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All Journal Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Aceh Journal of Animal Science JPT : JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION) Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS (JHI) Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal Jurnal Agrotek Lestari Jurnal Agroplasma Jurnal Abdi Insani Agrica: Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture SELODANG MAYANG Jurnal Agro Indragiri Warta Pengabdian Andalas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengembangan Dan Penerapan Ipteks Andalasian International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences Journal of Science and Technology Jurnal Riset Perkebunan (JRP) Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Andalasian International Journal of Entomology Buletin Dharmas Andalas Agricultural Revolution Journal

Zahlul Ikhsan

Department Of Agroecotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Author-ID : 4394192

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Diversity of Hymenoptera in Indonesian Rice Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review of Species Composition and Ecological Roles Ikhsan, Zahlul
Andalasian International Journal of Entomology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijent.2.2.122-132.2024

Hymenoptera are vital for maintaining ecological balance in rice agroecosystems. These insects provide essential ecosystem services, particularly in biological pest control, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. Despite their importance, the impact of different agricultural practices on Hymenoptera diversity and their ecological roles in Indonesian rice fields remains underexplored. This systematic review aims to assess the diversity and ecological functions of Hymenoptera in Indonesian rice agroecosystems, evaluate their contributions to natural pest suppression, and examine how various management practices, including organic farming and Integrated Pest Management (IPM), affect Hymenoptera populations. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting Hymenoptera species diversity, ecological roles, and the effects of different rice farming practices. Data on species composition, pest suppression rates, and management practices were synthesized and analyzed using statistical methods, including regression and ANOVA.The findings reveal significant variation in Hymenoptera diversity across regions, with organic and IPM practices supporting higher species richness than conventional methods. A strong positive correlation was found between Hymenoptera diversity and pest suppression rates, particularly during the reproductive stage of rice growth. Parasitoids and predators played dominant roles in controlling key rice pests.Conserving Hymenoptera diversity through sustainable farming practices is crucial for reducing chemical inputs, improving pest control, and enhancing the resilience of rice agroecosystems. Future agricultural strategies should integrate biodiversity-friendly practices to ensure long-term sustainability in rice production.

Insect Diversity in Siam Citrus Plantations (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in Sungkai, Padang City, Indonesia Hidrayani; Tuty Hardianti; Yunisman; Ikhsan, Zahlul; Moustafa Mohamed Sabry Bakry
Andalasian International Journal of Entomology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijent.3.1.48-60.2025

Insect diversity in plantations is crucial for understanding the ecological roles of each species and managing pest-related issues. This study aimed to assess the diversity of insects in Siam citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) plantations in Sungkai, Padang City, Indonesia, focusing on the implications for pest management. A survey was conducted in the Siam citrus plantation, categorizing sampling sites into three groups based on the distance from the forest (20, 40, and 60 m from the forest). Insect samples were collected by spraying the plants with insecticides, hand-picking, and trapping insects on a white cloth. The results showed that the number of insect species found at the sites was 19, 18, and 12 at 20, 40, and 60 m from the forest, respectively. The species identified included Bractocera spp., Toxoptera sp., Aphis gossypii, Bothrogonia sp., Planococcus citri, Sanurus sp., Rhynchocoris humeralis, Conocephalus sp., and Valanga nigricornis as pests, and Blattella sp., Hemithyrsocera sp., Coccinella transversalis, Nylanderia sp., Polyrhachis sp., Dolichoderus sp., Anoplolepis gracilipes, Hierodula sp., and Hierodula sp1 as predators, with Lasioglossum sp. identified as a pollinator. The species diversity at each site was categorized as medium, with diversity index values of 2.10, 2.07, and 1.95, respectively. Species evenness was categorized as high, with index values of 0.71, 0.72, and 0.78, respectively. This study provides valuable data on the pest and predator populations in citrus plantations, which can inform sustainable pest management strategies to improve crop health and productivity.

Identification and Spatial Mapping of Termite Species Distribution in Oil Palm Plantations in Timpeh Subdistrict, Dharmasraya Regency, Indonesia Alvin Niqmatull Akbar; Sri Heriza; Ikhsan, Zahlul
Andalasian International Journal of Entomology Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijent.3.2.134-143.2025

