Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 24 Documents
Search

EFEKTIFITAS MASASE TERAPI CEDERA OLAHRAGA TERHADAP NYERI TUMIT DAN NYERI OTOT TIBIALIS PADA ATLET FUTSAL SMA NEGERI 1 CIAMIS Aap Subhan Sa’roni; Ali Satia Graha
MEDIKORA Vol 18, No 2 (2019): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (516.244 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/medikora.v18i2.29197

Abstract

Olahraga futsal merupakan olahraga yang berintensitas tinggi yang ditandai dengan adanya aktivitas berlari secara berulang- ulang dengan waktu yang relatif lama sehingga beresiko cedera pada kaki. Gangguan nyeri tumit dan nyeri otot tibialis banyak terjadi pada pemain futsal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas masase terapi cedera olahraga terhadap nyeri tumit dan nyeri otot tibialis pada atlet futsal SMA Negeri 1 Ciamis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Pre-Experimental dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pemain ektrakurikuler futsal SMAN Negeri 1 Ciamis. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 30 orang diantaranya 15 orang mengalami keluhan nyeri tumit dan 15 orang mengalami keluhan nyeri otot tibialis. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah derajat nyeri tumit da nyeri otot tibialis sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Teknik analisi data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji prasyarat dengan menggunakan uji normalitas menggunakan metode Kolmogrof-Smirnof dan Shafiro-walk, uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Levane Test, dan di analisis dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan Paired Sample t-Test untuk menjawab hipotesis yang diajukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masase terapi cedera olahraga efektif terhadap penurunan rasa nyeri tumit dan nyeri otot tibialis pada atlet futsal SMA Negeri 1 Ciamis. Penelitian ini menjukan adanya perbedaan rata-rata nilai nyeri antara nyeri pada sebelum perlakuan (pretest) dan sesudah perlakuan (posttest). THE EFFECTIVITY OF THERAPY MASSAGE FOR SPORT INJURY TOWARD HEEL AND MUSCLE TIBIALIS PAIN IN ONE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (CIAMIS) FUTSAL ATHLETES AbstractFutsal is a high-intensity sport that is characterized by the activity of running repeatedly with a relatively long period of time so tend to induce risk of injury inside feet. Heel pain and tibial muscle pain are commonly injuries of futsal players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of massage therapy for sports injuries to heel pain and tibial muscle pain in futsal athletes of SMA Negeri 1 Ciamis. This research is a Pre-Experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were futsal extracurricular players of SMAN Negeri 1 Ciamis. The sampling technique using Purposive Sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to obtain a sample of 30 people including 15 people experiencing complaints of heel pain and 15 people experiencing complaints of tibial muscle pain. Data collected was the degree of heel pain and tibial muscle pain before and after treatment. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and prerequisite tests using the normality test using the Kolmogrof-Smirnof and Shafiro-walk methods, homogeneity tests using the Levane Test, and analyzed with the hypothesis test using Paired Sample t-Test to answer the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that massage therapy for sports injuries was effective in decreasing heel pain and tibial muscle pain in futsal athletes of SMA Negeri 1 Ciamis. This research shows that there is a difference in the average value of pain between pain before and after the treatment (posttest).
METODE LATIHAN CIRCUIT TRAINING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA TAHAN OTOT LENGAN & AKURASI MEMANAH Betrix Teofa Perkasa Wibafied Billy Yachsie; Suharjana Suharjana; Ali Satia Graha; Siis Suhasto
Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga Vol 10, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/jpo.v10i2.2790

