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All Journal AGRIEKONOMIKA Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Jurnal SEPA (Social Economic and Agribusiness Journal) Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Jurnal Agribisnis Terpadu Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian AGROMIX Jambura Agribusiness Journal PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat PRIMA: Journal of Community Empowering and Services Jurnal Abdi Insani MAHATANI: Jurnal Agribisnis (Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics Journal) Jurnal Agristan Agroteksos AGRIC Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Agricultural Socio-Economic Empowerment and Agribusiness Journal Agrifo: Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh Aksi Kita: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Fanny Widadie
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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EFEK NILAI TUKAR NEGARA IMPORTIR DAN HARGA EKSPOR TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR KOPRA DI INDONESIA Lestari, Retna Dewi; Widadie, Fanny; Wulandari, Eliana; Purnomo, Singgih
AGROTEKSOS, Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian Vol 34 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Agroteksos Desember 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/agroteksos.v34i3.1297

Abstract

Potensi industri pengolahan minyak nabati pada negara-negara maju semakin besar. Salah satu bahan baku penghasil minyak nabati adalah kopra atau daging kelapa yang dikeringkan atau disebut Copra Meal dalam perdagangan internasional. Kopra dapat diolah menjadi minyak kelapa (coconut oil), minyak goreng, margarin, deterjen, bahan bakar biodesel dan produk turunannya. Indonesia merupakan penghasil utama kopra setelah Negara Filipina. Produksi rata-rata kopra Indonesia sampai bulan Juni Tahun 2023 adalah 535.000 metrik ton (Index Mundi, 2023). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor yang paling berperan dalam mempengaruhi volume ekspor kopra dari Indonesia ke lima negara importir yaitu China, India, Jerman, Belanda dan Republik Korea dari rentang waktu tahun 2006 sampai tahun 2022. Metode analisis data dengan pendekatan Common Effect Model atau Pooled Least Square (PLS). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan Ekpor kopra Indonesia jika dilihat masih berfluktuatif, namun kecenderungan menurun, hal ini disebabkan daya saing kopra di pasar internasional masih rendah. Variable nilai tukar uang negara tujuan terhadap USD dan harga kopra dunia berpengaruh terhadap volume ekspor kopra Indonesia. Untuk meningkatkan volume ekspor kopra perlu adanya peningkatan daya saing kopra sehingga tidak kalah dengan kopra negara lain.
Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Karet Indonesia ke India Pramudita, Galuh; Widadie, Fanny; Harisudin, Mohamad
Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25181/jaip.v13i1.3983

Abstract

Indonesia, as the second largest rubber producer in the world, has exported rubber to various countries; India is one of the leading destinations for rubber export. However, many factors can affect Indonesian rubber exports to India. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in India and the international market and to determine the factors that can affect Indonesian rubber exports to India. The data used are secondary data from 2005 to 2022 obtained by FAO, ITC, BPS, World Bank, and Bank Indonesia. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) methods to analyze the competitiveness of rubber export. Multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the factors that affect exports. The study results show that the competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in the Indian market is strong, although it fluctuates. The competitiveness of Indonesian rubber exports in the international market is dominated by strong export competitiveness, but it has had weak competitiveness. Production factors and land area have a significant and positive effect, exchange rates and export prices have a negative impact, and producer prices and India’s GDP per capita do not significantly affect exports. This states that increasing the export competitiveness and volume of Indonesian rubber exports to India can be done by increasing rubber production to increase the supply of export rubber.
Analisis Akses Pembiayaan Formal Petani Cabai Merah Di Kabupaten Garut Agum Restu Alam; Eliana Wulandari; Fanny Widadie
MAHATANI: Jurnal Agribisnis (Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics Journal) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mahatani : Jurnal Agribisnis (Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Garut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/mja.v8i1.42666