Termites are one of the organisms that have the potential to reduce oil palm productivity, so it is necessary to identify the species and map their distribution to support more effective and sustainable management. This study was conducted to identify termite species and map their distribution in oil palm plantations in Timpeh District, Dharmasraya Regency, Indonesia. This study used a survey method with purposive sampling based on several criteria, including the presence of plant attack symptoms, air humidity ≥ 60%, the presence of rotten wood, the presence of termite nests, and the sampling location was selected in oil palm plantation areas located on the edge of local roads at a distance of about 0-15 meters. The termite samples obtained were identified morphologically using a microscope and identification keys. Termite distribution mapping was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 software, while the relationship between termite presence and environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, and humidity) was analyzed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The results showed that there were six termite species in Timpeh Subdistrict, namely Macrotermes gilvus, Coptotermes curvignathus, Pericapritermes mohri, Dicuspiditermes nemorosus, Nasutitermes longinasus, and Termes propinquus. The species M. gilvus has the widest distribution throughout the subdistrict and is not significantly influenced by environmental factors, but rather by its high adaptability. Meanwhile, the other species have a more limited distribution and tend to be influenced by factors such as humidity, light intensity, and the availability of organic material. The mapping results provide a crucial basis for determining priority areas for control and termite management strategies in oil palm plantations, enabling more effective and efficient approaches to be implemented.

Land Suitability Evaluation for Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) in Nagari Labuah Gunuang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Syahputri, Rispiza; Ikhsan, Zahlul; Rezki, Dewi
Jurnal Riset Perkebunan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Riset Perkebunan (JRP)
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrp.6.2.104-118.2025

An evaluation of the suitability of land for sugar palm cultivation was conducted to assess the land's ability to support maximum growth and production. Palm cultivation in Nagari Labuah Gunuang, Limapuluh Kota Regency, has not been optimal because the plants still grow wild without regard to land suitability. This study aims to determine the actual and potential land suitability classes and map land suitability for palm cultivation development. This study employed a field survey using the purposive sampling method on four land units, with sample point criteria selected based on overlay results and representing each land map unit. Additionally, soil sampling was conducted at a depth of 0–60 cm, followed by laboratory analysis. Land suitability was evaluated using a matching method that matched land characteristics with the requirements for palm tree growth. Spatial analysis was then performed using ArcGIS software to produce a land suitability map. The results showed that land suitability classes in Nagari Labuah Gunuang varied. Land units 1 and 4 were classified as unsuitable because they had a slope of more than 40%, while land units 2 and 3 were classified as marginally suitable with a slope of 15–25%. The main limiting factor on land units 2 and 3 is the risk of erosion. After improvement measures such as terrace construction and planting of ground cover crops, the potential suitability class of land units 2 and 3 can be upgraded to moderately suitable. The development of sugar palm cultivation in Nagari Labuah Gunuang can be carried out on land units 2 and 3.

Diversity and Composition of Hymenoptera Around Tidal Swamp Rice In Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia Zahlul Ikhsan; Aulia Oktavia
Andalasian International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) Vol. 2 No. 02 (2021)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian, Universitas Andalas

Pest attacks on rice plants can cause a detrimental decrease in production. Hymenoptera has many important roles in ecosystems, including as parasitoids and predators of pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Hymenoptera around tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Indonesia. Sampling used four traps, namely: 1) swing net; 2) yellow pan trap; 3) malaise trap; and 4) pitfall traps. The analysis was carried out by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), the Pielou species evenness index (J). Hymenoptera found around tidal swamp rice areas of Indragiri Hilir Regency were 15.253 Hymenoptera insects consisting of 11 superfamilies, 37 families, and 304 morphospecies. Hymenoptera parasitoid had the highest diversity index value (4,80), followed by Hymenoptera pollinator (3,13) and Hymenoptera predator (3,11). The number of species of Hymenoptera parasitoid, pollinator, and predator obtained was 243; 31 and 76 species. The high diversity of Hymenoptera around tidal agricultural land optimizes its ecological role in the rice plantation ecosystem.

Interactive effects of Rhizobacteria for Managing Spodoptera exigua on Shallot Plants (Allium cepa Linnaeus) under Field Conditions Hidrayani Hidrayani; Nurbailis Nurbailis; Fitri Yeni; Zahlul Ikhsan
Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jpt.8.1.12-20.2024

Spodoptera exigua is the primary pest attacking shallot plants from the vegetative to the generative phase. Yield loss caused by S. exigua attack can reach 57%. Rhizobacteria have been known to be used as biocontrol agents for controlling insect pests. The research objectives were to determine and compare the effectiveness of Yuyaos and BPTPH rhizobacteria formula (Bacillus sp.) in suppressing the attack of S. exigua on shallot-growing areas. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) of 3 treatments and five replications. The treatment consisted of shallot seedlings treated with two types of rhizobacteria (Yuyaos and BPTPH) and water (without rhizobacteria) as control before planting. Beneficial effects of the rhizobacteria on shallot plants were observed in the following variables, including the development of the S. exigua population, damage level of S. exigua, and shallot growth. The results showed that introducing Yuyaos rhizobacteria (RZ2.1AG1, Bacillus thuringiensis), which originated from the rhizosphere of the chili plant, was the best way to protect shallot plants from S.exigua. Effectively reduced the population of S.exigua (78.90%), leaf damage (62.12%), and damage intensity (38.88%). On the other hand, Yuyaos was also influential in increasing tuber growth (11.11%), plant height (43.29%), number of leaves (58.33%), and number of tillers (22.22%).