Abstract

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan circuit traning atas hasil daya tahan otot lengan dan akurasi memanah atlet panahan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperiment kuantitatif dengan design penelitian one grup pretest posttes design . Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 atlet. Sampel di tentukan menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 12 atlet yang di beri treatment sebanyak 16x pertemuan. Instrumen yang digunakan test daya tahan otot lengan dan scoring memanah jarak 50m. Data yang terkumpul akan di uji normalitas menggunakan teknik Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji homogenitas memakaiuji Levene Test Wilk . Uji hipotesis menggunakan teknik uji-t bahwa t hitung = -0,10 lebih kecil dari t (0,05) (12) = 2,22 pada taraf signifikansi 0,08 % sehingga tingkat kebermaknaan Hipotesis nul (Ho) diterima. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan, (a) terdapat peningkatan daya tahan otot lengan pada atlet panahan Kabupaten Banyumas setelah melakukan latian; (b) terdapat peningkatan latihan circuit traning pada hasil akurasi memanah atlet panahan Kabupaten Banyumas setelah melakukan latihan. Oleh karena itu dengan diberikan latihan circuit traning dapat dijadikan alternatif latihan fisik.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan E-Modul Personalized System of Instruction pada Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Jasmani Agung Widodo; Djoko Pekik Irianto; Ali Satia Graha; Yudanto Yudanto; Tonang Juniarta; Bachtiar Bachtiar
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Departement of Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences Yogyakarta State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jpji.v18i1.49006

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mendisrupsi dunia pendidikan yang mengakibatkan terjadinya migrasi pembelajaran luring menjadi daring. Situasi ini menjadikan tantangan tersendiri bagi pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani dan kebutuhan guru terhadap modul elektronik berbasis model pembelajaran Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) pada pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner elektronik via Google Form yang dibagikan kepada guru-guru anggota Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) PJOK Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Kabupaten Klaten sebagai responden. Sebanyak 61 responden menjawab dan mengisi kuesioner secara lengkap antara tanggal 7-14 Oktober 2021. Hasil survei menunjukkan tiga temuan yaitu: (1) Kondisi pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani belum efektif di masa pandemi Covid-19. Guru mengalami kendala dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani secara daring. (2) Dibutuhkan e-modul sebagai bahan pembelajaran untuk siswa secara mandiri di rumah. (3) Dibutuhkan penerapan model pembelajaran Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) dalam pembelajaran daring pendidikan jasmani. Model pembelajaran PSI diyakini tepat dan efektif sebagai model pembelajaran mandiri. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the world of education resulting in the migration of offline learning to online. This situation makes it a challenge for Physical Education learning. This study aims to examine the conditions of physical education online learning and the teacher's needs for electronic modules based on the Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) learning model in physical education online learning. This study uses a survey method. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire via Google Form which was distributed to teachers who are members of the Teacher Deliberation Forum for Junior High School Physical Education in Klaten Regency as respondents. A total of 61 respondents answered and filled out the questionnaire completely between October 7-14, 2021. The survey results showed three findings, namely: (1) The condition of online learning for physical education has not been effective during the Covid-19 pandemic. Teachers experience problems in implementing online physical education learning. (2) E-modules are needed as learning materials for students independently at home. (3) It is necessary to apply the Personalized System of Instructions (PSI) learning model in physical education online learning. The PSI learning model is believed to be appropriate and effective as an independent learning model.
Interest and motivation of Indonesian and Malay students in the implementation of sports injury therapeutic massage Ali Satia Graha; Kamal Bin Talib; Rina Yuniana; Martono Martono; Krisnanda Dwi Apriyanto; Satya Perdana
Jurnal Keolahragaan Vol 10, No 2: September 2022
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keolahragaan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jk.v10i2.51953

