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Afan Hamzah, Afan
Departemen Teknik Kimia Industri, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya
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Optimization of Bioethanol Production From Chlorella Vulgaris With Ca2+,Mg2+, and Zn2+ Ion Suplements Through Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Respon Surface Methodology Zukhri, Muhammad Fakhrudin; Hamzah, Afan; Anam, Muhamad Khoirul
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Ilmiah, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia, with its wealth of natural resources, has the potential to develop bioethanol as an alternative to diminishing fossil energy sources. Third-generation bioethanol is a form of renewable energy and an environmentally friendly fuel derived from non-conventional biomass resources, particularly from microorganisms such as algae and cyanobacteria. This study focuses on optimizing the bioethanol production process from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris using the Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) method, with the addition of calcium ions (Ca^2+), magnesium ions (Mg^2+), and zinc ions (Zn^2+) to enhance bioethanol yield and concentration. The research procedure includes raw material pretreatment, acid hydrolysis, liquefaction, saccharification, fermentation, and distillation. The distillate samples are analyzed for bioethanol concentration using a refractometer and bioethanol density with a pycnometer. The effect of added medium components on the fermentation process is statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in MINITAB Statistical Software and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in DESIGN EXPERT 13. Statistical optimization of the fermentation process is performed using Central Composite Design (CCD). ANOVA analysis reveals significance with a P-Value < 0.0001 for bioethanol yield and concentration. Optimization results indicate an optimal yield of 17.087 percent with a concentration of 165.592 grams per liter, achieved with the addition of Ca^2+ at 164.755 parts per million, Mg^2+ at 146.279 parts per million, and Zn^2+ at 38.516 parts per million.
Co-Authors Achmad Dwitama Karisma Adi Soeprijanto Agung Subaykto Agung Subyakto Agus Surono Agus Surono Ali Altway Alkamalia, Andini Nabila Altway, Saidah Ardiani, Liana Ariesta, Rizky Chandra Arif, Irfan Syarif Arifin, Rizal Aris Tjahyanto Atletiko, Faizal Johan Aulia, Anisa Fatma Baiq Firyal Salsabilla Safitri Fadlilatul Taufany Ferdiansyah, Dita Ahmeta Hanny F. Sangian Hermawan, Yuda Apri Irfan Syarief Arief Irma Nurhanifah Fenda Putri Laila Nur Rahmah Lailatul Qomariyah, Lailatul Lidya Lorenta Sitompul Lily Pudjiastuti, Lily Mohammad Khoirul Effendi Muhamad Khoirul Anam Muhammad Nurul Hakim Nabila Fara Anindya Niniek Fajar Puspita, Niniek Fajar Nugroho, Muhammad Aldi Nurkhamidah, Siti Nurlaili Humaidah, Nurlaili Nurul Maziyah Prida Novarita Trisanti, Prida Novarita Putra, Erzad Iskandar Putri Selly Mudyawati Rahmawati, Deti Rohmah, Nur Azizatur Siswantoro, Nurhadi Sjarief Widjaja Sri Rejeki Wahyu Pribadi Sujiatanti, Septia Hardy Suprapto Suprapto Susianto Susianto Teguh Putranto Tetrisyanda, Rizky Totok Yulianto Triastuti, Warlinda Eka Trisanti, Warlinda Eka Utama, Danu Warlinda Eka Triastuti Zuchrillah, Daril Ridho Zuchrillah, Daril Ridho Zukhri, Muhammad Fakhrudin