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Pemberatan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Rangka Penegakan Hukum Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Sebagaimana Diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 (Studi Putusan Nomor 6/Pid/TPK/2023/PT.DKI) Gunawan, Indra; Maryano, Maryano; Mau, Hedwig A
Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Hukum Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): SAINMIKUM : Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Hukum, Februari 202
Publisher : Lumbung Pare Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60126/sainmikum.v2i1.826

Abstract

Tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia, sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 (UU PTPK), memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Sebagai kejahatan luar biasa (extraordinary crime), korupsi berdampak luas, merusak tatanan kehidupan bangsa, serta merampas hak ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat. Tindak pidana korupsi apabila dilihat dari subjeknya selain pegawai negeri, pegawai swasta atau non-pegawai negeri dapat menjadi subjek dari UU PTPK. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari ketentuan Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 UU PTPK. Penyalahgunaan Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori penafsiran hukum, teori kepastian hukum. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Sehubungan dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, maka pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Dalam Putusan Nomor 6/Pid/TPK/2023/PT.DKI, pemberatan terhadap pelaku korupsi didasarkan pada Pasal 2 ayat (1) juncto Pasal 18 UU PTPK juncto Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHPidana, dengan mempertimbangkan unsur memperkaya diri, penyalahgunaan jabatan, dan kerugian negara, serta faktor pemberat seperti besarnya kerugian negara, peran terdakwa, dampak terhadap masyarakat, dan keadaan tertentu yang memperburuk keadaan. Meskipun memenuhi syarat untuk dikenai pidana mati sesuai Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU PTPK, Majelis Hakim hanya menjatuhkan pidana penjara dan denda berdasarkan Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU PTPK.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kreditur Konkuren atas Harta Pailit Debitor yang Disita Pidana Lingga, Win Salamsyah; Maryano, Maryano; Mustofa, Marni Emmy
CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, Juni 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/cendekia.v2i6.1437

Abstract

Ketentuan Pasal 31 ayat (2) UU Kepailitan dan PKPU menyatakan bahwa semua penyitaan yang telah dilakukan menjadi hapus dan jika diperlukan Hakim Pengawas harus memerintahkan pencoretannya. Namun dalam prakteknya ketika harta pailit yang telah disita umum dan kurator melakukan pemberesan oleh kurator ternyata ada indikasi bahwa harta tersebut terkait dengan tindak pidana, sehingga harta debitor tersebut dilakukan sita pidana. Adapaun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana akibat hukum bagi kreditur konkuren atas sita pidana terhadap sita umum sebagai akibat putusan pernyataan pailit? Serta bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditur konkuren atas harta pailit debitor yang disita pidana? Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori perlindungan hukum menurut Satijipto Rahardjo dan teori kepailitan universalitas menurut Michelle Dean. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, konseptual dan analitis. Sumber bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini hanyalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum studi pustaka. Adapun analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan penafsiran gramatikal dan penafsiran sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akibat hukum bagi kreditur konkuren atas sita pidana terhadap sita umum sebagai akibat putusan pernyataan pailit yaitu berubah atau lenyapnya suatu keadaan hukum dimana kreditur konkuren tidak memperoleh haknya atas pemberesan harta pailit, hal tersebut dikarenakan penyitaan pidana mendahului sita umum kepailitan karena sita pidana merupakan bagian dari hukum publik, dimana karakteristik hukum publik adalah mengatur dan melindungi kepentingan umum menjadikan hukum publik memiliki kekhususan tersendiri untuk didahulukan dibandingkan dengan hukum privat.Perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditur konkuren atas harta pailit debitor yang disita pidana yaitu kreditur konkuren berhak mengajukan gugatan dengan diwakili oleh kurator guna melaksanakan tugas pengurusan dan pemberesan atas harta pailit berupa pengajuan gugatan praperadilan untuk mengangkat sita pidana yang terjadi lebih dulu berdasarkan Pasal 82 ayat (1) KUHAP. Apabila sita umum pailit lebih dulu, maka kurator dapat mengajukan gugatan perlawanan pihak ketiga terhadap penyitaan di pengadilan niaga berdasarkan Pasal 3 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan PKPU.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work in Southeast Asia: A Desktop Study of Opportunities, Challenges, and Workforce Readiness Alan, Alan Robert White; Darodjat, Tubagus Achmad; Maryano, Maryano
PENANOMICS: International Journal of Economics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penanomics.v4i2.224