Abstract

Access to formal financing is key to the sustainability of red chili farming in the Garut District due to price fluctuations and high capital requirements. This study aims to assess the level of access of red chili farmers to formal financing and identify its supporting factors. The study was conducted in Kecamatan Cikajang from February to May 2025 with a quantitative approach using a survey of 108 randomly selected farmers from five production center villages. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics to explore the relationship between farmer characteristics (age, education, farming experience, land size) and access to formal financing. The results showed that only 11.1% of farmers successfully accessed formal credit, while 88.9% did not access formal financing. Frequency analysis and significance tests revealed no significant relationship between demographic variables and access to finance, with the main barriers being complex procedures, low financial literacy, and weak farmer institutions. The study recommends increasing financial literacy programs, simplifying credit procedures, and strengthening farmer group institutions to expand financial inclusion in the horticulture sector.Keywords: Access to Finance, Red Chili Farming, Garut, Formal Financing
ANALISIS RANTAI PASOKAN MENTIMUN DI PASAR INDUK KOTA SURAKARTA Muslim, Aditya Fadilla; Widadie, Fanny; Sutrisno, Joko
Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/ag.v9i1.15234

Abstract

Agricultural commodities have supply chain flows from upstream to downstream, namely from producers to consumers. The need for vegetables in the city of Surakarta must be met by the surrounding area because of the limited agricultural land in the city of Surakarta itself. One of the vegetable commodities supplied is cucumber. Therefore, it is important to know the flow of the cucumber supply chain in the Central Market of Surakarta City. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The research location was chosen purposively, namely the Central Market of Surakarta City (Pasar Gede and Pasar Legi). The sampling technique used snowball sampling to collect informants consisting of farmers, collectors, wholesalers and retailers and incidental sampling with the Slovin formula so that the number of respondents was 77 traders. Data collection techniques using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression test. The results of this study are 1) there are 6 flows of goods in the supply chain with farmers, collectors, wholesalers, retail traders andconsumers, the financial flow is divided into 2, namely early and late repayment and the flow of information occurs in 2 directions, namely information from farmers to traders. (cucumber availability and transaction mechanisms) and from traders to farmers (price developments). 2) the majority of traders supply cucumbers of 350 - 586 kg. 3) thefactors that have a significant effect on the supply volume of cucumbers in the Central Market of Surakarta City areprice, profit, transportation, supplier area and quality.
Risk Analysis For Sustainable Broccoli Cultivation : A Case Study From Ngablak District Magelang Regency Widadie, Fanny
Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v9i2.24855

Abstract

Broccoli farming has a high production risk due to climate change, pest attacks, and fluctuations in production input prices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the income and risks of broccoli farming, factors affecting broccoli production, and farmers' risk preferences. This research is useful in understanding the risks of farmers in broccoli farming. The location of the investigation was deliberately determined (purposive method), namely, in Sumberejo Village, Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, which is a vegetable center area. The sampling was carried out randomly on 60 broccoli farmers. The analytical tools used to measure risk are the values of the coefficients of variation and resistance. Factors that affect production using the Cobb-Douglas production model, and those that affect risk using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with the De Janvry model approach. The results showed that the coefficients of variation in production and income were 0.76 and 0.88, and the risk aversion coefficient was quite high with an average of 1.125. Factors that affect production are land, seeds, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and organic fertilizers. Education, institutions, land area, and income influence farmers' behavior toward risk.
Analisis Rantai Pasok Cabai Merah di Kabupaten Garut Alam, Agum Restu; Wulandari, Eliana; Widadie, Fanny
Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Juli 2025
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ma.v11i2.19276

Abstract

The chili supply chain is a complex system that involves various stages from production at the farm level to distribution and consumption by the community. This process includes a series of interrelated activities, such as planting, harvesting, packaging, transportation, storage, and selling in traditional and modern markets. This study aims to analyze the supply chain (product flow, financial flow, and information flow) of red chili in Cikajang SubDistrict, Garut District. This research uses qualitative design. Data analysis used in the supply chain is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the supply chain structure involves farmers, collectors and distributors. The flow of products goes from farmers to collectors and then to distributors, supported by cash or delayed payment mechanisms that are influenced by quality, quantity, and market conditions. The flow of information takes place directly between actors, although informal communication is still dominant. The main challenges faced are price fluctuations, delayed payments, and lack of transparency in information and financial flows. Integration and strengthening of supply chain management is needed to improve the efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness of red chili in this area.
THE EFFECT OF FOOD ACQUISITION OUTSIDE EXPENDITURES ON THE FOOD SECURITY OF CASSAVA (Manihot utilissima) FARMER HOUSE- HOLDS IN WONOGIRI REGENCY Saloka, Gilang Aji; Barokah, Umi; Widadie, Fanny
Agric Vol. 35 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian dan Bisnis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24246/agric.2023.v35.i2.p205-220

