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AKTIVITAS MUKOLITIK FRAKSI METANOL DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocotum Ruiz and Pav.) PADA MUKOSA USUS SAPI DAN KANDUNGAN KIMIANYA Ririn Lispita Wulandari; Yulias Ninik Windriyati; Aqnes Budiarti
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi & Farmasi Klinik Vol.10 No.1 Juni 2013
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (316.836 KB) | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v10i1.872

Abstract

 ABSTRACT Red betel leaves (Piper crocotum  Key words: red betel leaves, mucolitic, cow’s mucous Ruiz and Pav.) can cure many kinds of diseases, including cough. The aim of this research is to determine mucolitic activity of methanol fraction from ethanol extract of red betel leaves on cow’s intestine mucous in vitro and to identify its active compound group.  Ethanol extract of red betel leaves was made by maceration method using ethanol 70%. Methanol fraction was made from ethanol extract by partitioned gradually using petroleum eter, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The obtained methanol fraction was made serial concentration started from 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% in 80% cow’s mucous. The mucolitic activity was tested using Viscometer Rion, and 0.1% acethylcystein as positive control. Identification the active compound using thin layer chromatography. The viscosity cow’s mucous analyzed statistically. Normality test using Shapiro Wilk, non parametric statistic test using Kruskal Wallis, and then continued using Mann Whitney Test with degree of trust of 95%.The result shows that methanol fraction has mucolitic activity whether at concentration 0.3% is equivalent to 0.1% acethylcystein. Methanol fraction contains saponin, flavonoid, and polyphenol.
OPTIMASI DAN VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS SUKROSA UNTUK MENENTUKAN KEASLIAN MADU PERDAGANGAN MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI Aqnes Budiarti; Ibrahim Arifin
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Prosiding Seminar Nasional "Perkembangan Terbaru Pemanfaatan Herbal Sebagai Agen Preventif Pada Tera
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (422.884 KB) | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v0i0.1212

Abstract

ABSTRAK Seiring dengan peningkatan penggunaan madu, berkembanglah pemalsuan madu untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Penambahan larutan gula pasir sering dilakukan karena harganya yang relatif murah. Pemalsuan madu dengan cara seperti ini sangat merugikan masyarakat karena dapat memicu timbulnya penyakit diabetes. Kandungan sukrosa dalam madu menurut persyaratan mutu madu SNI 01-3545-2004 adalah maksimal 5%. Apabila kandungannya jauh lebih tinggi maka dapat dipastikan bahwa madu tersebut tidak asli. Metode didasarkan pada sifat glukosa yang polar sehingga dapat dianalisis menggunakan KCKT dan struktur glukosa yang mengandung kromofor sehingga dapat dideteksi menggunakan detektor UV. Analisis dilakukan dengan kolom C18 Lichrospher 100 RP-18 (100 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 μm). Fase gerak terdiri atas asetonitril dan aquabidest (65: 35, v/v). Fase gerak dihantarkan secara isokratik dengan laju alir 0,8 mL/menit. Detektor UV pada panjang gelombang 191 nm. Metode yang dikembangkan divalidasi berdasarkan parameter ketelitian, ketepatan, linieritas, spesivitas dan sensitivitas. Metode ini memenuhi persyaratan validasi. Ketelitian metode dievaluasi menggunakan uji repeatability yang menghasilkan nilai RSD 0,10 – 1,90%. Ketepatan metode ditentukan dengan studi perolehan kembali yang menunjukkan nilai perolehan kembali adalah 98,72 – 101,22%. Metode menghasilkan respon yang linier (r > 0,99) pada kisaran konsentrasi 30 – 90 µg/mL. Nilai LOD dan LOQ Sukrosa sebesar 2,64 µg/mL dan 8,83 µg/mL Kata kunci: sukrosa, madu perdagangan, KCKT
Antioxidant Activity of Dewandaru Leaf (Eugenia Uniflora L.) Ethanol Extract and Determination of Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Content Khoirul Anwar; Faridha Maera Lokana; Aqnes Budiarti
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 22 Nomor 2, Oktober 2022
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (310.128 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v22i2.43913