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining the global labor landscape, presenting both opportunities for economic growth and risks of workforce displacement. This desktop study investigates the impact of AI on employment trends in Southeast Asia, with a focus on how regional economies such as Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand are adapting. Drawing from recent literature, policy analysis, and international reports, the study identifies workforce readiness, inclusive skilling initiatives, and collaborative governance as critical factors for harnessing AI’s benefits. Findings suggest that despite progress in digital infrastructure and training investments, the region faces significant challenges related to inequality, preparedness, and digital skill gaps. The paper concludes by recommending comprehensive policies for inclusive AI adoption, sustained investment in education, and adaptive labor systems.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM DELIK PENYUAPAN DAN GRATIFIKASI DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI INDONESIA Agil, Marwan; Maryano, Maryano; Kristiawanto, Kristiawanto
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1598

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implementation of bribery and gratuity offenses and analyze the form of law enforcement against bribery and gratuities in corruption cases in Indonesia in the future.  The method used is the normative or doctrinal research method. In this study, the implementation of the bribery and gratuity offense (ius constitutum) applied is Article 5 paragraph (2) jo Article 5 paragraph (1) of Law No.31/1999 as amended by Law No.20/2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (PTPK Law) with the occurrence of simultaneous regulations (concursusu idealis), so that law enforcement both Police Investigators, Prosecutors, and KPK must apply article 12 letter a or b. The results of this study show that in several Court Decisions such as Decision Number 10/PID. SUS-TPK/2021/PT DKI jo Decision Number 234 K/Pid.Sus/2009 jo Decision Number 286/Pid-Sus-TPK/2016/PN SBY, one of the articles that is often charged by prosecutors, namely Article 5 paragraph (2) compared to using Article 12 letter a or b, even though there is a basis for criminal ballasty, namely by using positions and joint regulations so that the right article to be used is Article 12 letter a or b
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS LPG 3 KG BERSUBSIDI: UPAYA PREVENTIF TERHADAP PENYALAHGUNAAN OLEH PELAKU USAHA Wanti, Tiara Yuliana; Maryano, Maryano; Achmad Fitrian
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 3: Agustus 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Fenomena penyalahgunaan tabung gas LPG 3 kilogram bersubsidi oleh pelaku usaha di Indonesia menciptakan tantangan besar dalam implementasi kebijakan perlindungan konsumen. Meskipun subsidi ini dirancang untuk membantu masyarakat miskin, praktik ilegal seperti pengoplosan, penjualan di atas harga eceran tertinggi, dan distribusi yang tidak tepat sasaran masih sering terjadi. Fenomena ini menimbulkan risiko keamanan bagi konsumen dan memengaruhi keadilan distribusi subsidi. Penelitian ini mengguganakan dua teori yaitu: Teori Perlindungan Hukum digunakan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana menjaga ketertiban, ketentraman, dan memastikan hak-hak individu dilindungi dari kesewenang-wenangan. dan Teori Tanggung Jawab Hukum digunakan untuk bagaimana menetapkan dan menentukan siapa yang bertanggung jawab secara hukum atas suatu perbuatan atau tindakan yang merugikan pihak lain, sehingga dapat diterapkan sanksi atau kewajiban hukum yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyalahgunaan LPG bersubsidi oleh pelaku usaha meliputi berbagai bentuk, seperti pengoplosan isi tabung, distribusi ke konsumen yang tidak berhak, dan penimbunan untuk meningkatkan harga jual. Praktik-praktik ini melanggar peraturan distribusi yang telah ditetapkan dan menimbulkan risiko keamanan, kerugian ekonomi, serta ketidakadilan bagi konsumen miskin yang menjadi target subsidi. Perlindungan hukum preventif dapat dilakukan melalui penguatan pengawasan distribusi menggunakan teknologi digital, seperti sistem berbasis data penerima manfaat untuk memastikan subsidi tepat sasaran. Edukasi masyarakat terkait hak konsumen dan bahaya penyalahgunaan LPG juga menjadi salah satu upaya preventif untuk memberi pemahaman terhadap masyarakat mengenai penggunaan LPG bersubsidi yang aman.
Kepastian Hukum Kewenangan Diskresi Direksi BUMN dalam Perspektif Prinsip Good Corporate Governance Herwibowo, Bambang Hajar; Maryano, Maryano; Mau, Hedwig A.
CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/cendekia.v2i8.1662

