA DAN KARAKTERISTIK KARYAWAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA (STUDI DI PT. LEN INDUSTRI BANDUNG) Putri, Wulandari Anggraini; Mahima, A.A.Gede Kenas Alvaro; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): DESEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v6i4.51986

Abstract

Produktivitas kerja di sektor manufaktur sering dipengaruhi oleh faktor ergonomi dan karakteristik individu karyawan, sehingga ketidaksesuaian desain stasiun kerja dapat menimbulkan keluhan fisik yang berdampak pada penurunan kinerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara desain stasiun kerja dan karakteristik karyawan terhadap produktivitas kerja di PT. Len Industri Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada seluruh populasi karyawan divisi Information System gedung A, yaitu 32 orang yang dipilih dengan metode total sampling. Variabel independen meliputi desain stasiun kerja (meja, kursi, monitor, keyboard, mouse) serta karakteristik individu (usia, jenis kelamin, durasi penggunaan komputer, riwayat penyakit tulang, postur kerja, konsumsi air minum), sedangkan variabel dependen adalah produktivitas kerja. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi, dengan penilaian postur menggunakan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) dan desain stasiun kerja berdasarkan lembar observasi OSHA 2018. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square dan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain stasiun kerja memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan produktivitas kerja (p = 0,000). Selain itu, karakteristik individu seperti durasi penggunaan komputer (p = 0,000), riwayat penyakit tulang (p = 0,003), dan postur kerja (p = 0,018) juga berhubungan signifikan, sedangkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan konsumsi air tidak berhubungan bermakna. Disimpulkan bahwa desain stasiun kerja yang ergonomis dan penyesuaian dengan kondisi fisik karyawan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan produktivitas.
Respirable Dust Levels, Years of Service, and Pulmonary Physiological Disorders in Marble Home Industry Workers Alia, Siti Arum; Widajati, Noeroel; Martiana, Tri; Sari, Firda Qurba; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 58, No. 2
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Highlights: • The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained. • The weakness level of correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders. Abstract: Environmental dust in the workplace exposes the workers as they are breathing. The dust is inhaled into the respiratory tract and causes occupational diseases in the form of pulmonary function disorders. Workers in the marble industry are also prone to dust exposure. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between years of service, respiratory dust levels, and pulmonary function disorders in marble home industry workers in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. This study was a descriptive observational study with data from a cross-sectional technique. The population was 18 workers taken as respondents. The independent variables in this study were years of service and the level of respirable dust, while the dependent variable was the pulmonary function disorders experienced by the workers. The data were analyzed using the Correlation Contingency test. There was a close correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders by 0.196, indicating that the relationship between those variables was weak. The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained because the constant results met the threshold value. The correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders was weak, and the relationship between respiratory dust level and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained.
Toluene Exposure Concentration and Neurotoxic Risk Quotient among Industrial Workers in Surabaya: A Cross-Sectional Study Zurimi, Suardi; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim
Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33860/jik.v19i3.4213

