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Sosialisasi Penggunaan Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) yang Efektif dalam Upaya Memenuhi Standar WHO dan Protokol Kesehatan Sesuai dengan UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan di Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur Marjan Miharja; Erwin Syahruddin; Bionda Johan Anggara; Johan Johan; Gugus Atmoko; Abdillah Umar Lubis; M. Khoerul Anam; Gerry Lesmana
Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Training & Research Institute - Jeramba Ilmu Sukses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (259.822 KB) | DOI: 10.47747/pengabdiankepadamasyarakat.v1i1.139

Abstract

WHO determined COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 9, 2020, which is the strongest push for this community service program to be carried out. WHO has published guidance on adjusting the MFIs while managing the risk of a spike in case numbers. WHO publishes guidance on adapting to LKMS, while still managing the risk of a re-increase in the number of cases. A series of measures was developed to help provide guidance to countries in adapting public health measures to various contexts and this provides consideration for decision makers. In connection with the policy of controlling infectious disease outbreaks, Indonesia has Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Communicable Disease Outbreaks, Government Regulation Number 40 of 1991 concerning Management of Contagious Disease Outbreaks, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 1501 / Menkes / Per / X / 2010 concerning Certain Types of Infectious Diseases That Can Cause Outbreaks and Countermeasures. Including various policies to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic issued by the government. One of them is the Large-Scale Social Restrictions or PSBB at the end of March. Citing Article 1 paragraph 11 of Law (UU) Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, PSBB is a limitation of certain activities of residents in an area suspected of being infected with a disease and / or contamination in such a way as to prevent the possibility of spreading disease or contamination. The policy covers at least school and work vacations, restrictions on religious activities and restrictions on activities in public places or facilities, including the socialization of washing hands using hand sanitizer which can be done in certain situations where soap and clean water are not available. For the results to be effective, the hand sanitizer used should contain at least 60% alcohol. This step is a necessity in order to prevent Covid-19 from becoming more widespread. The goal to be achieved from the socialization of good and correct hand washing is to understand the procedures, and be able to practice how to wash hands properly and correctly. It is hoped that in this socialization there will be a change in behavior in the community in washing hands as often as possible properly and correctly.
Penggunaan Plastik Daur Ulang sebagai Kemasan Sabun Tangan Cair di Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur (KMK No. HK.01.07-Menkes-382-2020 tentang Protokol Kesehatan bagi Masyarakat di Tempat dan Fasilitas Umum dalam Rangka Pencegahan Covid-19) Marjan Miharja; Erwin Syahruddin; Saparuli Saparuli; Viktor Agung Pratama; Heru Mahendra; Ronal Saut; Hardian Hardian; Salamat Martua
Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Training & Research Institute - Jeramba Ilmu Sukses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (247.159 KB) | DOI: 10.47747/pengabdiankepadamasyarakat.v1i1.141

Abstract

The more single-use plastic is used, the higher the possibility of increasing plastic waste in the environment. Chemicals in plastics can endanger living things and humans, plastic / inorganic waste is still very minimal management. so that the use of used or recycled plastics as packaging or containers of liquid soap must be carried out to preserve the environment. To overcome this problem, Group 2 Community Service (PKM) STIH IBLAM will implement the use of recycled or used plastic bottles as hand soap packaging. Currently the Indonesian people are facing challenges that require human resources to adapt to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. Health, social and economic aspects must go hand in hand and support each other in order to achieve the expected goals. It is hoped that through the use of recycled or used plastic bottles as hand soap packaging it can help economically, socially, and maintain health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results obtained from this activity are the use of recycled or used plastic bottles as hand soap packaging can reduce costs compared to using single-use plastic bottles and protect the environment from plastic waste which is difficult to decompose. Empowering the community for economic and social sustainability, as well as implementing health protocols in efforts to prevent and control COVID-19 in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number Hk.01.07 / Menkes / 382/2020 concerning Health Protocols for Communities in Places and Public Facilities in the Context of Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).
PKM Pembuatan Cairan Handsanitizer dalam Peran Serta Penanganan Covid-19 Berdasarkan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Bersama PCM Kramat Jati dan Pemuda Muhammadiyah Kramatjati Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta Marjan Miharja; Erwin Syahruddin; Gunawan Gunawan; Meydi Nabillah; Rizal Apriyanto; M. Kholilurrahman; Rusnandi Rusnandi
Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Training & Research Institute - Jeramba Ilmu Sukses

