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Solubility Enhancement Methods Of Efavirenz : A Review febryanto, hery diar; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Husni, Patihul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 3, Sept - Dec 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i3.64166

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a global public health concern due to its progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the associated high morbidity and mortality rates. Efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral drug, is widely used to manage HIV/AIDS. However, EFV exhibits poor aqueous solubility and variable bioavailability, necessitating techniques to enhance its solubility and dissolution for improved therapeutic efficacy. This study reviewed methods to enhance EFV solubility using data from research published between 2019 and 2023. Various approaches, including Nano Micelles, Wet Milling, Co-crystals, Physical Mixtures, Nanocrystals, Dry Milling, and Liquisolid techniques, were analysed. The results demonstrated significant solubility enhancements. For instance, Fuentes (2024) achieved a 50% dissolution efficiency using Nano Micelles, while wet milling by Prado (2024) increased dissolution from 83.48% to 99.10% over 150 minutes. Co-crystals, such as those studied by Gowda (2022), improved solubility from 94.16 µg/mL (pure EFV) to 197.32 µg/mL (EFV-DL-Alanine). Sartori's (2022) Nanocrystals technique demonstrated a dissolution efficiency of 98.41%. Furthermore, physical mixtures like Nel's (2022) combination of EFV with pea protein isolate achieved a solubility increase from 1.00 mg/mL to 2.30 mg/mL. These methods highlight advancements in solubility enhancement techniques that improve EFV’s pharmacokinetic profile. These findings can guide the development of more effective pharmaceutical formulations, improving treatment outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
Penyuluhan Pembuatan Gummy Candies Daun Kelor untuk Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Slateng Kabupaten Jember Mikhania Christiningtyas Eryani; Denok Risky Ayu Paramita; Agnis Pondineka Ria Aditama; Kukuh Judy Handojo
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): May
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v4i2.7457

Abstract

This service activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers in Slateng village, Jember, regarding making Moringa Leaves Gummy Candies to prevent stunting in toddlers. The method of implementing this service used interactive counseling. The instrument for evaluating this service was a questionnaire, which was analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and quantitatively. The results of this service showed that the knowledge and skills of mothers as extension participants increased. It was evidenced by the data before the service process was carried out, the average participant knowledge was 66.25, and after the service was carried out, it became 70.62, so that there was a 4.37% increase in knowledge participants
Pelatihan Santripreneur: Pembuatan Sabun Padat Berbasis Limbah Kopi dan Implementasi Digital Marketing Wijiani, Nina; Alishlah, Tanfidz; Muthi'atul, Bannan; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Zulvania, Clarissa Najwa; Balqis, Aura Inzalna; Claudia Fortunata, Florensia Grace
ABDIMASKU : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Vol 8, No 3 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS DIAN NUSWANTORO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62411/ja.v8i3.3062

Abstract

Pondok pesantren (ponpes) merupakan salah satu kekuatan dalam mengembangkan sumber daya manusia. Ponpes tidak hanya membekali santri dengan pengetahuan agama namun juga perlu memberdayakan santri dalam mengasah skill sehingga kelak ketika lulus dari ponpes bisa mandiri secara ekonomi. Salah satu skill penting di dunia modern saat ini adalah skill kewirausahaan untuk menciptakan peluang usaha dan meningkatkan ekonomi dalam masyarakat. Ponpes Putri Ibnu Katsir Jember adalah salah satu ponpes yang sangat mendukung hal tersebut, namun karena keterbatasan sumber daya dana dan manusia, kegiatan peningkatan skill santri dalam berwirausaha belum dapat dilakukan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan pembuatan produk sabun padat dengan memanfaatkan limbah kopi yang tidak terpakai, serta implementasi digital marketing dalam mempromosikan produk yang sudah dibuat. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan interaktif, praktik pembuatan produk, dan evaluasi berupa pretest serta posttest. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman santri dalam teori dan teknik pembuatan sabun padat, serta pengetahuan terhadap digital marketing. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil rata-rata nilai pre-test peserta di awal kegiatan yaitu 60,4, lalu pada nilai post-test meningkat menjadi 87,2. Berdasar hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan skill kewirausahaan para santri.
Penyuluhan Interaktif Tentang Pubertas dan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja bagi Siswa SMP Negeri 14 Jember Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Winarti, Lina; Wardhani, Firdha Aprilia
Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): November
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jpu.v5i4.12879

