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Viscosity and energy density tests on suction pudding formulations as an intervention for hypoalbuminemia Delima, Cyntia; Ningsih, Windi Indah Fajar; Rahmiwati, Anita; Syafutri, Merynda Indriyani; Harwanto, Fatria; Ramdika, Sari Bema
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 4, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(4).260-267

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi rendahnya kadar albumin di dalam tubuh (serum< 3,5 g/dL) karena tubuh tidak cukup memproduksi protein albumin atau ketika tubuh kehilangan banyak albumin dalam tinja dan urin. Hipoalbuminemia dapat diintervensi dengan makanan tinggi protein. Putih telur, susu skim dan ikan gabus dapat diolah menjadi makanan selingan berupa pudding sebagai intervensi gizi untuk penderita hipoalbuminemia. Viskositas dan densitas energi menjadi parameter penilaian mutu fisik dan kimia pada produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ikan gabus, susu skim dan putih telur terhadap viskositas dan densitas energi pada puding sedot.Metode: Penelitian eksperimen pembuatan puding sedot dengan empat formula. Perbandingan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim yang berbeda, yaitu formulasi A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulasi B (10.41% : 0%: 10.41%), formulasi C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), dan formulasi D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). Analisis viskositas enggunakan viskometer Brookfield NDJ-8S dan metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian analisis lemak adalah pendekatan gravimetri, metode Kjeldahl untuk penentuan protein, dan metode perbedaan untuk mengevaluasi kandungan karbohidrat. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Nilai densitas energi puding sedot didapatkan dari hasil perbandingan antara kandungan energi dan berat pudding sedot. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Hasil: Formulasi A, B, C dan D dibedakan berdasarkan perbandingan kandungan ikan gabus, putih telur dan susu skim. Formulasi A (ikan gabus 6.94%: putih telur 6.94%: susu skim 6.94%), formulasi B (ikan gabus 10.41% : putih telur 0%: susu skim 10.41%), formulasi C (ikan gabus 0%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 10.41%), dan formulasi D (ikan gabus 10.41%: putih telur 10.41%: susu skim 0%). Hasil uji viskositas formulasi A, B, C dan D dalam kategori viskositas tinggi. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata nilai viskositas antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.346). Hasil densitas energi formulasi A, B, dan C dalam kategori densitas energi rendah sedangkan formulasi D sangat rendah. Ada perbedaan nyata densitas energi antara formulasi A, B, C dan D (p-value=0.000). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan perbandingan putih telur, susu skim dan ikan gabus tidak memengaruhi viskositas pudding sedot, namun memiliki pengaruh terhadap densitas energi. Semakin besar kandungan energi pada bahan utama maka akan semakin besar densitas energi puding sedot. KATA KUNCI: albumin; ikan gabus; pudding; putih telur; susu skim bubuk ABSTRACTBackground: Hypoalbuminemia is a condition of low albumin levels in the body (serum <3.5 g/dL) because the body does not produce enough of albumin protein or when the body loses a lot of albumin in faeces and urine. Hypoalbuminemia can be treated with high protein foods. Egg whites, skim milk and snakehead can be processed into a snack such as pudding as a nutritional intervention for hypoalbuminemia. Viscosity and energy density are parameters used to assess food’s physical and chemical quality.Objectives: to determine the effect of adding snakehead fish, skim milk, and egg whites on the viscosity and energy density of sucked pudding. Methods: This is experimental research using four formulas. The ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites, and skim milk is different. Formulation A (6.94%: 6.94%: 6.94%), formulation B (10.41%: 0%: 10.41%), formulation C (0%: 10.41%: 10.41%), and formulation D (10.41%: 10.41%:0%). The viscosity analysis used a Brookfield NDJ-8S viscometer and the methods used for fat analysis testing were the gravimetric approach, the Kjeldahl method for protein determination, and the difference method to evaluate carbohydrate content. The energy density value of sucked pudding was obtained from the comparison between energy content and weight of sucked pudding. The data obtained were analyzed bivariately using the one-way ANOVA followed by the DMRT for further testing.Results: Formulations A, B, C and D were differentiated based on the ratio of snakehead fish, egg whites and skim milk. Formulation A (snakehead fish 6.94% : egg white 6.94%: skim milk 6.94%), formulation B (snakehead fish 10.41%: egg white 0%: skim milk 10.41%), formulation C (snakehead fish 0%: egg white 10.41% : 10.41% skim milk), and formulation D (snakehead fish 10.41% : egg white 10.41% : skim milk 0%). The viscosity test results of formulations A, B, C and D are in the high viscosity category. There was no difference in viscosity values between formulations A, B, C, and D (p-value=0.346). The results of energy density of formulations A, B, and C are in the low energy density category while formulation D is very low. There is a significant difference in energy density between formulations A, B, C and D (p-value=0.000). Conclusions: Egg white, skim milk and snakehead fish do not affect the viscosity test but affect the energy density. The greater the energy content of the main ingredients, the greater the energy density of the suction pudding.KEYWORD: albumin; egg whites; pudding; skim milk; snakehead fish