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.94 KB) | DOI: 10.47747/pengabdiankepadamasyarakat.v1i1.143

Abstract

The spread of Covid 19 has become one of the people's concerns even though at the time of the initial existence of this virus, various efforts in the form of appeals from the government had not really been obeyed by the community. In fact, most people think that the virus will not be as widespread as in the country where it first spread. Various hoaxes regarding weather and climate conditions in Indonesia as conditions that will not cause widespread spread or hoaxes related to ingredients or drugs that are considered to prevent the emergence of Covid 19 have actually been able to influence the public not to fully consider this virus as a threat. However, along with the public's concern about this virus, other impacts have emerged. The implementation of social distancing has had other impacts. In the form of social and economic impacts on society. With the above conditions, we, from STIH IBLAM, conduct a Community Service study program or what is commonly called PKM which with this activity we try to embrace the partnership of the Muhammadiyah Cawang East Jakarta Youth to produce useful products. The product that we will produce is a Hand Sanitizer which can be used to reduce the possibility of transmitting the pandemic outbreak that is currently happening. With our partnership, Pemuda Muhammadiyah making these products with current conditions is indeed not easy, but with the existing obstacles we try to keep making products that we mean with basic ingredients that are safe for our environment. The products we produce will be donated to the surrounding community in connection with the COVID-19 outbreak, maintaining cleanliness and maintaining a healthy environment which is one of the government's programs and recommendations, so that the spread of COVID-19 can be reduced and is also a preventive measure so that the outbreak does not get worse. extends. This PKM activity is carried out by Class 52.S1 of the STIH Iblam Department of Business Law in collaboration with the Cawang Muhammdiyah Youth partnership. The purpose of this activity is to meet the needs of the community for the importance of cleanliness by using safe materials and also to help the community by subsidizing hand sanitizers in the midst of the economic crisis due to the current pandemic. Our target is to assist the government in reducing the spread of the pandemic outbreak, as well as helping the government foster a sense of discipline in personal and environmental hygiene for the community, because personal and environmental hygiene will help us through this pandemic because cleanliness is the key for us to get through the current pandemic.
Sejarah Perbandingan Sistem Pendaftaran Paten Di Amerika Serikat Dengan Di Indonesia Elisa Sugito; Erwin Syahruddin
Batulis Civil Law Review Vol 2, No 1 (2021): VOLUME 2 NOMOR 1, MEI 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/ballrev.v2i1.459

Abstract

Patent protection in a country cannot be separated from the registration system adopted in that country. In the United States the patent registration system is based on the first-to-invent principle. Even though the United States uses the first-to-invent principle, the United States also regulates protection requirements as European countries, Japan and Indonesia are in the form of new discoveries, containing inventive steps, and can be applied in industry. Meanwhile in Indonesia, the patent protection system used is the first to file system, which is a system that grants patent rights to those who first register a new invention in accordance with the requirements. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the comparative history of the patent registration system in the United States with the patent registration system in Indonesia. The type of research method used is normative legal research with a comparative law approach and a legal history approach. The results of the study found that patent protection in European countries, the United States, Japan and Indonesia has similarities in protection requirements that regulate novelty, inventive steps, and industrial applications.
EFEKTIVITAS TINDAKAN POLISI TERHADAP PELANGGAR PASAL 106 AYAT 5 UNDANG-UNDANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN MENGENAI KELENGKAPAN SIM DAN STNK PADA KENDARAAN RODA DUA DALAM KONTEKSPERSAMAANPERLAKUAN DI HADAPAN HUKUM (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Blora) Erwin Syahruddin; Hari Purwadi; Supanto ,
HUKUM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI Vol 6, No 1 (2018): JANUARI-JUNI
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/hpe.v6i1.17588

