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Journal : The Indonesian Biomedical Journal

Immunomodulatory Activity of Agarwood Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Leaf Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus-infected Macrophages in vitro Hiqmah Yusi Yana; Lisna Hidayati; Nastiti Wijayanti; Tri Rini Nuringtyas
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v14i2.1810

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aquilaria malaccensis has been consumed as herbal medicine, and in vitro study showed that the leaf extract possesses high antioxidant activities. A brief preliminary study indicated that A. malaccensis showed a promising immunomodulatory activity when evaluated using latex beads. This current study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of A. malaccensis leaf extract on the macrophage, which was challenged with pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.METHODS: Bioactivity was determined by evaluating the phagocytic capacity of macrophages isolated from Mus musculus against S. aureus. First, the cytotoxicity of extracts on macrophages was evaluated using MTT assays, and the IC50 value was used to determine the dose of immunomodulatory assays. The highest toxicity was observed on chloroform extract with an IC50 value of 111.4 µg/mL. Therefore, the treatment was 100 and 50 µg/mL. Two parameters, including the phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophages infected with S. aureus, were used to evaluate immunomodulatory activity. The analysis of variance was done at p<0.05 to determine the significant difference among treatments.RESULTS: Chloroform and ethanol extracts at a 50 µg/mL concentration showed the best results with the phagocytic activity of 82.33%±9.61% and 80.33±1.53%. The ethyl acetate showed lower phagocytic activities of 70.67±1.53. All extracts significantly increased phagocytic activity and phagocytic capacity, and the results differed significantly between negative and positive controls. Thin-layer chromatography indicated that the extract contained terpenoid, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin.CONCLUSION: A. malaccensis leaf extracts showed immunomodulatory activity. Both chloroform and ethanol extracts showed comparable activity, while the ethyl acetate extract was lower. The extracts contained diverse bioactive compounds that may support activating macrophage cells for immunomodulatory activity.KEYWORDS: Aquilaria malaccensis, immunomodulator, phagocytosis, macrophages, Staphylococcus aureus
Co-Authors Adita Yuniati Puspitasari Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad ALIM ISNANSETYO Amalia, Alifa Andi Nur Cahyo Aries Bagus Sasongko BUDI SETIADI DARYONO Caroline Dwiseptianti Chandra, Klara Kharisma Bunga Charlie Ester de Fretes Damayanti, Frisca Dedi Setiadi Denis FABRE Dewi, Siska Noviana DIAH RACHMAWATI Diani Mentari Dio N. Wijaya Donny Widianto Dwi Indriani Manurung Dwiseptianti, Caroline Dyah Ismoyowati, Dyah Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra Eko Pujiono Endar Marraskuranto Enik Nurlaili Afifah Erwin Nur Indiarto Fajri Marisa Febri Adi Susanto Febri Adi Susanto Hari Purwanto Harno Dwi Pranowo Hendry Tri Sakti Saragih Hiqmah Yusi Yana ILG Nurtjahjaningsih, ILG JAKA WIDADA Krisnanda Surya Dharma Krisnanda Surya Dharma L. Hartanto Nugroho Lailaty, Intani Quarta Liliana Baskorowati Lindia Anggraini Lindia Anggraini Lisna Hidayati Mashudi Mashudi Megayani Sri Rahayu Mirtani Naima Muhammad Imam Surya Muhammad Nursid Mustafid Rasyiid Naima, Mirtani Nastiti Wijayanti Nastiti Wijayanti Nastiti Wijayanti Nastiti Wijayanti Nastiti, Anisa Diana Novitasari, Laras Nugroho, Hartanto Nurrahmi Dewi Fajarningsih, Nurrahmi Dewi Pascal MONTORO Purnomo Purnomo Qulbi, Siti Shofa Assyifa Rahma Nurdiyanti Rahma Nurdiyanti Rahmawati, Rahmawati Ramadhani, Fathur Syahrian Rendi Mahadi Rendi Mahadi Respati Tri Swasono Rina Laksmi Hendrati Rina Sri Kasiamdari Riris Istighfari Jenie Riska Wulansari Roberdi, Roberdi Rohman, Randi Abdur Ronny Martien Rudi Hari Murti Rudi Hari Murti Sebastian, Alfino Setiowati, Retno Diah Sigit Dwi Maryanto Sri Wening Sudarsono Sugeng Pudjiono, Sugeng SUKIRNO Sumardi . Surta, Muhammad Imam Susanto, Febri Adi Tony Liwang Tri Joko Raharjo Tri Joko Raharjo Tri Wibawa Triyaningsih Triyaningsih, Triyaningsih Utomo, Condro Wibisono, Mochamat Gunawan Wulansari, Riska Yekti Asih Purwestri Yosi Bayu Murti Zulkifli Zulkifli