Abstract

Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a plant that has antioxidant activities. The compounds contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids.  This study aimed to test the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) with ABTS method and determine the content of flavonoid and total phenolic compounds. Ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. The ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves identified the active compounds by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) and phytochemical screening. Ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves was tested for its antioxidant activity using the ABTS method to obtaine the IC50 value and determined total flavonoid and phenolic content using UV/Vis spectrophotometry to obtain the levels (mg/g sample). The identification results show that the ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves is a flavonoid compound of the dihydroflavonol type which has a bound OH functional group, aliphatic CH, C = O, C = C aromatic, C - O and aliphatic CH, and there are hydroxy groups on the C-3, C atoms. -5, and C-7. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves contains saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids. The ethanol extract of Dewandaru leaves has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 33.92 ppm and trolox with an IC50 value of 19.24 ppm. Based on the IC50 value, both are categorized very strong antioxidant activity. The total phenolic and total flavonoid levels were 327.52 mgGAE/g and 35.65 mgQE/g. Keywords: Antioxidant; Eugenia uniflora L.; flavonoid; phenolic Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dewandaru (Eugenia Uniflora L.) serta Penetapan Flavonoid dan Fenolik Total ABSTRAK Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) termasuk salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai khasiat antioksidan. Senyawa yang terkandung didalamnya antara lain senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) menggunakan metode ABTS dan menetapkan kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik total. Ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96 %. Ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru diidentifikasi senyawa aktif dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan skrinning fitokimia. Ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS sehingga diperoleh nilai IC50. Selanjutnya ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru ditetapkan kandungan flavonoid dan fenolik totalnya secara spektrofometri UV/Vis hingga diperoleh kadarnya (mg/g sampel). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid jenis dihidroflavonol yang mempunyai gugus fungsi OH terikat, CH alifatik, C = O, C = C aromatik, C – O dan CH alifatik, serta terdapat gugus hidroksi pada atom C-3, C-5, dan C-7. Hasil skrining fitokimia  menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru mengandung senyawa saponin, tanin, fenolik, dan flavonoid. Ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 33,92 ppm dan trolox dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,24 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 keduanya dikategorikan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Sedangkan kadar fenolik total serta flavonoid total sebesar 327,52 mgGAE/g dan 35,65 mgQE/g. Kata kunci: antioksidan; Eugenia uniflora L.; fenolik; flavonoid
Analysis of Hydroquinone and Kojic Acid Content in Three Brand Body Lotions Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Yessy Dwi Anggraini; Khoirul Anwar; Aqnes Budiarti
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 23 Nomor 1, April 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v23i1.45703

Abstract

Treatment of hyperpigmentation can be done with several compounds, including a combination of hydroquinone and kojic acid in cosmetic preparations that are considered safe and effective. This study aims to analyze the levels of hydroquinone and kojic acid in three trademarks of body lotion using HPLC.  The study used HPLC at a wavelength of 283 nm. The stationary phase used was C18, and the mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile:aquabidest (20:80, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Validation tests were carried out, including linearity, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), selectivity, precision, and accuracy. The analytical method was applied to 3 body lotion preparations.  The linearity test of hydroquinone and kojic acid with a value of r = 0.999; Hydroquinone LOD 0.274 g/mL; LOQ of hydroquinone 0.913 g/mL; LOD of kojic acid 0.420 g/mL; LOQ of kojic acid 1,401 g/mL; selectivity test 1.5; the precision test of hydroquinone and kojic acid resulted in the value of %RSD 2%; hydroquinone accuracy 99.200-100.450%; kojic acid 99.454-100.450%. The content of hydroquinone body lotion brand A, 0.854%, B 0.470%, and C 1.557%, kojic acid content in body lotion brand A 0.823%, B 0.510%, and C 1.497%. The results showed that all the results of the validation test fulfill the requirements of the validation parameters and the results of the analysis of the content of hydroquinone and kojic acid in the three trademarks of body lotion fulfill the requirements. Keywords: Body lotion; hydroquinone levels; kojic acid  
Quality Control of Sunscreen Products: A Validated HPLC Method for the Analysis of Avobenzone and Oxybenzone Novy Inti Fauziah; Aqnes Budiarti; Khoirul Anwar
Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v5i1.63