Population Abundance and Infestation Intensity of Helopeltis theivora (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Cocoa Plantations of Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Indonesia Zahlul Ikhsan; Ade Rizki Bustiar; Yaherwandi
Andalasian International Journal of Entomology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijent.4.1.77-86.2026

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a key tropical commodity whose productivity is significantly constrained by insect pests, particularly mirid bugs such as Helopeltis theivora. This study aimed to quantify the population abundance and infestation intensity of H. theivora and to analyze their association with agroecosystem management practices in cocoa plantations of Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Field surveys were conducted across six villages using purposive site selection followed by random sampling of plants. Pest populations were assessed through chemical knockdown and manual collection, while infestation levels were determined using standard percentage and intensity indices. A total of 206 individuals were recorded, with nymphs (63.6%) dominating the population structure. Pest abundance ranged from 0.05 to 0.35 individuals per stem. Infestation levels varied significantly across locations, with the highest infestation percentage (51.76%) and intensity (41.13%) observed in poorly managed plantations, while the lowest values (35.89% and 31.88%) occurred in well-maintained systems. Variations in pest dynamics were strongly associated with differences in sanitation, pruning, and pesticide application. The findings highlight the critical role of agroecological management and natural enemy conservation in regulating H. theivora populations. This study provides an empirical basis for developing location-specific integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to enhance cocoa productivity in tropical agroecosystems.

EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT DARI TANAMAN KOPI SOLOK RADJO, SUMATERA BARAT Diana Putri; Arifda Ayu Swastini Waruwu; Sri Heriza; Zahlul Ikhsan
AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Agriculture Faculty of Flores University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37478/agr.v19i1.6901

Endophytic bacteria in a plant tissue do not cause disturbance or damage to the plant. Phytohormones produced by endophytic bacteria can increase plant growth and function as antimicrobials. The study aims to explore, select, and characterize the morphology of endophytic bacteria originating from the stems and roots of coffee plants from Solok Radjo. Morphological observations were carried out after obtaining a single isolate of endophytic bacteria, then a Gram test with 3% KOH and a hypersensitive reaction test on water henna plants were carried out to determine the pathogenicity of the endophytic bacteria. A total of 35 isolates were obtained from the isolation results, namely 23 isolates from the stem and 12 isolates from the roots. The results of morphological observations of endophytic bacterial colonies on Nutrient Agar (NA) media were dominated by irregular colony shapes, smooth and shiny surfaces, flat elevations, and yellowish-white colony colors. Gram testing with 3% KOH obtained 17 isolates classified as Gram-positive and 18 isolates as Gram-negative. Hypersensitive observations that showed symptoms of necrosis (positive reaction) were 19 isolates, and no symptoms of necrosis (negative reaction) were 16 isolates.

Dynamics of Phosphorus Sorption and Desorption in Ultisols Ameliorated with Humic Substances from Potential Ameliorants Amsar Maulana; Dewi Rezki; Irwan Darfis; Zahlul Ikhsan; Herviyanti Herviyanti
Agricultural Revolution Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Agricultural Revolution Journal
Publisher : CIB Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64570/agrivolution.v1i2.32

Ultisols have a very high P sorption capacity, which limits the availability of P to plants. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the P sorption-desorption mechanism after humic substances (HS) amelioration to improve fertilizer efficiency and land productivity. This study has examined the complexity of phosphorus fixation and the potential of HS in modifying the surface charge of Ultisols. This study used the batch equilibrium method and the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model approaches. Meanwhile, the surface charge characteristics of Ultisols, amended with humic substances (HS) from various potential ameliorants (control, HS-chicken manure, HS-black soldier fly, HS-wet decanter solid, and HS-peat), were evaluated using a completely randomized design with three replications. The HS from potential ameliorants significantly increases pH, PZC, electrical conductivity (EC), mineral and organic matter composition, CEC, and reduces potential redox (Eh), thereby increasing the soil's negative charge and buffering capacity. The HS—wet decanter solid and chicken manure were most effective, as they were proven to remove Al-exchange to unmeasurable levels through strong complexation between Al³⁺ and carboxylate and phenolic groups. The HS—wet decanter solid and chicken manure also drastically reduce P sorption and increase desorption through ligand competition and blocking of Al/Fe reactive sites, which resulted in increased P availability up to >600 mg kg-1 P2O5 at a concentration of 1000 mg L-1 P or 2290 mg kg⁻¹ P₂O₅ or 6.37g SP-36 per liter or 6.37 kg SP-36 per hectare for an application volume of 1,000 liters per hectare.

