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Airline Legal Liability for Lost Cabin Baggage: A Review of Consumer Protection in Air Transportation Wibowo, Evan Fernando Agung; Sudiro, Amad
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i1.279

Abstract

This study examines the legal liability of airlines for the loss of passengers’ belongings stored in cabin baggage—an issue that frequently arises yet remains largely overlooked by current legal frameworks. In contrast to checked baggage, cabin baggage remains under the direct supervision of passengers, leading airlines to often deny responsibility for losses. Employing a normative legal approach, this research analyzes applicable laws, regulations, and case studies, particularly judicial decisions involving disputes between passengers and international airlines. The findings indicate that legal, administrative, technical, and economic barriers constitute significant obstacles for passengers seeking compensation. The study underscores the need to re-evaluate the principle of limitation of liability, enhance cabin security standards, and strengthen consumer dispute resolution mechanisms to establish a more equitable and effective system of protection.
Regulations Without Protection: State Failure in Safeguarding Passenger Rights Sibatuara, Enjelina; Sudiro, Amad
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i1.297

Abstract

Flight delays remain a persistent issue in Indonesia’s air transportation sector, directly impacting passengers through financial and non-material losses. This study aims to (1) analyze the legal responsibilities of air transportation business entities for flight delays under Law Number 1 of 2009, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the compensation claim settlement mechanism in accordance with Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and (3) uncover structural inequalities in the legal relationship between airlines and passengers. Employing a normative legal approach, the study draws upon both primary and secondary legal sources. The findings reveal that, despite an adequate regulatory framework, the enforcement of legal responsibilities and the functionality of claims mechanisms remain weak. A significant imbalance in bargaining power and access to justice persists between passengers and airlines, further exacerbated by ineffective state oversight. This study concludes that policy reform and a strengthened state supervisory role are essential to ensure legal certainty and the effective protection of passenger rights.
Legal Consequences of Making a Deed of Marriage Agreement by a Notary Who Has Not Been Registered Manullang, Lasmaria; Sudiro, Amad
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7338

Abstract

This research aims to discover the legal consequences of making a marriage agreement deed by a notary who has yet to be registered at the Office of Religious Affairs. This research method is normative legal research examining the legal consequences of making a marriage agreement deed by a notary who has yet registered at the Office of Religious Affairs. The research method used includes research on legal principles, systematic law analysis, and legal synchronization study. This research is focused on case studies of the East Jakarta Religious Court Decision Number 4855/Pdt.G/2019/Pa. It is related to doing a marriage agreement deed by a notary without registration at the Office of Religious Affairs. The results of this study analyze the legal implications of non-recording, both from the perspective of the validity of the marriage agreement certificate and its legal impact on the parties concerned. The novelty of this research is that administrative inaccuracies in making a marriage agreement can affect its legal validity and related rights. This research also seeks to provide recommendations for increasing awareness and compliance with applicable legal procedures to avoid potential conflicts and disputes in the future related to the marriage agreement deed. 
Tanggungjawab Boeing Company Terhadap Kecelakaan Pesawat Udara Sriwijaya Air SJ182 Terkait Dugaan Cacat Produk Priaardanto, Columbanus; Sudiro, Amad
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.8463