Abstract

As the standard of living increases, the orientation of food consumption shifts from fulfilling intake to fulfilling nutrition. The acquisition of sustenance by means other than farming and government aid can enhance nutritional satisfaction, increasing energy consumption as a measure of food security. This study aimed to assess the impact of food acquisition outside expenditure on the food security of cassava farmer households in Wonogiri Regency. The research was conducted in July 2022. The method of analysis was descriptive quantitative with purposive location determination. A representative sample of 80 households was chosen by applying the proportionate allocation formula. Data were collected using 2 x 24-hour Food Recall. The data analysis in this study focused on three key variables: income, the proportion of food spending, and the Wilcoxon test of energy consumption and food security among farmer households. These variables were examined before and after food acquisition from external sources. The results showed that the average monthly income of farmers was Rp4,985,487.00. The proportion of food expenditure amounted to 33.36 percent. Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in energy consumption before and after food acquisition outside expenditure. The food security classification of cassava farmer households before the acquisition of food outside expenditure showed that 21.25 percent were classified as food secure, 15 percent were classified as food susceptible, 52.5 percent as food insecure, and 11.25 percent as severely food insecure. After the additional food outside expenditure, the food security classification increased, with 45 percent classified as food secure, 23.75 percent as food susceptible, 25 percent as food insecure, and 6.25 percent as severely food insecure. This finding demonstrates that food utilization from farming and the Non-Cash Food Assistance (Bantuan et al./BPNT) program positively impacts the food security conditions of cassava farmer households in Wonogiri Regency.
Analysis of broiler chicken meat supply chain in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Erlangga, Aditya Pramudya; Widadie, Fanny; Rahayu, Endang Siti
AGROMIX Vol 16 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v16i2.6110

Abstract

Introduction: The broiler chicken industry plays a vital role in fulfilling the animal protein needs of the people in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. Despite high production levels, challenges in the supply chain remain, particularly in pricing disparities between producers and consumers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the supply chain of broiler chicken meat in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. Methods: A descriptive analytical method was employed, utilizing both primary and secondary data. The analysis uses FSCN (Food Supply Chain Network) framework and performance metrics such as marketing margins and farmer’s share. Data were collected through interviews with 40 farmers and 12 supply chain institutions, supplemented by secondary data from local agencies. Results: Three supply chain channels were identified: Channel 1 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Wholesalers → Retailers → Consumers), Channel 2 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Wholesalers → Consumers), and Channel 3 (Farmers → Partner Companies → Brokers → Retailers → Consumers). Results showed that Channel 2 had the lowest total marketing margin (IDR 11,973/kg) and the highest farmer’s share (61.76%), indicating greater efficiency. Key challenges included price volatility, fragmented coordination, and limited government support. Conclusion: Based on farmer’s share and marketing margin analysis, channel 2 is the most efficient channel. The study recommends comprehensive upgrading strategies, including improving feed quality (product), adopting digital data management (process), and implementing livestock insurance (functional) to enhance supply chain resilience. 
Pelatihan Pertanian Organik pada Lahan Pekarangan dan Pengaplikasian Biopori sebagai Upaya Ketahanan Pangan di Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Gondangrejo Kabupaten Karanganyar Khadafi, Muhammad Sadam; Kurniawan, Muhammad Rizqi; Yudhanta, Muhammad Yanuar; Abdulloh, Muharom Zuhri; Destiaputri, Nabila Maharani; Azalia, Nazhiro; Kirana, Nessa Putri; Furoidah, Nizmah; Saputro, Pratama Galih; Saputri, Rahma Amani; Widadie, Fanny
Sehati Abdimas Vol 7 No 1 (2024): Prosiding Sehati Abdimas 2024
Publisher : PPPM POLTESA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47767/sehati_abdimas.v7i1.911