Abstract

Background: Toluene poses significant health hazards to humans. Occupational exposure among workers who use toluene as a solvent may lead to various adverse health effects, including dizziness, vertigo, ocular and skin irritation, respiratory disturbances, as well as disorders of the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. This study aimed to examine the association between toluene concentration and non-carcinogenic risk characteristics with neurotoxic effects across five industrial settings in the Surabaya region. Methods: This observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in five industries in Surabaya that utilize toluene as a solvent in their production processes, located in Osowilangun, Ketintang, Jemursari, Kalijudan, and AUP Which will be implemented in 2025. The study population consisted of 90 workers exposed to toluene, of whom 77 participants were selected using an accidental sampling technique. The variables examined included toluene concentration, toluene risk quotient (RQ), and neurotoxic effects. Results: Overall, 50 workers (65%) had unsafe risk quotient (RQ) levels, and 48 workers (62.3%) experienced neurotoxic effects. Although the majority of workers (52.0%) were exposed to toluene concentrations below the threshold limit value, those exposed to concentrations above the threshold had a 1.38-fold higher risk of neurotoxic effects, and workers with unsafe RQ had a 1.4-fold increased risk compared with those with safe RQ. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between toluene concentration or RQ and neurotoxic effects (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although not statistically significant, the study suggests that the Risk Quotient (RQ) of toluene is a key determinant of neurotoxic risk, highlighting the importance of monitoring and controlling exposure in the workplace.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Muhamad Azwat Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi Ahmad Rido'i Yuda Prayogi Ahmad Ridoi Yuda Prayogi Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Ahsan Aisyah Noor Shofi Hanifah Akbar, Muhammad Ihzario Ibrahim Al Mamun, Abdullah Alia, Siti Arum Alkaf Mu’nis Bahsin Amanda Fithri Habibati Aminulloh, Sandi Anggit Wirama Siwidati Anindia Istifara Anwar, Diana Aristy Yulanda Ambarani Arya Zulfikar Paramarta Astriningrum Titipangesti Kusumarini Aulia Rahman Farizky Pujiantara Azeez Olawale Ojelabi Aziz, Mohd Yusmaidie Baharuddin M. Subandi Bahsin, Alkaf Munis Barikly Robby Basa Alim Tualeka Dani Nasirul Haqi Dita Perwitasari Doutti Shoshihandra Dr. Ahsan Ahsan Dr. Syamsiar S Russeng Edinur, Hisham Atan Enjelita Karujan Ernawati, Meirina Erwin Dyah Nawawiwetu, Erwin Dyah Evi Setyawati Fadila, Isna Fahimah Hashim Firda Qurba Sari Fitri Yatulaini Frinsus Feriga Diosma Frizki Rana Karisma Putri Hanif Rizqi Diniari, Hanif Rizqi Hapsoro Agung Jatmiko Heningdia Pastika Asih Herman Bagus Dwicahyo Iin Zulaiha Tuasikal Indri H Susilowati Indri H Susilowati Indri H Susilowati Indriati Paskarini Innaha Ilma Wardaya Intan Kristianti Irlangga Wisnu Wardana Irsyad Yudisianto Ishak, Ahmad Razali Ismahani Isman, Nur Izzah Ivana Laily Jalaludin, Juliana jannah, Hafidzoh Fatihatul Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut juliana Jalaludin Juliana Jalaludin Juliana Jalaludin Juliana Jalaludin Kania Nayuri Nugroho Ketut Ima Ismara Kusumarini, Astriningrum Titipangesti Lailiyah, Syifa'ul Made Yenny Puspitarini Mahfiro Risky Safitri Mahima, A.A.Gede Kenas Alvaro Mandagi, Ayik Mirayanti Mardliyatus Sholihah Mardliyatus Sholihah, Mardliyatus Melany Kumayas Moh. Nurdin Zuhri Mohamed, Rafeezul Mualif, Siti Aisyah Nabila Azzahra Alifia Nanda Bella Puspitaloka Ni'matul Ulfa Nita Desti Rahmawati Noeroel Widajati Noeroel Widjajati Nugraha, Rizki Ahmad Nur Aini Nur Aini Fitri Nurhani Mazly Harahap Ojelabi, Azeez Olawale Olga Febriana Safitrie Prasetya, Tofan Agung Eka Pudji Rahmawati Putri Ayuni Putri, Wulandari Anggraini Rahmadani Rahmadani Rahmawati, Nur Anisah Ritwan Agus Prasetyo Rizaldi Nanda Pratama Rizaldy Fathur Rachman Rizaldy Fathur Rachman Rosmita Rahma Dania Sacharina Surya Ningrum Sahrir Sillehu Sahrir Sillehu Salsabila Novianti Salsabila Novianti Samsul Arifin Samsul Arifin Sarah Nadhila Rahma Sari, Firda Qurba Shalina, Nia Vita Shintia Yunita Arini, Shintia Yunita Siti Arum Alia Siti Marifatul Ulubiah Suardi Zurimi Suhaimi, Nur Faseeha Suherdin Suwardi Suwardi Syamsiar Russeng Syamsiar S Russeng Syamsiar S Russeng Syamsiar S Russeng Tamilanban Thamaraikani Taurizanti, Nadia Firdausi Tri Martiana Tri Martiana Tri Martiana Trias Mahmudiono Velu Perumal Wahdah Dhiyaul Akrimah Waras, Maisarah Nasution Y Denny Ardyanto W Yenitrisnawati Yogi Aldias Zakariyah Yustinus Denny Ardyanto Wahyudiono Zabidi, Muhammad Azrul Zainon, Muhamad Radzi Zulfa Anida