Abstract

This research aims to be useful to the general public about the concept  of strict liability which is a general principle in the legal regime of consumer protection. Practically this study aims to provide an understanding  of the concept of strict liability, where the manufacturer of an item for defects in the product can be carried out a prosecution legal remedy which in this article raises product defects against aircraft from The Boeing Company used in flights by Sriwijaya Air SJ182. In particular, the benefits of this research for academics in order to increase wealth and knowledge about the implementation of  strict liability in cases of defective aircraft products, in addition to the benefits to the Indonesian people, especially consumers throughout Indonesia in order to better understand the concept of strict liability  This is a concrete effort to prevent a consumer dispute caused by a product defect. Then this research is also expected to benefit law enforcers so that they can always carry out law enforcement, especially in the problem of product defects in goods and services. This research has an urgency where an omission of a defective product often consumers do not receive any form of compensation for the event so that this is what encourages concrete and theoretical and scientific research to be carried out. This research uses normative juridical methods by using primary and secondary legal materials in its preparation. In this study, the novelty raised regarding the principle of strict liability  implemented against defects in aircraft products used by private airlines in Indonesia where aircraft manufacturers are responsible for these production defects.  Penelitian ini bertujuan agar bermanfaat kepada khalayak umum mengenai konsep strict liability yang merupakan suatu prinsip umum dalam rezim hukum Perlindungan konsumen. Secara praktis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman atas konsep strict liability, dimana produsen atas suatu barang atas kecacatan terhadap produk tersebut maka dapat dilakukan suatu upaya hukum penuntutan yang dalam artikel ini mengangkat mengenai cacat produk terhadap pesawat udara dari perusahaan The Boeing Company yang digunakan dalam penerbangan oleh maskapai Sriwijaya Air SJ182. secara khusus manfaat penelitian ini untuk para akademisi agar dapat menambah khazanah dan pengetahuan mengenai implementasi strict liability terhadap kasus cacatnya produk pesawat udara, disamping hal itu manfaat kepada masyarakat Indonesia secara khususnya para konsumen diseluruh Indonesia agar dapat lebih memahami konsep strict liability tersebut sebagai suatu upaya konkret mencegah adanya suatu perselisihan konsumen yang disebabkan atas peristiwa cacat produk. Kemudian penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat memberi manfaat kepada para penegak hukum agar selalu senantiasa dapat melakukan penegakan hukum terutama dalam permasalahan cacat produk atas suatu barang dan jasa. Penelitian ini memiliki urgensi dimana suatu kelalaian atas produk yang cacat seringkali konsumen tidak menerima bentuk kompensasi atas peristiwa tersebut sehingga hal ini yang mendorong agar penelitian secara konkret dan teoretis serta ilmiah perlu dijalankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dalam penyusunannya. Dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahwa kebaruan yang diangkat mengenai prinsip strict liability yang diimplementasikan terhadap cacat produk pesawat udara yang digunakan oleh maskapai swasta di Indonesia dimana produsen pesawat udara bertanggungjawab atas cacat produksi tersebut. 
Kecelakaan Kapal Tanker: Risiko Tumpahan Minyak/Kimia (Bahan Berbahaya) yang Memengaruhi Lingkungan Laut, Tantangan Penanggulangan, Regulasi Desain Keselamatan Kapal Tanker Handoyo, Handoyo; Gosal, Grace Anna Belle; Naru, Margareth Trisya Adefinola; Mandry, Febrayen Faldo; Khasanah, Andi Khuswatun; Butarbutar, Chievo; Sudiro, Amad
Journal of Citizen Research and Development Vol 2, No 1 (2025): Mei 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/jcrd.v2i1.4619