Abstract

Agriculture plays an important role in maintaining and improving food security. Population growth has consequences for increasing food needs. The problem of national food security is a problem that must be solved together. Solving this problem requires the active role of the community, especially farmer groups through optimization of home yard land. The issues in the community are related to the concept of utilizing yard land, namely the lack of information and preparation of planting media, manure, and utilization of waste and materials in the surrounding environment. Therefore, these problems need to be resolved through community service activities related to optimizing yard utilization and applying bio pores. The methods used in the activities are lectures, reflections, and direct practice. The results show that the typical level of member information before the meeting increased from 26.7% to 96.7% after the socialization of yard land utilization was conducted. In addition, farmers' knowledge regarding the use and application of biopores before the meeting also increased by 10% to 93.3% after the socialization was carried out. Based on the results of the activities that have been carried out, this community service activity can increase the knowledge and skills of farmer group members about the importance of utilizing yard land through the application of organic vegetable cultivation accompanied by the application of bio pores for the utilization of organic waste.
Analisis kinerja desa wisata berbasis pertanian pada berbagai kategori desa wisata di Kabupaten Bantul: Analysis of agricultural-based tourism village performance in various categories of tourism villages in Bantul regency. Handayani, Sugiharti Mulya; Rahayu, Endang Siti; Irianto, Heru; Sundari, Mei Tri; Setyowati; Widadie, Fanny
AGROMIX Vol 14 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35891/agx.v14i1.3225

Abstract

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭-𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘭 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘒𝘦𝘣𝘰𝘯 𝘈𝘨𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘛𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘝𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 (𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦) 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘗𝘶𝘵𝘰𝘯 𝘛𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘝𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 (𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦), 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘺. 𝘌𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘴𝘦𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 30 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘷𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴. 𝘛𝘰 𝘦𝘹𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴, 𝘢𝘯 𝘐𝘗𝘈 (𝘐𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘗𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘈𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴) 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥. 𝘈𝘵𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 (𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨) 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘢 𝘓𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘵 𝘴𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘦. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘐𝘗𝘈 𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘸𝘰 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘢𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥, 𝘴𝘰 𝘪𝘵 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘥. 𝘉𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘐𝘗𝘈 𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘮 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴, 𝘪𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘣𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥. 𝘍𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘸𝘰 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴, 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘶𝘮𝘦𝘳 𝘴𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘴𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘵 𝘴𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘞𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘭𝘸𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘥𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘱 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴, 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘦𝘮𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘔𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦, 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘥𝘰𝘦𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘢𝘶𝘴𝘦 𝘪𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘨𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘨𝘶𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘨𝘦𝘵𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘰𝘳𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘸𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘴𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘳𝘭𝘺. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘸𝘰 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘭 𝘭𝘰𝘸. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘒𝘦𝘣𝘰𝘯 𝘈𝘨𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘶𝘵𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘮 𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘺.
Co-Authors Abdulloh, Muharom Zuhri Adi Sutanto Agum Restu Alam Alam, Agum Restu Alamsyah, Ikhsan Fajar Alvina Damayanti Arista, Aziz Pungky Aryaputra, Fauzan Hadyan Azalia, Nazhiro Azzahrah, Faathimah Bambang Sigit Amanto Destiaputri, Nabila Maharani Dewi Retno Sari S Dimas Rahadian Aji M Dimas Rahadian Aji M Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji Dimas Rahardian AJi Muhammad Eliana Wulandari Endang Siti Rahayu Endang Siti Rahayu Erlangga, Aditya Pramudya Furoidah, Nizmah Harisudin, Mohamad Heru Irianto Heru Irianto Heru Irianto Indra Bagaskara Jabar, Doni Nova Abdul Joko Sutrisno Joko Sutrisno Kartikawati, Herni Khadafi, Muhammad Sadam Kirana, Nessa Putri Kurdhi, Nughtoh Arfawi Kurniawan, Muhammad Rizqi Kusanandar, Kusnandar kusnandar kusnandar Lestari, Retna Dewi Lita Rahmasari Ma’ruf, Ridwan Mei Tri Sundari Mei Tri Sundari Mei Tri Sundari Minar Ferichani Minar Ferichani Muslim, Aditya Fadilla Nughthoh Arfawi Kurdhi, Nughthoh Arfawi Nugroho Arif Sudibyo Nur Her Riyadi Parnanto Nur Heriyadi Parnanto Nur Heriyadi Parnanto Pramudita, Galuh Putri, Vimala Dewi Sakya Rosalia Natalia Seleky, Rosalia Natalia Rubiyanto, Cahyo Wisnu Saloka, Gilang Aji Saputri, Rahma Amani Saputro, Pratama Galih Setyowati Setyowati Setyowati Setyowati Setyowati Singgih Purnomo Sugiharti Mulya Handayani Sugiharti Mulya Handayani Tanjung, Ahmad Hartono umi barokah Yudhanta, Muhammad Yanuar