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Angga Pramana, Angga
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Journal : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

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Paper Mill Sludge as a Substitute Material in Paving Blocks for a Sustainable Waste Management Approach Gunawan, Chandra; Fung, Liem Khe; Nul Hakim, Lukman; Wahyudi, Eko; Pramana, Angga; Zalfiatri, Yelmira
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jestm.v5i2.269

Abstract

This study evaluates the use of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in paving block production, focusing on compressive strength and economic feasibility. PMS was incorporated at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total fine aggregate weight. Compressive strength tests followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996), accompanied by production cost analysis. The results showed that 5% PMS achieved the highest compressive strength of 264.23 kg/cm², about 7.7% higher than the control 258.71 kg/cm², meeting the SNI quality class B (K200) standard. Meanwhile, 10% PMS reduced production costs by 6–8% while still satisfying the minimum requirement for K200 paving blocks (category B). This demonstrates a clear trade-off between mechanical performance and cost efficiency, where 5% PMS ensures maximum strength, while 10% PMS provides adequate strength with economic benefits. At lower levels, PMS fibers improved cement–aggregate bonding and reduced voids, whereas higher dosages (>10%) disrupted hydration and lowered strength. Practically, PMS utilization offers the paving block industry a sustainable and cost-effective alternative that reduces reliance on natural aggregates, supports waste valorization, and aligns with SNI standards for applications such as parking lots.
Co-Authors Agus Sutikno AR, Nur Hasnah Chandra Gunawan Dewi Fortuna Ayu Dodi, Ahmad EKO WAHYUDI Evi Sribudiani Faizah Hamzah Fung, Liem Khe Hamidi, Zikri Hamzah, Farida Hanum Hasnah AR, Nur Hasnah, Nur Imelda Yunita Jayalaksamana, Maghfirah Mhd Andry Kurniawan Ningsih, Arum Rovarti Nopiani, Yanti Nul Hakim, Lukman Putra, Diswanto Putri, Vivin Jenika Rahmadini Payla Juarsa Rahmah, Anania Rahmayuni Rahmayuni, Rahmayuni Ruzain, Raihanatu Binqalbi Seprido Seprido, Seprido Sitompul, Fitra Fatthoni Sukma R.Ab, Dodi Ultri, Ultri Yelly Zamaya Yelmira Zalfiatri