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to analize whether the impact of policeaction toward the violators of traffic and highway rules at Blora has already realizing the equality before the law at Blora.This  law  research  used  sociological  legal reseacrh that verificated various exist data with the findings in the field (triangulation). This article concludes that traffic enforcement in Blora is still not working properly yet and dismissing the principle of equality and transparancy of law enforcement which were caused by a legal culture that is still permissive and discriminative. The transparancy principle of law enforcement can be achieved if the society is given direct access  in  monitoring  law  enforcer’s  performances  and  facilitated  by  free  access  of information which is communicative toward fictie principle of law. Meanwhile, the equality of law enforcement is a principle which treats everyone equal in front of the law (equality before the law). Key Word : enforcement; police; equality;monitoryAbstract Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas tindakan polisi terhadap pelanggar peraturan lalu lintas dan jalan raya pada kendaraan roda dua dalam konteks persamaan perlakuandihadapan hukum. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan penelitian sosiologis yang telah memverifikasi berbagai data dengan temuan di lapangan.Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa penegakan lalu lintas di Blora masih belum efektif dan mengabaikan persamaan perlakuan di hadapan hukum disebabkan oleh budaya hukum yang masih permisif dan diskriminatif.Prinsip transparansi penegakan hukum dapat tercapai jika masyarakat diberi akses langsung dalam memantau kinerja penegakan hukum dan difasilitasi oleh akses informasi yang bebas dan komunikatif dalam merespon asas fiktif hukum. Sementara itu, persamaan penegakan hukum adalah prinsip yang memperlakukan semua orang setara di depan hukum (persamaan di depan hukum).Key Word : penegakan; polisi;persamaan;pengawasan
PERTIMBANGAN YURIDIS TENTANG PENGETATAN SYARAT DAN TATA CARA PEMBERIAN REMISI TERHADAP NARAPIDANA EXTRA ORDINARY CRIME KHUSUSNYA NARKOTIKA Adhi Inderaputra; Misbahul Huda; Erwin Syahruddin
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 7, No 4 (2021): Volume 7, Nomor 4 Oktober-Desember 2021
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (961.512 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v7i2.4580

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ABSTRAK Ketentuan terkait dengan pelaksanaan hak-hak warga binaan telah diatur dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 99 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1999 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Hak Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan. Memperketat syarat dan dan tata cara pemberian remisi terkesan sebagai ketentuan yang memberikan pengetatan terhadap pelaksanaan hak-hak warga binaan khususnya pelaku tindak pidana narkotika. Pengetatan pemberian remisi merupakan strategi pemerintah dalam memberikan efek jera dan rasa taubat bagi narapidana setelah bebas dari masa pemidanaan sebab efek jera bagi pelaku kejahatan sebagaimana yang telah disebutkan yakni dengan mengecualikan pemberian hak warga binaan khususnya remisi, sehingga timbul rasa jenuh dan rasa enggan untuk mengulangi perbuatannya lagi. Rumusan masalah yang penulis bahas adalah tentang pertimbangan yuridis tentang pengetatan syarat dan tata cara pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana extra ordinary crime khususnya narkotika. Adapun metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif yaitu menganalisis kaitan antara peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktek pelaksanaan hukum positif yang menyangkut permasalahan yang dibahas. Akhirnya penulis menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana narkotika berdasarkan sistem pemasyarakatan sebagaimana diatur dalam PP Nomor 99 tahun 2012 yang ketetapannya adalah bahwa pemberian remisi pada narapidana yang dipidana karena melakukan tindak pidana narkotika, prekursor narkotika, psikotropika yang disebutkan diatas hanya berlaku terhadap narapidana yang dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 5 (lima) tahun. Di samping itu, diperlukan syarat lainnya yaitu bersedia bekerja sama dengan penegak hukum untuk membantu membongkar perkara tindak pidana yang dilakukannya, yaitu bertindak sebagai Justice Collaborator. Kata Kunci : Narkotika, Remisi, extra ordinary crime ABSTRACT Provisions related to the implementation of the rights of inmates have been regulated by Government Regulation Number 99 of 2012 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 concerning the Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Inmates. Tightening the terms and procedures for granting remissions seems to be a provision that tightens the implementation of the rights of inmates, especially perpetrators of narcotics crimes. Tightening the granting of remissions is a government strategy in providing a deterrent effect and a sense of repentance for prisoners after being released from a period of imprisonment because of the deterrent effect for criminals as already mentioned, namely by excluding the granting of the rights of inmates, especially remissions, resulting in boredom and a sense of reluctance to repeat their actions again. The formulation of the problem that the author discusses is about juridical considerations regarding tightening requirements and procedures for granting remissions to prisoners of extraordinary crime, especially narcotics. The research method that the author uses is the normative juridical method, which is to analyze the relationship between the applicable laws and regulations with legal theories and the practice of implementing positive law concerning the issues discussed. Finally, the author concludes that the regulation of granting remissions to narcotics prisoners is based on the correctional system as regulated in PP No. 99 of 2012 which stipulates that granting remissions to prisoners convicted of criminal acts of narcotics, narcotics precursors, psychotropics mentioned above only applies to prisoners convicted with a minimum imprisonment of 5 (five) years. In addition, other requirements are needed, namely being willing to cooperate with law enforcement to help dismantle criminal cases he has committed, namely acting as a Justice Collaborator. Keywords: Narcotics, Remission, extraordinary crime 
ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP GUGURNYA GUGATAN HARTA BERSAMA AKIBAT PENGGUGAT MENINGGAL DUNIA (STUDI KASUS PERKARA NOMOR 4256/PDT.G/2019/PA.BKS PENGADILAN AGAMA BEKASI) Husein Tamara Ubay; Misbahul Huda; Erwin Syahruddin
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 8, No 2 (2022): Volume 8, Nomor 2 April-JunI 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (980.348 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v8i1.4865