Abstract

Avobenzone and oxybenzone are commonly used ultraviolet (UV) filters in sunscreen products, offering broad-spectrum protection against harmful solar radiation. Accurate determination of these compounds in sunscreen formulations is crucial for quality control and ensuring consumer safety. This study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of avobenzone and oxybenzone in commercial sunscreens. The HPLC method utilized a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase of methanol:aquabidest (93:7, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 320 nm. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy. The validated method was then applied to quantify avobenzone and oxybenzone in three different brands of commercial sunscreen products. The developed HPLC method demonstrated excellent linearity for both avobenzone (r = 0.9998) and oxybenzone (r = 0.9995). The method was also highly sensitive with low limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for avobenzone (0.13 μg/mL and 0.43 μg/mL, respectively) and oxybenzone (0.35 μg/mL and 1.15 μg/mL, respectively). The method exhibited good selectivity and precision (%RSD ≤ 2%). Accuracy, as determined by recovery experiments, was within the acceptable range (100.01%-100.77% for avobenzone and 99.66%-100.81% for oxybenzone). The levels of avobenzone and oxybenzone in the analyzed sunscreen brands (A, B, and C) were found to be within the regulatory limits. In conclusion, the validated HPLC method provides a reliable and efficient means for the simultaneous quantification of avobenzone and oxybenzone in sunscreen products, contributing to the quality control and safety of these widely used formulations.
Analisis Kadar Difenhidramin, Dekstrometorfan dan Fenilefrin dalam Sirup Obat Batuk Menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Agnes Budiarti; Mukti Tri Utomo; Khoirul Anwar
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik No 1 (2024): JIFFK Special Edition Suppl. 2
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v2i1.11747

Abstract

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and phenylephrine hydrochloride are often combined to treat cough. The levels of the three compounds in cough syrup are relatively small, so the analysis requires simultaneous and sensitive methods, one of which is the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid KCKT analysis method to determine the levels of diphenhydramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine, apply the validated method to cough syrup and determine the suitability of the levels of the three compounds to the requirements. This study used an isocratic type KCKT (Jazco) with a UV detector at 265 nm, a C₁₈ quiescent phase and a mixed motion phase with phosphate: methanol (30:70, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The study produced a value of r= 0.9999 in the linearity test of the three compounds. The sensitivity test produced LOD and LOQ values of diphenhydramine were 0.395 μg/mL and 1.318 μg/mL; The LOD and LOQ of dextromethorphan were 0.642 μg/mL and 2.141 μg/mL; The LOD and LOQ of phenylephrine were 0.177 μg/mL and 0.590 μg/mL. The selectivity test produced a good separation with an R-value of ≥1.5. Precision tests yield %RSD values ≤ 2%. Accuracy tests produce precise retrieval values.  The content of the three compounds in the three cough syrup samples met the requirements of the Indonesia Pharmacopoeia. Thus, the developed analysis method meets the requirements of all validation parameters and can be applied. 
Edukasi Penggunaan Obat dan Suplemen untuk Pencegahan Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) pada Pekerja Imigran Indonesia di Sanggar Bimbingan Sungai Mulia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Heroweti, Junvidya; Inayati, Dian; Budiarti, Aqnes; Ikhsan, Muhammad
Journal of Dedicators Community Vol 8, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34001/jdc.v8i3.6963

