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All Journal Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science Jurnal Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Jurnal Biologi Tropis Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) ad-Dawaa : Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Acta Chimica Asiana Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy Journal of Health Science Sinteza Scientica: Jurnal Ilmiah Sains dan Teknologi Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Indonesian Journal of Cosmetics Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian
Arif Setiawansyah
Akademi Farmasi Cendikia Farma Husada
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Fermentation-Mediated Modulation of Nutraceutically Relevant Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Leaf Extract Nur Amelia; Yovi Pranata; Arif Setiawansyah; Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung; Fika Minata Wathan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.585-596

Abstract

Fermentation has emerged as a promising biotechnological approach to enhance the nutraceutical quality of plant-based materials through targeted modulation of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) leaf extracts. Aerobic fermentation markedly enhanced the phytochemical profile, yielding a 1.87-fold increase in TPC (121.28 mg GAE/g extract) and a 1.66-fold increase in TFC (897.82 mg QE/g extract) compared with fresh leaves. These compositional improvements translated into superior functional activity, as evidenced by the lowest IC50 value (56.07 mg/L) and the highest antioxidant activity index (AAI = 0.713). In contrast, anaerobic fermentation provided limited phenolic enrichment and resulted in substantial flavonoid degradation, leading to inferior antioxidant performance. Strong correlations between polyphenolic contents and antioxidant parameters confirmed that phenolics and flavonoids are key contributors to radical scavenging activity. Overall, the findings demonstrate that aerobic fermentation is an effective, low-cost strategy to improve the nutraceutical value and antioxidant capacity of red spinach leaf extracts, highlighting its potential application in the development of functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients.
Computational intelligence in cell-penetrating peptide discovery: emerging paradigms and predictive frameworks Ebrahim Sadaqa; Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul; Nurul Hidayati; Arif Setiawansyah
Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/sjp.v7i1.677

Abstract

Researchers are increasingly fascinated by cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) owing to their ability to deliver biomolecules within cells. This unique capability makes CPPs an incredibly valuable asset in fields such as drug delivery, gene therapy and imaging where precision is paramount. However, the design and prediction of CPPs with optimal attributes and augmented cellular uptake still pose a challenge. With this literature review piece, we hope to shed light on significant progress that has been made within the field of in silico prediction techniques for CPPs. In particular our focus lies on discussing how these methodologies can assist with discovering and optimizing promising CPP candidates more efficiently. To accomplish this goal respectfully and comprehensively, we will examine computational methods like machine learning algorithms, sequence-based techniques, and structure-based modeling. These techniques employ large-scale databases, extensive peptide libraries, and advanced algorithms to scrutinize peptide properties, predict CPP activity, and optimize CPP sequences. Within this analysis, we find a significant emphasis placed on integrating physicochemical features, sequence motifs, and structural information into predictive models relating to CPP development. These factors are essential to predicting successful peptide uptake within cells while presenting various challenges during this process. Furthermore, the review highlights considerable strides in silico prediction techniques for CPPs, demonstrating great promise in accelerating their identification for further development. Incorporating computational tools and experimental validation holds tremendous promise in facilitating the design of CPPs with enhanced properties, thus advancing the field of intracellular delivery and therapeutics.
Utilization Of Petai Peel (Parkia Speciosa Hassk.) Extract In Spray Formulation As A Mosquito Repellent Against Aedes Aegypti Linda Septiani; Selvi Marcellia; Muhammad Maulana; Reny Arienta Putri; Michelle Safna Andari; Terza Aflika Happy; Nurul Hidayati; Arif Setiawansyah; Endah Setyaningrum; Emantis Rosa
Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Mamuju

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33490/jkm.v12i1.1803

Abstract

Mosquitoes act as vectors of disease in humans. One method to break the chain of transmission is to reduce contact between humans and mosquitoes by using repellents. Currently, several repellents on the market contain chemicals that are harmful to users and the environment. Some researchers have conducted studies as an alternative to replace the chemicals contained in repellents by utilising extracts from natural materials. One part of the plant that is thought to have potential as a repellent is petai peel waste (Parkia speciosa Hassk.), which contains several bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of petai peel waste extract in spray formulation as a repellent for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Extraction was carried out using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with 96% ethanol solvent. The 25% petai peel extract formulation showed the highest repellent activity, providing over 91% protection during the first and second hours, although its effectiveness gradually declined over time, resulting in an overall average protection of 87.94%. Based on these results, petai peel waste extract has the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly natural repellent, while also adding value to waste utilization and supporting mosquito control programs.  
What Solvent is Actually the Best for Extracting Andrographolide? – Computational Evaluation of the Atomic Behavior in Different Solvent Models Arif Setiawansyah; Khairunnisa Khairunnisa; Mayaranti Wilsya
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.33127