Abstract

This study was to find out the impact of interest and motivation of Indonesian and Malay students on implementation of management of minor post-Sports injury therapeutic massage. It was a descriptive-qualitative and descriptive quantitative mixed study with survey method. Conducted in 2021 in the Faculty of Sports Science of Yogyakarta State University. Total participans 68 students involved 50 Indonesian students and 18 Malay students. Used linkert scale instrument with modified questionnaire of interest, motivation and implementation, r-count r-table (0.235) and alpha chronbach of 0.655. The results of the study showed that: the interest of the students in the management of the injury was very low (2 students or 3%), low (21 students or 31%), high (42 students or 60%), and very high (4 students or 6%); the motivation of the students in the management of the injury was very low (3 students or 4%), low (25 students or 37%), and high (36 students or 53%), and very high (4 students or 6%); impact of the implementation of the Sports injury management by the students was very low (3 students or 4%), low (34 students or 50%), high (23 students or 34%), and very high (8 students or 12%). Concluded that the interest and the motivation was influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could influence learning result, while the learning result could be found out in the implementation. It was necessary to organize hard skill learning using repetitive method consistent with stimulus-response theoretical perspective.
Trend Penelitian Cedera dalam Dunia Pendidikan Olahraga di Indonesia: dari Desain Penelitian hingga Analisis Data Ali Satia Graha
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Departement of Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences Yogyakarta State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jpji.v17i2.57431

Abstract

Cedera dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kondisi psikis, fisik dan bahkan hasil belajar siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memotret penelitian cedera dalam Pendidikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis konten (content analysis) terhadap sejumlah artikel yang terdapat pada data base Science and Technology Index (SINTA) yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2014 hingga 2021 dengan fokus kajian utama adalah tentang cedera dalam dunia pendidikan. Jumlah artikel diperoleh total 27 dan kemudian menjadi 17 berdasarkan dari instrument yang digunakan.  Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modifikasi pedoman analisis isi yang memuat aspek-aspek terkait 1) jumlah publikasi, 2) jenis penelitian, 3) subjek penelitian, 4) insntrumen penelitian dan 5) analisis data (Fauzi Pradipta, 2018). Studi saat ini mengungkapkan bahwa dalam satu tahun terakhir, jumlah publikasi yang berfokus pada cedera dalam dunia pendidikan mengalami peningkatan. Survey merupakan desain penelitian yang dominan digunakan. Kelompok siswa paling banyak digunakan sebagai subjek penelitian. Instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan adalah pemberian test dengan metode analisis data secara diskriptif. Sehubungan dengan temuan penelitian ini, beberapa rekomendasi diajukan untuk penelitian dikemudian antara lain meningkatkan jumlah publikasi dengan topik cedera dalam dunia Pendidikan, pemilihan keberagaman jenis penelitian dan melakukan pemilihan teknik analisis data yang lebih tepat dengan menyertakan validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen penelitian serta perlu memperhatikan kode etik dan perilaku peneliti (KEKPP). Injuries could have bad impact on students’ psychological and physical condition and even their studying results. The study aimed at portraying the studies of the injuries at sport education in Indonesia. It used qualitative approach and content analysis of a number of articles in Science and Technology Index’s (SINTA’s) database published in the period of 2014-2022 and focused especially on the injuries in educational sphere. There were totally 27 articles and 17 articles based on the instruments they used. The instrument used in the study was modified following content analysis guideline that included the aspects of 1) the number of publications, 2) the types of studies, 3) the subjects of studies, 4) the instruments of studies, and 5) data analysis (Fauzi Pradipta, 2018). It found out that in the last year there was an increase in the number of the publications focusing on the injuries in educational sphere. Survey represented dominant study design. Group of students was the most common subjects of studies. The most common instrument was test with descriptive data analysis method. Concerning the findings of the study, some recommendation were made for future studies such as increasing the number of publications with the topic of the injuries in educational sphere, using more diverse types of studies and choosing more proper data analysis technique with study instrument validity and reliability and also complying with researchers’ ethical and behavioral codes (REBC).
The implementation of sport learning at school: Reality and Injury Ali Satia Graha; Sumaryanto Sumaryanto; Sumaryanti Sumaryanti; Novita Intan Arovah; Rizki Mulyawan
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Vol 42, No 2 (2023): Cakrawala Pendidikan (June 2023)
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/cp.v42i2.53754