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 ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bahwa Dalam proses persidangan, tidak jarang menemui berbagai hambatan, salah satunya apabila salah satu pihak yang berperkara meninggal dunia. Mengenai penggugat meninggal dunia dan diputus gugur oleh Hakim, terdapat beberapa analisis yuridis yang bisa mengkoreksinya. Juga bagi ahli waris atau para ahli waris terdapat upaya hukum yang ditempuh apabila putusan dinyatakan gugur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif dan berbentuk perspektif. Putusan gugur yang dijatuhkan oleh Hakim bertentangan dengan yurisprudensi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Reg. No. 5 K/Sip/1957. Berdasarkan yurisprudensi tersebut seharusnya Hakim memberikan kesempatan kepada ahli waris atau ahli waris untuk memilih antara meneruskan gugatan atau tidak meneruskan gugatan tersebut. Pertimbangan Hakim yang digunakan harus beralasan yang yuridis meskipun di dalam hukum positif Indonesia belum mengatur ketentuan dalam kondisi tersebut. Bagi ahli waris atau ahli waris yang mendapati putusan gugur, dapat mengajukan gugatan baru dengan didahului mendapatkan penetapan ahli waris melalui surat permohonan yang diajukan kepada Pengadilan Agama di wilayah pemohon.  Kata Kunci : Putusan, Gugatan, Gugur, Penggugat, Meninggal. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to find out that in the trial process, it is not uncommon to encounter various obstacles, one of which is when one of the litigants dies. Regarding the plaintiff's death and was dismissed by the judge, there are several juridical analyzes that can correct it. Also for the heirs or heirs there are legal remedies taken if the decision is declared invalid. The research method used in this research is normative juridical, descriptive and in the form of perspective. The decision that was passed down by the judge contradicted the jurisprudence of the Decision of the Supreme Court Reg. No. 5 K/Sip/1957. Based on this jurisprudence, the judge should have given the heirs the opportunity to choose between continuing the lawsuit or not continuing the lawsuit. The judge's considerations used must have juridical reasons even though Indonesia's positive law has not regulated the provisions in these conditions. For heirs or heirs who find the verdict invalid, they can file a new lawsuit preceded by obtaining a determination of the heir through a letter of application submitted to the Religious Court in the applicant's territory. Keywords: Decision, Lawsuit, Dismissed, Plaintiff, Died.
MAKNA PENGISIAN JABATAN HAKIM AGUNG YANG DAPAT MENUJU KUALIFIKASI PERADILAN PADA MAHKAMAH AGUNG REPUBLIK INDONESIA YANG KOMPETEN DAN BERINTEGRITAS Fahmi Hafid Bachmid; Erwin Syahruddin
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 7, No 4 (2021): Volume 7, Nomor 4 Oktober-Desember 2021
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (806.997 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v7i2.4308