Abstract

Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah: Menganalisis langkah-langkah yang dapat ditempuh untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kapal tanker sehingga dapat meminimalkan risiko tumpahan minyak/bahan berbahaya ke laut. Menganalisis tahapan dan cara penanganan serta penanggulangan yang efektif bila terjadi tumpahan minyak/bahan berbahaya ke laut akibat kecelakaan kapal tanker untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan. Menganalisis apakah regulasi desain keselamatan kapal tanker saat ini sudah memadai atau belum untuk mencegah kecelakaan dan risiko tumpahan ke laut. Menganalisis upaya dan cara penegakan peraturan terkait keselamatan kapal tanker agar dapat mencegah risiko tumpahan minyak/bahan berbahaya ke laut. Menganalisis cara melibatkan partisipasi berbagai pihak seperti perusahaan, pemerintah, dan masyarakat internasional dalam penanggulangan risiko tumpahan akibat kecelakaan kapal tanker. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kapal tanker yang menyebabkan tumpahan minyak/bahan berbahaya ke laut merupakan ancaman serius bagi lingkungan laut. Oleh karena itu, berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan, seperti peningkatan standar keselamatan kapal, kompetensi awak kapal, sistem bantuan navigasi, dan pengawasan pelaksanaan peraturan. Bila terjadi tumpahan, penanganan dan penanggulangannya harus dilakukan secara efektif untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan, melalui dekontaminasi, pembersihan, penangkaran biota laut, serta pemantauan daerah terdampak. Regulasi desain keselamatan kapal tanker telah mengalami perkembangan, namun masih perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengantisipasi tantangan seperti faktor manusia, cuaca ekstrem, teknologi baru, serta tekanan efisiensi. Penegakan peraturan perlu didukung dengan peraturan pelaksanaan yang tegas, peningkatan pengawasan, kesiapan tanggap darurat, serta kerja sama antar instansi terkait. Partisipasi perusahaan shipping, pemerintah, dan masyarakat internasional sangat diperlukan dalam pencegahan maupun penanggulangan tumpahan, melalui regulasi, investasi, tim tanggap darurat, serta kerja sama antarnegara.
Legal Politics In Indonesia Wiranto, Muhammad Jodi; Sudiro, Amad
Journal Of Social Science (JoSS) Vol 3 No 12 (2024): JOSS: Journal of Social Science
Publisher : Al-Makki Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57185/joss.v3i12.407

Abstract

Legal politics in Indonesia has an important role in determining the direction of the formation and implementation of regulations. Article 18 paragraph 4 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia confirms that regional heads are elected democratically, reflecting the principles of popular sovereignty in the regional government system. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of legal politics related to regional head elections, identify the challenges faced, and provide recommendations for the necessary legal political reforms. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study, which includes an analysis of various legal sources, previous research, and political theories related to local democracy. The results show that although democratic local elections have been implemented, there are various challenges that hinder the effectiveness and integrity of the process. Issues such as the high cost of politics, the practice of money politics, and horizontal conflicts in the community are significant obstacles. In addition, the relationship between politics and law is often intertwined, creating uncertainty in electoral policy. In conclusion, to strengthen a transparent and accountable local government system, comprehensive reforms in local election regulations, increased monitoring of political funding, and public political education are needed. With these steps, it is expected that regional autonomy can run more effectively and in accordance with constitutional values.
The Validity of Property Ownership by Indonesian Citizens in Mixed Marriages: A Review of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 Nurjayanti, Florencia Devi; Sudiro, Amad
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Vol 8, No 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jdh.v8i3.48572

Abstract

The issue of property ownership by Indonesian citizens (WNI) in mixed marriages with foreign nationals (WNA) has long created legal uncertainty, particularly regarding land and building ownership. The main legal obstacle lies in Article 21 paragraph (1) of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), which restricts ownership rights over land exclusively to Indonesian citizens. Consequently, an Indonesian citizen married to a foreign national without a prenuptial agreement is deemed to have community property, thereby making land or building ownership contradictory to national agrarian regulations. This study aims to analyze the validity of property ownership by Indonesian citizens in mixed marriages based on Constitutional Court Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The research employs a normative juridical method, using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches—particularly focusing on the reinterpretation of Article 29 of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Through its decision, the Constitutional Court ruled that a marital agreement may be made not only before or at the time of marriage but also during the course of marriage. This ruling provides a new legal avenue for Indonesian citizens to retain ownership rights over land and buildings by creating a post-nuptial agreement that separates assets from their foreign spouse. The findings indicate that although the decision grants stronger constitutional protection for Indonesian citizens, its implementation still faces administrative challenges and disharmony among implementing regulations. The novelty of this research lies in identifying the Constitutional Court’s ruling as a form of substantive legal reform that harmonizes marriage law and national agrarian law, while simultaneously reinforcing the constitutional principles of legal certainty and equality for all citizens.
Green Ecology Questionnaire (GEQ) Based on Understanding of Cosmic Religious Environmental Law Rahayu, Mella Ismelina Farma; Susanto, Anthon Freddy; Sudiro, Amad
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): October, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i4.29380