The Effect of Volcano Ash and Goat Manure on The Growth of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Seedlings Wivo Tiara Novio; Adrinal; Zahlul Ikhsan
Jurnal Riset Perkebunan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Riset Perkebunan (JRP)
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrp.7.1.37-50.2026

Increasing the production of robusta coffee plants (Coffea canephora) can begin with selecting quality seeds. Improving seed quality can be done through fertilization using ameliorants and organic materials. Volcanic ash and goat manure are ameliorants and organic materials used in improving the planting medium. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: volcanic ash (25, 50, 75 g/polybag) and goat manure (15, 30, 45 g/polybag). The results of this study showed an interaction between volcanic ash and goat manure on the growth in height, shoot dry weight, and the root crown ratio of robusta coffee seedlings. The application of volcanic ash affects plant height, stem diameter, and the root crown ratio of robusta coffee seedlings. The application of goat manure affected plant height, leaf number, and the root-to-shoot ratio of Robusta coffee seedlings. The best ratio was 50 g volcanic ash per polybag and 45 g goat manure per polybag, which optimally increased the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings compared to other treatments. These results indicate that using volcanic ash with goat manure can be an effective alternative organic fertilizer to support coffee seedling growth and improve the fertility of the growing medium.

Co-Authors . Herviyanti . Reflinaldon Adam Jorli Wong Adam Jorli Wong Ade Rizki Bustiar administrator admin Adrinal Alfala Hakiki Alvin Niqmatull Akbar Amsar Maulana Anwar, Aswaldi Ardi Ardi Arifda Ayu Swastini Waruwu Astuti Kurnianingsih Aulia Oktavia Aulia Oktavia Aulia Oktavia Aulia Oktavia Azahar, Nuráin Dandy Ahamefula Osibe Dede Suhendra Delci Ariani Jasrani Deni Andisca Deni Andisca Dewi Rezki Dewi Rezki Dewi, Yulia Diana Putri Duma Putri Tama Edwin Edwin Edwin Edwin Edwin Edwin Eka Candra Lina Ekon Noper Nandes Elfi Yenny Yusuf Erise Anggraini Erise Anggraini, Erise Fadilla Ratib Fitri Yeni Hakiki, Alfala Halimatus Syahdia Hasibuan Hasmiandy Hamid Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Hidrayani Indra Dwipa Intan Sari Intan Sari Irwan Darfis Irwin Mirza Umami Karjunita, Nike Kurniawati, Sholih Lailatun Najmi Marlin Sefrila Meisilva Erona Sitepu Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati Moustafa Mohamed Sabry Bakry Muhammad Al-Ikhlas Muhammad Parikesit Wisnubroto Munzir Busniah Nofialdi, Nofialdi Nofrita Sandi Nordin, Nor Aisyah NOVRI NELLY Nurbailis Nurbailis Nurwijayanti Oktavia, Aulia Pradetia, Pradetia Purnama Devi Purnama Devi Putri, Nurweni Ratib, Fadilla Reflin Reflin Reza Tania Rina, Iswan Riyanti, Tia Ellisa Rizky Nanda Meilia Rosli , Muhamad Najmi Haikal Roza Yunita Rusdimansyah Rusdimansyah Rusdimansyah Safitri, Aisyah Sahra Wardi Salleh, Suhaida Schmidt, Stefan Sholih Kurniawati Sholih Kurniawati Sianturi, Willy Friddo Simbiring, Riki Suranta Sinaga, Tessia Masnita Siska Efendi Siti Hartati Yusida Saragih Siti Hilalliyah Sri Heriza Sri Wahyuni Stefan Schmidt Suryadi Suryadi Sutini Sutini Syahputri, Rispiza Tasari, Nurmelia Tata Sadori Teddy Alfandi Teddy Alfandi Tuty Hardianti UJANG KHAIRUL Varella Zahra Wan Ahmad Kamal, Wan Halimah As-Sa’adiah Willy Friddo Sianturi Winarto Winarto Winda Purnama Sari Wivo Tiara Novio Wulan Kumala Sari Yaherwandi Yudi Triyanto Yulia Dewi Yulistriani, Yulistriani Yunisman Yunisman, Yunisman Yusniwati Yusniwati Yusof, Mohd Termizi Zinatal Hayati

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