Abstract

This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of students of SMP Negeri 14 Jember regarding puberty and reproductive health in order to realize healthy adolescents for Indonesia Emas 2045. The method used in this activity is the interactive counseling method. The evaluation instrument for this community service is a questionnaire and is analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the community service show that there is an increase in student knowledge which initially had a score of 41.4 before the counseling to 84.1 after the counseling. So that the increase in participant scores after the community service process was carried out was 42.7 or 103%. Through this community service activity, adolescents at SMP Negeri 14 Jember increased their knowledge, especially regarding puberty and reproductive health.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Pasta Ekstrak Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) Dan Cangkang Telur Ayam Dengan CMC Na Sebagai Pengikat Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Aditama , Agnis Pondineka Ria
Journal of Agropharmacy Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/joa.v1i2.1265

Abstract

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) is a natural ingredient that can prevent tooth decay due to plaque. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of binahong extract paste and chicken egg shells with various concentrations of CMC Na as a binder. The paste was formulated with various concentrations of CMC Na, namely 1.5% (F1), 2% (F2) and 2.5% (F3). The physical properties of the paste studied included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and foam height. The results showed that variations in the concentration of CMC Na affected the organoleptic physical properties of color, viscosity and foam height of the paste. However, variations in the concentration of CMC Na had no effect on the pH and spreadability of the paste.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Blush On Powder Ekstrak Buah Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Syuhuriah, Ainin; Azizah, Siti Nur; Husni, Patihul
Journal of Agropharmacy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Blush on is a cosmetic product that is used to provide color or add aesthetics to facial makeup. Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains red carotenoid pigments which can be used as natural dyes. This research aims to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of blush on tomato fruit extract with concentrations of 3% (F1),5% (F2) and 7% (F3). The results of organoleptic research showed that F1 was light orange, F2 was bright orange and F3 was bright orange. The entire formula smells of rosae, has a smooth and homogeneous texture. The pH value of the entire formula is 6.0. Evaluation of spreadability shows that the entire formula adheres after 5 applications. The conclusion of this research is that tomato fruit extract has an effect on the physical properties of blush on powder, namely organoleptic odor and color. However, it has no effect on organoleptic texture, pH, homogeneity and spreadability
Optimasi Moringa Gum dan Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa dalam Sediaan Mucoadhesive Buccal Film Diltiazem Hidroklorida Sari, Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala; Hanif, Mohammad Ainul Fakhruddin; Irawan, Eka Deddy; Winarti, Lina; Barikah, Kuni Zu’aimah; Rosyidi, Viddy Agustian; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Febryanto, Hery Diar
Journal of Agropharmacy Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Moringa gum is a natural polymer obtained from Moringa oleifera plant and has been used as a stabilizer, binder, disintegrant, and controlled release matrix. Moringa gum has a polyuronide group, which can potentially be a mucoadhesive agent. This study used moringa gum as a mucoadhesive agent in diltiazem HCl mucoadhesive buccal film. This research aimed to determine the effect of the combination of moringa gum and HPMC on surface pH, swelling index, and in-vitro mucoadhesive residence time. Mucoadhesive buccal films were evaluated for weight and thickness uniformity, folding resistance, drug content, surface pH, swelling index, in-vitro mucoadhesive residence time, and characterization in the form of FTIR and release studies. All formulations met the tests of uniformity of weight and thickness, folding resistance, and drug content. The results showed FB as the optimum formula with a surface pH of 5.803±0.101, a swelling index of 7.031±0.134, and a residence time of 505.67±4.51 minutes. FTIR showed no interaction, and the release study showed 82.197±1.178% release at 480 minutes. In conclusion, a combination of moringa gum and HPMC mucoadhesive buccal film has been successfully prepared with moringa gum as a mucoadhesive agent that increases the residence time.
Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Fisik Lipstik Dari Ekstrak Kulit Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.) Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Aditama, Agnis Pondineka Ria; Husni, Patihul; Permatasari, Lina Putri
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Volume 12 No 3
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v12i3.417