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Negara Indonesia jelas merupakan negara yang berfondasikan pada prinsip demokrasi-konstitusional atau menganut negara hukum yang demokratis. Ciri pertama bahwa ajaran demokrasi sebagai landasan utama di Indonesia, antara lain nampak dalam salah satu tujuan Indonesia sebagai negara hukum adalah untuk melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, memajukan kesejahteraan umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, dan ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial. Perlu ada perubahan terhadap rumusan Pasal 24A ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 untuk menegaskan dan memastikan kewenangan DPR. Perubahan tersebut harus diikuti dengan peruabahn terhadap UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan UU Nomor  2  Tahun 2018 tentang MPR, DPR, dan DPD. Perlu dilakukan perubahan atas undang-undang yang terkait dengan  pengisian jabatan Hakim Agung.
RATIO DECIDENDI PADA HAK ASUH ANAK AKIBAT PERCERAIAN MENURUT KETENTUAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PERKAWINAN DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM erwin syahruddin; Misbahul Huda; Akhmad Fauzi
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 7, No 1 (2021): Volume 7, Nomor 1 Januari-Maret 2021
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (814.447 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v7i1.3575

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Dewasa ini banyak terjadi kasus perceraian yang dilakukan orang tua yang mengakibatkan anaknya sendiri menjadi korban. Kondisi ini yang paling berbahaya karena tidak adanya kepedulian bapak atau ibu sehingga anaknya menjadi terlantar. Masing-masing orang tua mencintai anaknya tapi pola pikir yang berbeda menyebabkan percekcokan dan percekcokan ahirnya mengakibatkan tidak nyaman rumah tangga. Pada ahirnya terjadi penghianatan sehingga terjadilah perceraian dan berakibat pada perebutan hak asuh anak. Rumusan masalah yang penulis bahas tentang pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan pelimpahan hak asuh anak sebagai akibat dari perceraian orang tuanya. Adapun metoda penelitian yang akan penulis gunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif artinya penelitian hukum yang mendasarkan pada konstruksi data yang dilakukan secara metodelogis, sistematis dan konsisten. Penelitian yuridis normatif itu sendiri adalah suatu prosedur penelitian ilmiah untuk menemukan kebenaran berdasarkan logika ilmu hukum dari sisi normatifnya (menelaah norma tertulis) dimana penelitian ini menekankan pada penggunaan data sekunder atau data atau studi kepustakaan. Ahirnya penulis menyimpulkan bahwa pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan pelimpahan hak asuh anak sebagai akibat perceraian orang tuanya yaitu hakim harus mempertimbangkan faktor psikologis orang tua yang akan mengasuh anaknya, pertimbangan lain adalah keterangan saksi-saksi yang di hadirkan di persidangan. Karena dari saksi itulah yang akan memberikan penilaian terhadap orang tuanya yang paling layak untuk mengasuhnya.
HUBUNGAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT DENGAN DAERAH DALAM KEBIJAKAN PERTAMBANGAN MINERAL DAN BATUBARA emilda yofita; Erwin Syahruddin
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 6, No 2 (2020): Volume 6, Nomor 2 Juli-Desember 2020
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1033.822 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v6i2.5642

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Adanya sentralisasi kekuasaan di sektor pertambangan mineral dan batubara, maka memiliki akibat hukum terhadap hubungan pusat dan daerah dalam hal pembagian kewenangan, hubungan koordinasi dan pengawasan, serta perimbangan keuangan. Sehingga menjadikan daerah sebagai organ yang pasif karena ruang gerak otonomi yang dimiliki daerah terbatas, adanya ketidakpercayaan pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah yang menjadikan peran pemerintah pusat lebih dominan dan bersifat top down, serta daerah akan memiliki ketergantungan finansial terhadap pemerintah pusat karena daerah tidak lagi memiliki peran strategis dalam penyelenggaraan penguasaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif (normative legal reseach) dengan mengkaji peraturan tentang mineral dan batubara dan juga Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 10/PUU-X/2012 Perihal Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.