Abstract

This study examines the legal certainty of the discretionary authority of Directors of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from the perspective of the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The issue arises when discretionary powers, which are intended to serve the business interests of the company, result in losses that are deemed state financial losses, thereby creating the potential for the criminalization of business decisions. This phenomenon reflects legal uncertainty and the suboptimal application of GCG principles as guidelines in strategic decision-making by SOE directors. The research employs a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed deductively. The analysis focuses on the regulation of SOE directors’ discretionary authority based on Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, Law Number 19 of 2003 concerning State-Owned Enterprises and its amendments, as well as other relevant regulations, using the principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and fairness as benchmarks. The findings reveal that, normatively, the discretionary authority of directors has a clear legal basis, but its implementation still faces obstacles such as regulatory overlap, differing interpretations by law enforcement authorities, and the absence of clear technical guidelines to distinguish between reasonable business losses and unlawful acts. Consistent enforcement of GCG principles can prevent the abuse of authority and protect directors from the risk of criminalization, provided that decisions are made in good faith, with due care, and free from conflicts of interest. Therefore, harmonization of regulations, strengthening of operational guidelines, and the establishment of an effective oversight system are required to ensure that SOE directors’ discretion can be exercised in an accountable manner while remaining adaptive to business dynamics.
Legal Inconsistencies in the Criminalization of Fraud: Toward a Harmonized International Criminal Framework Iqbal, Mochamad; Maryano, Maryano; Darodjat, Tubagus Achmad
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Journal Evidence Of Law (Agustus)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v4i2.1525

Abstract

Fundamental differences in the definitions, criminalization, and enforcement procedures of transnational fraud have created significant obstacles to international criminal law cooperation. This study aims to identify legal inconsistencies in twelve jurisdictions and to formulate a normative harmonization framework applicable to the handling of transnational fraud. Through a comparative legal approach and doctrinal analysis, the study finds that regulatory fragmentation not only weakens the effectiveness of law enforcement but also hinders the restoration of victims’ rights and the application of substantive justice principles. This study proposes an integrated framework encompassing universal definitions, minimum procedural standards, and victim-centered cooperation mechanisms. These findings are expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for developing more inclusive and responsive international legal instruments to address the challenges of transnational fraud.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMENANG LELANG  ATAS TANAH SEBAGAI OBJEK LELANG  YANG TIDAK DAPAT DINIKMATI Ekwanto, Hafiz Nur; Maryano, Maryano; Hutomo, Putra
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1628

Abstract

One of the most difficult execution processes for those seeking justice is the execution process based on the Deed of Assignment of Mortgage Rights. Obstacles that arise include when the auction buyer attempts to execute the mortgage but discovers that the mortgaged object has been leased by another party, the collateral object is in dispute with another party, or the object has been sold or transferred without the creditor's knowledge. The research questions are: How is the legal protection afforded to the auction winner for an object that cannot be enjoyed? And what are the legal consequences for the auction winner who cannot enjoy the land as the auction object? This research uses the Legal Protection Theory, which provides protection for human rights harmed by others, and this protection is provided by law. The Legal Consequence Theory, which explains the emergence of rights and obligations arising from legal relationships, whether due to legal acts such as agreements or legal events such as birth or death. The type of research used by the author in this thesis is normative juridical legal research. Research that uses entirely secondary data can be abandoned in developing a tentative theoretical framework, but developing a conceptual framework is absolutely necessary. Therefore, in developing a conceptual framework, formulations contained in statutory regulations are necessary. The theory of protection emphasizes the importance of preventive and repressive legal protection for every legal subject, including auction winners who obtain their rights through a legitimate auction process. However, its implementation in practice still shows inequality. There is still a need to improve the understanding of the community and banking parties regarding their rights and obligations in the implementation of auctions, including the importance of the principle of prudence as tested first in court so that there is legal certainty if the auction winner's application is granted, it will be ne bis in idem if it is sued again, at the time before carrying out the execution so that the legal consequences that arise can run according to the objectives of the law
KEPASTIAN  HUKUM  EKSEKUSI  JAMINAN  FIDUSIA  TANPA  MELALUI  PUTUSAN  PENGADILAN TERHADAP  OBJEK  JAMINAN  YANG  TIDAK  DISERAHKAN  SECARA  SUKARELA  PASCA  PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 2/PUU-XIX/2021 Rahmansyah, Fuad; Maryano, Maryano; TW, Gatut Hendro
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1650