Abstract

The current environment has been exploited without consideration or regard for sustainability and ecological balance. Forests have been plundered and burned, natural resources have been depleted without any effort to replenish them, and development in many cities has ignored spatial planning. All of these actions have ultimately resulted in severe environmental degradation. The decline in the carrying capacity and capacity of the environment, pollution and destruction of the environment, climate change, deforestation, and damage to terrestrial and marine ecosystems have become serious threats to the survival of humans and other living creatures. The issue examined in this paper is how to revive public understanding and awareness (participation) of the law in preserving the function of the environment. This paper uses a philosophical and legal hermeneutic approach, which is to look at the fundamental side using the method of text criticism, which refers to how the grand discourse on environmental law is criticized through several main references. Through this approach and method, it is hoped that the Green Ecology Quitionent (GEQ) model concept can be developed based on cosmic religious environmental law. Cosmic religion is a fundamental concept of diverse local wisdom possessed by Indonesian society. This model concept is expected to become a reference or starting point for the development of environmental policy, environmental education, law enforcement, management, and preservation of environmental functions in Indonesia.
Kajian Yuridis Normatif mengenai Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Orang Tua terhadap Pencegahan Perkawinan dini Pasa, Alicia Putri; Sudiro, Amad
Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Oktober, Social Issues and Problems in Society
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jr.v8i4.49908

Abstract

Pernikahan di bawah usia ialah suatu pelanggaran terhadap hak konstitusi anak yang diatur dalam UUD Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 sudah menentukan batas usia minimum perkawinan bagi lelaki dan perempuan yakni 19 tahun, dispensasi kawin di pengadilan agama mengindikasikan lemahnya fungsi negara dalam mencegah perkawinan yang terjadi pada usia dini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tanggung jawab konstitusional negara dalam mencegah dan menangani pernikahan dini serta bentuk perlindungan bagi anak-anak yang terlibat dalam pernikahan tersebut. Metode Penelitian yang dipakai ialah penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan UU (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab konstitusi negara belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi akibat adanya kekosongan hukum dalam pemberian dispensasi pernikahan serta lemahnya kebijakan pencegahan di tingkat daerah. Dampak hukum dari melangsungkan pernikahan di bawah umur mengakibatkan pelanggaran hak anak dalam sektor pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kesejahteraan sosial. Negara harus memperkuat sistem perlindungan anak dengan kebijakan hukum yang lebih ketat terkait dispensasipernikahan.
Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Digital-Based Creative Industries in Indonesia Shyfa N.C., Ratu; Sudiro, Amad
International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Lafadz Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sj.v3i2.332

Abstract

The progression of time and advancements in technology and information have provided many benefits to human life. Technological advancement is evident in several fields, such as photography, cinematography, and design, which fall under the scope of intellectual property, particularly copyright. However, technological and digital development has also brought several global impacts that transcend national borders. Indonesia's economy has largely relied on the tourism sector which has led to the growth of the creative industries that support this sector. Advertising, as a part of the creative industries, plays an important role in society. Various strategies have been applied to compete and to excel in the business category of communication and technology services to maintain competitiveness in the digital creative communication industry of an advertising agency in Indonesia. However, these developments have made uploading someone's work common. Subconsciously, easy and practical access to the virtual world can result in copyright infringement, in which the works uploaded on digital/online platforms can be misused by irresponsible parties for personal gain. The legal regulation for intellectual property rights in Indonesia, particularly copyright, is regulated under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. As specified in Article 40 Paragraph (1) of the Copyright Law, it addresses the creations protected under its regulations. However, with the changing times and technological advancements, there has been a blur in the norms of these regulations, which need adjustments.