The effect of delivering lectures assisted with guideline book and WhatsApp broadcasts on the knowledge and attitudes among pregnant women Hanifah, Rofi'atul; Budhiastuti, Uki Retno; Lestari, Anik
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 3, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).159-168

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Saat ini kejadian stunting masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan gizi yang terjadi pada balita di dunia. Balita stunting termasuk ke dalam masalah gizi kronik yang penyebabnya meliputi banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah gizi ibu saat kehamilan. Pengetahuan dan sikap gizi pada ibu hamil diupayakan dapat diubah melalui pendekatan secara sistematis dan terus-menerus terhadap ibu hamil. Salah satu cara yang akan digunakan adalah edukasi dengan menggunakan buku pedoman berisi materi seputar gizi kehamilanTujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian buku ceramah disertai buku pedoman dan WhatsApp broadcast terhadap perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil di Kabupaten PonorogoMetode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with non-equivalent control design. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh ibu hamil di Kabupaten Ponorogo sebanyak 54 responden yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok subjek yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Masing-masing kelompok akan diberikan pretest dan posttest. Kelompok kontrol adalah kelompok yang hanya mendapat edukasi gizi berupa ceramah, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan adalah kelompok yang mendapatkan edukasi gizi berupa ceramah disertai buku pedoman dan pesan broadcast melalui WhatsApp. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan Mann-Whitney U TestHasil: Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rerata yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada variabel pengetahuan gizi dan sikap gizi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol yaitu masing-masing kurang dari 0,001. Hasil uji Mann Whitney U Test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dengan nilai p value 0,042 pada variabel pengetahuan gizi namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) pada variabel sikap gizi dengan nilai p value 0,531Kesimpulan: Memberikan edukasi gizi melalui ceramah yang disertai dengan buku panduan dan pesan broadcast WhatsApp memiliki pengaruh pada pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil, tetapi tidak memiliki pengaruh pada sikap gizi ibu hamil.KATA KUNCI: buku; gizi; ibu hamil; pengetahuan; perilaku ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting remains one of major nutritional problems affecting toddlers worldwide. Stunted toddlers are categorized as experiencing chronic malnutrition, whose causes include various factors, one of which is maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Nutritional knowledge and attitudes among pregnant women can be altered through systematic and continuous approaches to education. One method used is education using guideline books containing pregnancy nutrition content.Objectives: To analyze the effect of delivering lectures assisted with guideline book and WhatsApp broadcasts on changes of the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women in Ponorogo Regency.Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest with non-equivalent control group design. It involved 54 pregnant women in Ponorogo Regency, divided into two groups: the control group and the intervention group. Each group underwent pre-tests and post-tests. The control group received nutritional education in the form of lectures only, while the intervention group received nutritional education through lectures assisted with guideline books and WhatsApp broadcasts. Statistical analyses included the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test.Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results indicated significant mean differences (p<0.05) in nutritional knowledge before and after the intervention in each treatment and control group, with p value less than 0.001. The results of the Mann Whitney U Test show that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) in the nutritional knowledge variable with p value 0,042, but there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the nutritional attitude variable with p value 0,531.Conclusions: Providing nutritional education through lectures assisted by a guideline book and WhatsApp broadcasts has an impact in the nutritional knowledge of pregnant women but does not have an impact on their nutritional attitudes.Keywords: behavior; book; knowledge; nutrition; pregnant womenReceived: 14 Jan 2024; Revised: 08 July 2024; Accepted: 20 Jan 2025; Available online: 30 May 2025; Published: 31 Mar 2025.