Abstract

Andrographolide, a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, making solvent selection critical for optimizing extraction efficiency while preserving bioactivity. This study aimed to identify the optimal solvent for andrographolide extraction through computational evaluation of solvation thermodynamics and electronic properties using density functional theory. Geometry optimization and solvation calculations were performed at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level using the Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) in ORCA version 6.0.1 across twelve solvent systems including water, alcohols, aprotic solvents, and non-polar media. Molecular properties including solvation free energy, frontier molecular orbitals, global chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, atomic charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential, and infrared spectra were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that water exhibited the most favorable solvation free energy at -76.64 kJ/mol, superior to all other examined solvents including acetonitrile (-75.30 kJ/mol), methanol (-75.05 kJ/mol), and significantly better than hexane (-33.52 kJ/mol). Water induces optimal dipole moment enhancement to 1.253 Debye while maintaining stable HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 5.009 eV and consistent global reactivity descriptors, confirming preservation of intrinsic chemical properties and bioactivity. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed complete structural integrity in aqueous environment. This computational study establishes water as the superior extraction medium for andrographolide based on exceptional thermodynamic favorability, optimal electronic stabilization, maintained molecular stability, and practical advantages including non-toxicity and environmental sustainability.
Fermentation Driven Enhancement of Flavonoid, Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activity in Melastoma malabathricum Fruit Maharani Maharani; Arif Setiawansyah; Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung; Meliasi Nora Pratamarta
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11393

Abstract

Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) is a fruit known for its high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which contribute to its antioxidant properties and are highly affected by fermentation processes. This study investigated how aerobic and anaerobic fermentation influence the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of senggani fruit extracts. The experiment involved aerobic fermentation without yeast and anaerobic fermentation with yeast, both conducted for three days. Total phenolics were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, total flavonoids were measured via the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH radical scavenging assay using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The findings indicated that aerobic fermentation resulted in greater total phenolic (16.45 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid levels (16.95 mg QE/g), along with stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 55.37 ppm), compared to anaerobic fermentation. In contrast, anaerobic treatment yielded lower phenolic (11.77 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (11.53 mg QE/g) and reduced antioxidant capacity (IC₅₀ 59.86 ppm). Overall, the results suggest that fermentation conditions play a crucial role in shaping the bioactive composition and antioxidant performance of senggani extracts, with aerobic fermentation showing better potential for developing functional and nutraceutical products.
Telaah Potensi Antivirus Mitraginin terhadap Protease 3CLpro SARS-CoV-2 dengan Pendekatan Molecular Docking Arif Setiawansyah; Gita Susanti; Nurul Hidayati; Baiq Maylinda Gemantari; Reza Alrayan; Ismanurrahman Hadi; Dewi Luthfiana; Nurul Hasanah
Sinteza Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v4i2.25634

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus identified as a major caused of COVID-19. COVID-19 can be prevented and managed by preventing the SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Mitragynine is one of the major compounds found in Mitragyna speciosa leaves that has the potential to be developed as an anti-COVID-19 agent. This research was implemented to evaluate that potential by observing the molecular interaction of mitragynine with the essential amino acid residues of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The study was undertaken by in silico method via molecular docking approach using Autodock 4.2. The potential of mitragynine in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was justified based on its free binding energy and Ki. The result revealed that mitragynine exhibited a lower free binding energy and Ki than remdesivir with the free binding energy and Ki value of -7.80 kcal/mol dan 1.92 µM dan -7.41 kcal/mol dan 3.72 µM, respectively. This concluded that mitragynine has the potential as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor with the affinity was better than remdesivir. However, further in vitro research must be carried out to prove this potential. 
Co-Authors Agnesia, Agnesia Aliefman Hakim Alrayan, Reza Amanda, Putri Fadillah Amelia, Nanda Baiq Maylinda Gemantari Bal’afif, Farhad Bambang Hernawan Nugroho, Bambang Hernawan Daryono Hadi Tjahjono Dewantara, Jeisen Pajar Dewi Luthfiana Dewi Luthfiana Diah Ayu. S Dian Handayani Djajalaksana, Susanthy Doloking, Haeria Dwi Handayani Dyke Gita Wirasisya Ebrahim Sadaqa Emantis Rosa Endah Setyaningrum Enggy Erwansani Erwansani, Enggy Evifani, Dinda Silvia Fendi Fendi FIKA MINATA WATHAN Fong, Siau Friardi Ismed Gita Susanti Gita Susanti, Gita Hadi, Ismanurrahman Hakim, Aditia Rahman Hengki Adi. P Herlina, Santi Ibnu Fadilah Indah Indah Jaya, Farrel Septian Khairunnisa Lanang Rachmadi Linda Septiani Luthfiana, Dewi maha rani Maharani Maharani Maharani, Andi Rani Gustia Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung MAURITZ PANDAPOTAN MARPAUNG Maya Ganda Ratna Meliasi Nora Pratamarta Meliasi Nora Pratamarta Michelle Safna Andari Muh Ikhlas Arsul Muhammad Andre Reynaldi Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul Muhammad Maulana Mutiara, Berkah Nanda Puspita. S Nugraheni Febrianti S Nur Adliani Nur Amelia Nurcahya, Salsabila Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurul Hasanah Nurul Hidayati Nurul Hidayati Nurul Hidayati Nurul Hidayati Nweze, Leonard Chinecherem Nyimas Rahma. K Perdana Priya Haresmita Putra, Teguh Adiyas Putri Adelia. M Putri, Stella Anatasya Putri Reny Arienta Putri Reza Alrayan Reza Alrayan Rico Saputra Rina Swita Esther Sitindaon Rindi Permata.S Sadaqa, Ebrahim Salsabila, Salwa Salsabilla Nur. C Saputri, Aurya Selvi Marcellia Sephia Panorama Setiawati, Diah Ayu Siregar, Marsintauli Hasudungan Siti Aminah Stevia, Tessa Sukrasno Susianti Susianti Sutopo Hadi Syaiful Bahri Terza Aflika Happy Valentina, Febriani Wilsya, Mayaranti Wismayani, Leni Yovi Pranata Yovi Pranata Yufri Aldi Yulius Evan Christian