Abstract

The objectives of this thesis research are: 1) To analyze the execution of fiducia security without a court ruling when the debtor does not voluntarily surrender the collateral object after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021. 2) To analyze the legal certainty for creditors against potential losses arising from the forced execution of fiducia security without a court ruling after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/202. This study emphasizes the theories of legal certainty and contract law.The research method used is normative juridical research, which involves studying literature or secondary data as the primary source. This is done by conducting a search on the researched issues. The results of this thesis research are: 1) The execution of fiducia security without a court ruling when the debtor does not voluntarily surrender the collateral object after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 substantially weakens the execution rights for creditors. The researcher argues that the ruling is based on a mistaken and inconsistent understanding of fiducia legal concepts. The researcher asserts that the execution of fiducia security, whether through parate executie or the Implementation of an Executorial Title, is essentially a coercive action to fulfill a defaulting debtor's obligations. The Constitutional Court's ruling, which redefines parate executie as "voluntary execution" (only possible if the debtor voluntarily surrenders the collateral), is considered non-operational and contradicts the very essence of execution. The researcher highlights the ambiguity in the court's reasoning, which equates the Implementation of an Executorial Title (which should be carried out by a court) with parate executie (carried out by the creditor). The researcher argues that parate executie should be the primary option for its efficiency, while the Implementation of an Executorial Title serves as an "emergency door" if parate executie fails. By eliminating parate executie as a coercive action, creditors lose a fast, effective, and efficient execution mechanism. This creates a loophole for debtors acting in bad faith to delay payments, causing financial losses for creditors. 2) Regarding legal certainty for creditors against potential losses from the forced execution of fiducia security without a court ruling after Constitutional Court Ruling Number 2/PUU-XIX/202, the researcher argues that while a court ruling has binding legal force (res judicata pro veritate habetur), it must be based on strong legal logic, not just formal validity. The researcher rejects the legalistic paradigm and emphasizes the importance of judges examining essential legal norms and principles, such as the principle of good faith, to ensure substantial justice and prevent arbitrary actions. This Constitutional Court ruling significantly harms creditors by removing parate executie (direct execution) as a coercive measure. The ruling requires that execution can only be carried out if the debtor acknowledges default and voluntarily surrenders the collateral. Otherwise, execution must go through the courts, which contradicts the spirit of efficiency in the Fiducia Security Law. The researcher confirms that the correct concept is the transfer of ownership as collateral (proforma or fiction), which is protected by the verval beding principle (Article 33 of the Fiducia Security Law) that prohibits the full transfer of ownership upon default. This error makes the court's argument about the debtor being in a "state of not being completely free" irrelevant. As a result of this ruling, creditors lose their right to a quick and efficient execution. Debtors acting in bad faith can exploit this legal loophole to delay payments or even abscond with the collateral, causing greater financial losses for creditors. This undermines the principle of easy-to-execute collateral and creates an imbalance that is detrimental to creditors.
PENERAPAN TINDAK PIDANA PENIPUAN DAN PENGGELAPAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERJANJIAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI Santoso, Budi; Maryano, Maryano; Ismed, Mohamad
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1666

Abstract

  This phenomenon frequently occurs in cooperative practices between industrial companies and waste management operators, where business actors fail to fulfill their contractual obligations, such as not processing waste in accordance with established procedures, concealing essential facts, or abusing trust for personal gain. Such actions may be classified as the criminal offense of fraud as stipulated in Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) and embezzlement under Article 372 of the KUHP.The research problems in this study are: (1) How is the application of the criminal offenses of fraud and embezzlement in the implementation of industrial waste management agreements? and (2) How are legal protection measures provided to the aggrieved party in the execution of such agreements?The research method employed is normative juridical, using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results of the study indicate that although an agreement constitutes a civil legal relationship, if there is malicious intent (mens rea) from the outset, such conduct may be brought into the realm of criminal law. Furthermore, law enforcement against perpetrators may be pursued through criminal proceedings by law enforcement authorities, while victims may seek remedies through both criminal and civil legal channels as forms of legal protection.This study contributes to strengthening legal certainty and legal protection for parties involved in non-B3 waste management agreements, as well as serving as a preventive measure against crimes detrimental to the environment and society. The core analysis of this study focuses on material losses, the object of the agreement (non-B3 waste), and the ownership of waste materials in accordance with the contractual terms.