Analysis of stunting handling indicators based on SSGI 2022 data in Lampung Province: Multilevel analysis Betania, Sakha Ukta; Wiboworini, Budiyanti; Qadrijati, Isna
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 12 ISSUE 5, 2024
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(5).372-386

Background: The implementation of specific and sensitive nutrition interventions is an effort to prevent the increasing prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. However, not all target indicators performed optimally in their implementation, which could affect the increase in stunting prevalence.Objectives: Analyze the dominant factors of stunting incidence among toddlers aged 12-13 months from suboptimal handling of stunting in Lampung Province.Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey. The variables in this study were iron tablet consumption, exclusive breastfeeding, growth monitoring, primary immunization, access to drinking water, access to sanitation, and the incidence of stunting, and considering heterogeneity in subdisctrict and regencies/municipalities. The subjects were 1.929 toddlers aged 12-23 months, selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed with a frequency distribution table, a Chi-Square test, and a multilevel binary logistic regression test.Results: Chi-square test showed there was no relationship between iron tablet consumption (p=0.362; OR=1.14), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.164; OR=0.85), growth monitoring (p=0.807; OR=1.08), and access to sanitation (p=0.431; OR=1.18) with incidence of stunting. However, there was a relationship between primary immunization (p=0.008; OR=1.39) and acces to drinking water (p=0.023; OR=1.35). Multilevel test results showed that there was no effect of non-exclusive breastfeeding (aOR=0,84; p>0,05) not routine growth monitoring (aOR=1,03;p>0,05), inappropriate iron tablet consumption (aOR=1,14; p>0,05), inadequate access to sanitation (aOR=1,10; p>0,05), rural domicile (aOR = 1,03; p>0,05), number of community health centers (aOR=1,00; p>0,05) contour of mountain territory (aOR=0,89; p>0,05), and contour of water territory (aOR=0,83; p>0,05) with incidence of stunting. Household-level variation had the largest effect on stunting incidence, with an ICC of 7,63%.Conclusions: Incomplete primary immunization and inadequate access to drinking water were the dominant factors affecting stunting in toddlers aged 12-23 months in Lampung Province.

Relationship between ultra-processed food consumption with body fat percentage and blood pressure in adolescence Mariestu, Farah Kurnia; Wiboworini, Budiyanti; Budiastuti, Veronika Ika
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 4, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(4).268-275

