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Beniharmoni Harefa
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Rechtsidee

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Criminal Liability for Child Grooming Operational Patterns in Mobile Legends Online Gaming Fachri, Amanda Maharani; Harefa, Beniharmoni
Rechtsidee Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jihr.v13i2.1089

Abstract

General Background—The rapid expansion of digital interactive spaces has intensified risks of non-physical sexual violence against children, particularly through online gaming platforms; Specific Background—Mobile Legends, one of Indonesia’s most popular multiplayer games, offers communication features that have been exploited by perpetrators to conduct child grooming through gradual trust-building and manipulation; Knowledge Gap—Indonesian criminal law does not explicitly regulate child grooming as a standalone offense, creating uncertainty in attributing criminal liability at pre-physical stages; Aims—This study analyzes the criminal liability of child grooming perpetrators operating through Mobile Legends within the framework of Indonesian law; Results—Using a normative juridical method, the study finds that perpetrators’ actions satisfy the elements of actus reus and mens rea under existing statutes, including child protection, electronic information, and sexual violence laws, even without physical contact; Novelty—The research integrates criminal liability theory with empirically identified grooming patterns in online gaming environments, emphasizing accountability at the preparatory and psychological manipulation stages; Implications—The findings suggest that while current laws can substantively address digital child grooming through systematic interpretation, effective enforcement requires enhanced digital forensic capacity, child-centered reporting mechanisms, and stronger collaboration with game platform providers to ensure comprehensive child protection in the digital era. Highlights: Digital Modus Operandi — Child grooming in Mobile Legends occurs through staged psychological manipulation using in-game and external communication features. Legal Accountability — Even without physical contact, grooming actions fulfill actus reus and mens rea under Indonesian child protection, ITE, and TPKS laws. Regulatory Urgency — The absence of explicit grooming provisions highlights the need for clearer norms and stronger digital law enforcement mechanisms. Keywords: Child Grooming, Online Gaming, Criminal Liability, Digital Sexual Violence, Indonesian Law
Co-Authors Abdul Kholib Abdul Kholiq Achmad, Nazilah Adiatma Nugroho Al-Fahad, Hamad Faisal Alfian Mahendra Alifa, Virgie Kesfian Andi Jefri Ardin Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono Annisa Carolin Ardin, Andi Jefri Aura Islami, Diajeng Dhea Annisa Ayu Astari, Sindi Azzizah, Khoerina Bambang Waluyo Bambang Waluyo Carissa Nuramallia Prihatna Christian Goklas Citraresmi Widoretno Putri Cornelius, Arilasman Fachri, Amanda Maharani Fernando, Zico Junius Fibriana, Ainur Firdha Sifana Garry, Garry Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Handoyo Prasetyo Hartono, Teguh Humana, Sri I Putu Sastra Wibawa Indrirarosa, Martina Islami, Diajeng Dhea Annisa Aura Jeanny Anggita Fitriyani Juniawaty, Tata Adela Kinanti Alysha Putri Haryanto Kinanti Puput Septiana Laksmana Triwiraputra, Ega Larasati, Raden Roro Permata Dewi Lieni Eprencia Bunga Sitompul Maharani, Asari Suci Mahrus Ali Manurung, Karina Hasiyanni Maria Yohana Muhammad Aulia Farhan Muhammad, Faiz Emery Nafaya Ramadhani Bidari Nazli Bin Ismail Nefrisa Adlina Maaruf Novyana, Hilda NurAfni NurAfni Nurasiah, Mita Nurul Bazroh Poerwoko Hadi Sasmito Prabowo, M Shidqon Prameswari, Athalie Aisyah Putri Tamara Amardhotillah Putri, Maria Sylvia Raya Waruwu, Riki Perdana Ridwansyah, Naufal Nabiil Riyanto Riyanto Said, Fathya Sofia Salma Agustina Salma Agustina Sanjaya, Aditya Wiguna Sasmito, Poerwoko Hadi Satino Skandiva, Razananda Subakdi Suherman Supardi Supardi Supardi Suyanto, Heru Thoriq, Ahmad Reihan Tomi Gumilang, Singgih Tsabitha Afnan Putri Wahyudhi Wahdah, Azzhara Nikita Witasya Aurelia Sulaeman Yohana Damayanti Br Kaban Yuliana Yuli W Yuliana Yuli Wahyuningsih