Abstract

A good sport learning planning could minimize injury risk in sports learning. The study aimed at finding out the preparation process of sport learning planning and the number of injury cases. It used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. It was conducted in April-October 2022 at junior high schools in the Special District of Yogyakarta. Its samples were drawn from 20,401 students and 33 physical, sports, and health education teachers using a random sampling technique that gave 400 samples (171 males and 229 females). The validity test of the student questionnaire gave r-count r-table (0.235) and alpha Cronbach of 0.928 0.655, while the validity test of the teacher questionnaire gave r-count r-table (0.344) and alpha Cronbach of 0.737 0.655. Results: There were 158 students (39.50%) who got cervical vertebrae injuries, 193 students (48.25%) who got shoulder injuries, 133 students (33.25%) who got elbow injuries, 182 students (45.50%) who got wrist injuries, 163 students (40.75%) who got finger injury, 198 students (49.50%) who got waist injury, 170 students (42.50%) who got pelvis injury, 202 students (50.50%) who got knee injury, 170 students (42.50%) who got ankle injury, and 165 students (41.25%) who got toe injury. Concerning sports learning planning, there were 2 teachers (6.1%) who never planned sports learning, 8 teachers (24.2%) who rarely planned it, 13 teachers (39.4%) who occasionally planned it, 9 teachers (27.3%) who often planned, and 1 teacher (3.0%) who always planned it. Conclusion: Knee injury was the most common one and teachers have not well-planned sport learning. It was necessary to conduct further study of the correlation between sports learning planning and the injury
Manfaat terapi pijat pada keluhan gerakan sendi di antara karyawan front-screen selama pandemi covid-19 Ali Satia Graha; Farid Imam Nurhadi; Zanzabil Adwa Fitrian; Sabda Hussain As shafi
MEDIKORA Vol 22, No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/medikora.v22i1.60437

Abstract

Penggunaan smartphone, laptop, dan PC dalam posisi ergonomis yang tidak tepat selama wabah Covid-19 di Indonesia meningkatkan risiko gejala muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi pijat dengan teknik manipulasi, kombinasi effleurage dan friction ditambah traksi serta reposisi sendi terhadap keluhan gerak sendi pekerja di depan layar selama pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental dengan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pusat layanan terapi pijat di Plaza UNY. Subjek penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling (kriteria), dan diperoleh 200 orang (n=200) sebagai sampel. Jumlah populasi diperoleh menggunakan rumus Lemeshow. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengukur ROM (Range of Motion) menggunakan goniometer. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 26, meliputi deskripsi data, uji normalitas menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov kemudian dilanjutkan dengan melakukan uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Leene, dan pengujian hipotesis berupa uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata variabel eksperimen dengan perlakuan lebih signifikan daripada variabel kontrol dan menunjukkan nilai sig 0,05, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara kedua kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Disimpulkan bahwa terapi pijat mempengaruhi pemulihan pekerja layar dari gangguan sendi.The benefits of massage therapy on joint movement complaints among front-screen employees during the covid-19 pandemicAbstractUtilizing smartphones, laptops, and PCs in an inappropriate ergonomic position during the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia increases the risk of musculoskeletal symptoms. This study aims to determine the effect of massage therapy with manipulation techniques, a combination of effleurage and friction plus traction and repositioning of joints on complaints of joint motion of front screen workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a control group. This research was conducted at the massage therapy service center at Plaza UNY. The subject was determined using a purposive sampling technique (criteria), and 200 (n=200) were obtained as samples. The selection is obtained from a population using the Lemeshow formula. The instrument used in this study was to measure ROM (Range of Motion) using a goniometer. Data analysis in this study was carried out using SPSS version 26, including data description, normality test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test then proceed with homogeneity test using the Leene test, and hypothesis testing in the form of the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the average value of the experimental variable with treatment was more significant than the control variable and showed a sig value 0.05, it shows that there was a difference between the two experimental groups and the control group. It was concluded that massage therapy affects screen workers' recovery from joint disorders.
Effect of elderly fitness exercise combined with Surya Namaskar Yoga on the youngest and middle old’ body mass index and physical fitness Desy Yunita Utami; Sumaryanti Sumaryanti; Novita Intan Arovah; Ali Satia Graha; Wawan Sundawan Suherman; Febriansyah Hendra Lukmana Putra
Jurnal Keolahragaan Vol 11, No 2: September 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keolahragaan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jk.v11i2.52401