Abstract

Lipstick is a cosmetic used to add color to the lips. Natural dyes that can be used as a lipstick component are beet (Beta vulgaris L.) skin extract. The skin of beet contains betacyanin which can give color to the lips. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of beet skin extract on the physical properties of lipstick. There are 3 lipstick formulas used with a 1% (F1), 2% (F2), and 3% (F3) concentration of beet skin extract. The research results show that F1 is pink, F2 is red, and F3 is dark red. The entire formula has even spreadability. The pH values of F1, F2, and F3 are 4.9±0.173, 5±0.3, and 5.3±0, respectively. The melting points of F1, F2, and F3 are 50.66±1.15°C, 52.66±1.15°C, and 53.66±0.58°C, respectively. The conclusion of this study is that variations in the concentration of beet extract affect the color, pH, and melting point of lipstick but do not affect the spreadability of lipstick.
Pengembangan Sediaan Losio Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih Husni, Patihul; Budianto, Muhamad Oke; Baitariza, Ardian; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Febryanto, Hery Diar; Januarti, Melinda
JURNAL FARMASI GALENIKA Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Volume 12 No 3
Publisher : Universitas Bhakti Kencana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70410/jfg.v12i3.419

Abstract

White dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is a tropical fruit from a type of cactus plant that contains various powerful antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best lotion formula containing extract of white dragon fruit based on physical evaluation. Three lotion formulas (F1, F2, F3) containing 7,5% white dragon fruit extract were prepared in this study. Physical assessment of the lotion preparation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH determination, and viscosity evaluation. The results showed that the preparation was in the form of a liquid and homogeneous lotion with a white color and a rose odor. The pH of the preparation was around 5.2-6.5 with a viscosity between 1200-1800 cps. F3 is the best lotion formula based on physical evaluation during four weeks of storage with a composition of 7.5% white dragon fruit extract, 1% glycerin, 0.05% triethanolamine, 3% liquid paraffin, 0,3% methyl paraben, 2% dimethicone, 2% stearyl alcohol, 1.5% glycerol monostearate, 3% virgin coconut oil, 0.1% disodium edetate, 3% cetyl alcohol, 0.2% titanium dioxide, parfum qs, and aquadest ad 100%.
Optimization of Hydrolyzed Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) Starch as Natural Superdisintegrant in Promethazine HCl Sublingual Tablets Winarti, Lina; Asrofi, Muhammad; Lubis, Maralodia Almira; Lestari, Tirtawati Putri; Sari, Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala; Irawan, Eka Deddy; Febryanto, Hery Diar; Afthoni, Muhammad Hilmi; Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.502-514

Abstract

Acid hydrolysis of pumpkin starch is a feasible strategy for developing novel pharmaceutical excipients, particularly natural superdisintegrants for sublingual and orally disintegrating tablet formulations. Given the requirement for extremely rapid tablet disintegration in sublingual dosage forms, selecting an efficient disintegrant is a critical formulation parameter. However, native pumpkin starch exhibits limited disintegration efficiency and generally requires high concentrations, which may adversely affect tablet hardness and friability. This study aimed to optimize the acid hydrolysis process of pumpkin starch and to evaluate the performance of the optimized hydrolyzed starch as a natural superdisintegrant in Promethazine HCl sublingual tablets. A factorial design was used to examine the impact of varying hydrolysis durations (3-9 days) and hydrochloric acid concentration (5-9%) on the physicochemical characteristics of the modified starch. The optimized hydrolyzed starch demonstrated a near-neutral pH (5.17 ± 0.03), acceptable moisture content (LOD 10.20 ± 0.44%), and excellent flow properties, as indicated by a low angle of repose (23.96°) and Carr’s index (9.99%). Scanning electron microscopy revealed increased surface irregularity and porosity, while FTIR analysis indicated enhanced exposure of hydroxyl groups, consistent with partial depolymerization of the starch polymer. The amylose content increased to 35.17%, accompanied by improved water uptake and swelling capacity. The effective pore radius (25.03 ± 0.35 µm) and swelling index (70.25 ± 0.57) were markedly higher than those of native pumpkin starch (12.27 µm and 44.30 ± 0.85, respectively), although slightly lower than crospovidone (27.65 µm and 99.97 ± 0.13). Incorporation of the hydrolyzed starch into Promethazine HCl sublingual tablets resulted in formulations with adequate mechanical strength (hardness 3.35 ± 0.05 kg), low friability (0.53 ± 0.04%), rapid disintegration (49.18 ± 0.75 s), and high drug release (96.79 ± 0.13%). These performances were comparable to those of crospovidone and superior to formulations containing native pumpkin starch. The improved tablet characteristics were primarily attributed to enhanced porosity and swelling capacity induced by acid hydrolysis. Overall, optimized hydrolyzed pumpkin starch demonstrates considerable potential as a sustainable, biodegradable, and cost-effective natural superdisintegrant for fast-disintegrating pharmaceutical tablet formulations.