Abstract

The health of Indonesian immigrants working in Malaysia is a concern due to difficulties in obtaining health and medical facilities. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are increasing rapidly in Indonesia and Malaysia due to unhealthy lifestyles and eating patterns. The aim of this service is to increase awareness of Indonesian immigrants in Malaysia, especially at Sanggar Guidance (SB) Sungai Mulia 5, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This service begins with situation analysis, health outreach, assistance with medication use and evaluation of understanding regarding NCDs. Based on the results of health outreach and medical check-ups, it is known that as many as 70% of immigrants experience high blood pressure; 60% experienced high blood sugar; 30% experienced high uric acid and 57.5% experienced hypercholesterolemia. The results of the evaluation of the use of supplements and herbs to prevent NCDs showed that more than 70% of participants had an understanding of metabolic diseases, symptoms of NCDs, lifestyle improvements, processing and use of herbs, use of multivitamins, use of medication from a doctor (if they had received therapy). This activity can support information on health status and increase understanding regarding the use of medicines and herbs among Indonesian immigrants in Malaysia.
IDENTIFIKASI ISU SOSIOSAINTIFIK DALAM PENGGUNAAN OBAT TRADISIONAL YANG MENGANDUNG BKO UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA ANALISIS Budiarti, Aqnes; Haryani, Sri; Sumarni, Woro; Prasetya, Agung Tri
Proceeding Seminar Nasional IPA 2025
Publisher : LPPM UNNES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penggunaan isu sosial dalam pembelajaran isu sosiosaintifik (SSI) telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan penguasaan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap peserta didik. Salah satu isu sosial yang berpotensi digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia analisis adalah isu obat tradisional yang mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) yang dilarang pemerintah karena dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Namun, hingga saat ini belum banyak dikembangkan metode pembelajaran yang efektif untuk mengintegrasikan isu tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi isu sosial tentang obat tradisional khususnya jamu yang mengandung BKO, menganalisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif kandungan BKO dalam jamu serta membandingkan dengan peraturan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu eksplorasi berita dan praktik laboratorium dengan sampel jamu diambil dari lokasi terjadinya isu. Eksplorasi berita tentang isu jamu yang mengandung BKO dilakukan menggunakan tiga mesin pencari informasi yaitu Google, ChatGPT, dan DeepSeek. Praktik laboratorium dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif BKO menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dilanjutkan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplorasi berita isu memperoleh fenilbutazon sebagai bahan kimia yang paling banyak ditambahkan dalam jamu. Hasil praktik laboratorium menunjukkan sampel jamu positif mengandung fenilbutazon dengan kadar 200,93 mg per sachet jamu. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya pelanggaran terhadap Permenkes No. 6 Tahun 2012 yang melarang penambahan BKO dalam obat tradisional.
VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS NIKOTINAMIDA, VITAMIN B6, DAN VITAMIN C MENGGUNAKAN KCKT DAN APLIKASINYA PADA SEDIAAN SUPLEMEN KESEHATAN Rindi Khusni Wulandari; Budiarti, Aqnes; Gharsina Ghaisani Yumni
CENDEKIA EKSAKTA Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/ce.v10i1.12853

Abstract

Kombinasi nikotinamida, vitamin B6, dan vitamin C sering digunakan dalam suplemen kesehatan. Kandungan ketiga senyawa dalam produk tersebut tergolong rendah, sehingga penentuan kadar mereka memerlukan teknik analisis yang tidak hanya sensitif tetapi juga mampu mengukur secara bersamaan. Salah satu teknik yang digunakan adalah kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Namun, metode analisis yang sesuai masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode KCKT yang divalidasi untuk mengukur nikotinamida, vitamin B6, dan vitamin C, sekaligus mengaplikasikannya pada produk suplemen kesehatan. Prosedur penelitian memakai KCKT isokratik (Jazco) dengan deteksi UV pada panjang gelombang 272 nm. Fase diam berupa kolom C18 berukuran 125 mm x 4,6 mm, sementara fase gerak adalah campuran metanol, air, dan asam asetat glasial dengan perbandingan 15:85:1 dan kecepatan 1 mL/menit. Validasi metode menunjukkan hasil positif pada parameter linieritas (r = 0,999 untuk ketiga senyawa), akurasi (perolehan krmbali 99,05–100,80%), presisi (nilai %RSD ≤ 2%), selektivitas dengan daya pemisahan minimal 1,5, serta sensitivitas dengan batas deteksi (LOD) dan batas kuantifikasi (LOQ) masing-masing: nikotinamida (LOD 0,554 µg/mL; LOQ 1,846 µg/mL), vitamin B6 (LOD 0,068 µg/mL; LOQ 0,227 µg/mL), dan vitamin C (LOD 0,602 µg/mL; LOQ 2,006 µg/mL). Metode ini berhasil diterapkan untuk mengukur kandungan ketiga zat tersebut dalam tiga merek suplemen kesehatan.