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a combination of fitness exercise for the elderly and Suryanamaskar yoga on body mass index and physical fitness of youngest and middle old  in Mojolaban District. This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The research population is the elderly in Mojolaban District. Sampling was done by purposive sampling from 42 elderly integrated healthcare center members. All samples followed the treatment with a frequency of 4x/week for 24 meetings, light intensity (DN elderly 96-112x/minute), 35 minutes. Then measured BMI with the formula Weight (kg)/Height (m2) and physical fitness was measured by the senior fitness test. Normality test using Shapiro Wilk followed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of the study based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for the youngest old, the pre-test value of 24.1538 ± SD 4.75014 decreased to 23.8381 ± SD 4.69895 in the post-test with a p-value of 0.01 in the BMI variable. The pre-test value of 10.05 ± SD 1.287 increased to 10.79 ± SD 1.554 in the post-test with a p-value of 0.001 on the physical fitness value variable. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for the middle old obtained a p-value of 0.012 for the BMI variable and a p-value of 0.046 for the physical fitness value variable. It can be concluded that there is a decrease in the BMI of the youngest and middle old, as well as an increase in the physical fitness value of the youngest and middle old.
METODE LATIHAN CIRCUIT TRAINING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA TAHAN OTOT LENGAN & AKURASI MEMANAH Betrix Teofa Perkasa Wibafied Billy Yachsie; Suharjana Suharjana; Ali Satia Graha; Siis Suhasto
Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): December: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/jpo.v10i2.2790

Abstract

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan circuit traning atas hasil daya tahan otot lengan dan akurasi memanah atlet panahan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperiment kuantitatif dengan design penelitian one grup pretest posttes design . Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 atlet. Sampel di tentukan menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 12 atlet yang di beri treatment sebanyak 16x pertemuan. Instrumen yang digunakan test daya tahan otot lengan dan scoring memanah jarak 50m. Data yang terkumpul akan di uji normalitas menggunakan teknik Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji homogenitas memakaiuji Levene Test Wilk . Uji hipotesis menggunakan teknik uji-t bahwa t hitung = -0,10 lebih kecil dari t (0,05) (12) = 2,22 pada taraf signifikansi 0,08 % sehingga tingkat kebermaknaan Hipotesis nul (Ho) diterima. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukan, (a) terdapat peningkatan daya tahan otot lengan pada atlet panahan Kabupaten Banyumas setelah melakukan latian; (b) terdapat peningkatan latihan circuit traning pada hasil akurasi memanah atlet panahan Kabupaten Banyumas setelah melakukan latihan. Oleh karena itu dengan diberikan latihan circuit traning dapat dijadikan alternatif latihan fisik.
DAMPAK FREKUENSI BEROLAHRAGA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL KARYAWAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR Muhammad Harliawan; Yudik Prasetyo; Ali Satia Graha
Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): June: Jurnal Pendidikan Olah Raga
Publisher : IKIP PGRI Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31571/jpo.v13i1.7508

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effect of exercise intensity on mental health in PT employees. Ramayana Makassar City The population in this study were all employees of PT. Ramayana Makassar City as many as 74, the sampling technique used was total sampling. The data collection method uses a survey method, while the instruments used are a questionnaire to measure exercise intensity and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 questionnaire to measure the level of mental health. The results of this study are that exercise intensity does not have a significant influence on mental health with a significant level of influence of intensity. There is no significant influence of exercise on mental health based on the SPSS output. The significance level (sig) of the exercise intensity variable (X) is 0.340, because the sig value. 0.340 > probability of 0.05, so there is no significant influence on the exercise intensity variable on employee mental health, there are several factors that are considered to be triggers for employees to be categorized as mental stress levels at work, imbalance between work and life, lack of social support at work, and pressure at work