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Makanan ultra proses mengandung kadar gula, lemak, dan garam yang tinggi sehingga mengkonsumsinya secara sering dapat meningkatkan lemak tubuh dan berat badan serta dapat menyebabkan hipertensi. Jenis makanan ini banyak dikonsumsi remaja. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan persen lemak tubuh dan tekanan darah pada remaja di SurakartaMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di lima Sekolah Menengan Atas (SMA) di Surakarta, Indonesia, di lima kecamatan berbeda. Sebanyak 114 siswa diseleksi melalui proportionate random sampling. Data yang diambil pada penelitian ini adalah konsumsi makanan ultra proses, persen lemak tubuh, dan tekanan darah. Konsumsi makanan ultra proses diukur menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Persen lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA) Omron BF-375. Tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer digital. Hubungan konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan persen lemak tubuh dan hubungan konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan tekanan darah dianalisis menggunakan Kendall's Ï„b.Hasil: Makanan ultra proses yang paling sering dikonsumsi oleh responden adalah kerupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengkonsumsi makanan ultra proses pada kuartil ke-3 (50%). Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan persen lemak tubuh (p-value 0,008). Nilai koefisien korelasi antar variabel dalam analisis tersebut diperoleh 0,216, artinya tingkat keeratan hubungan antar variabel sangat lemah dan memiliki arah hubungan yang positif. Sedangkan hasil analisis antara konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan tekanan darah pada remaja tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan (p-value 0,135).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan persen lemak tubuh dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan ultra proses dengan tekanan darah pada remaja. KATA KUNCI: Lemak tubuh, Makanan ultra proses, Remaja, Tekanan darah ABSTRACTBackground: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are high in sugar, fat, and salt, so consuming them frequently can increase body fat and weight and may also lead to hypertension. This type of food is widely consumed by adolescents.Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the consumption of UPFs, body fat percentage, and blood pressure among adolescents in Surakarta.Methods: This study employed an analytical observational research design utilizing a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in five senior high schools located in five distinct subdistricts of Surakarta City, Indonesia. A total of 114 students were selected using proportionate random sampling. The data collected in this study included UPFs consumption, body fat percentage, and blood pressure. Data on the consumption of UPFs were gathered using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using the Omron HBF-375 device was employed to assess body fat percentage, while a digital sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure. The relationships between the frequency of UPFs food consumption and blood pressure were analyzed using Kendall’s Ï„b.Results: The UPF's food that respondents most often consume is crackers. The result showed that most respondents consumed UPFs in the third quartile (50%). Statistically, there was a significant relationship between consumption of UPFs and percent body fat (p-value 0.008). The correlation coefficient value between variables in this analysis was obtained at 0.216, which means that the level of correlation closeness between variables is very weak and has a positive correlation direction. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis between consumption of UPFs and blood pressure in adolescents found no correlation (p-value 0.135).Conclusion: An association was found between the consumption of UPFs and body fat percentage in adolescents. However, no correlation was observed between the consumption of UPFs and blood pressure in this group. KEYWORD: adolescence; blood pressure; body fat; ultra-processed food (UPF)

Analysis of exclusive breastfeeding and history of infectious diseases for wasting in children aged 12 - 59 months Farida, Jauharotul; Salimo, Harsono; Sumardiyono, Sumardiyono
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 12 ISSUE 6, 2024
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(6).436-444

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Indonesia menghadapi beban tinggi wasting pada anak. Secara global pada tahun 2018, 1 dari 10 balita mengalami berat badan di bawah normal atau status gizi terlalu kurusuntuk seusianya. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023, prevalensi status gizi (BB/TB) pada anak usia 0-59 bulan di Indonesia mencapai 8,5%. Di Jawa Tengah prevalensi BB/TB tercatat sebesar 7,1% (wasting = 5,5% dan severely wasting = 1,6%), sementara Kudus memiliki prevalensi 8,7% di atas rata-rata Jawa Tengah. Banyak faktor yang diketahui berkontribusi terhadap wasting diantaranya: pemberian ASI eksklusif dan asupan vitamin A yang tidak memadai; pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang berkualitas; balita yang menderita sakit seperti diare, ISPA, kecacingan, dan penyakit infeksi lainnya; imunisasi tidak lengkap; keterlambatan penanganan balita yang sakit; dan lingkungan rumah yang kurang bersih.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA, dan tuberkulosis) dengan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control dengan 150 anak balita sebagai subjek penelitian (50 wasting dan 100 gizi normal). Pengambilan data dilakukan pengukuran BB dan TB menggunakan alat ukur digital, serta wawancara kepada orang tua/wali menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square.Hasil: Variabel yang mempunyai hubungan dan secara signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif (p-value=0.018). Sedangkan riwayat penyakit infeksi Diare (p-value=0.271), ISPA (p-value=0.950), dan Tuberkulosis (p-value=1.000) tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting di Kabupaten Kudus. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif pada anak balita mempunyai korelasi dengan kejadian wasting. Pemenuhan nutrisi balita dengan ASI eksklusif dapat menguatkan imunitas tubuh pada anak terhadap berbagai macam penyakit infeksi.KATA KUNCI: wasting; ASI eksklusif; diare; ISPA; tuberkulosis ABSTRACTBackground: Indonesia faces a high burden of wasting among children. Globally, 1 in 10 toddlers were underweight or wasting for their age in 2018. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of nutritional status (weight/height) among children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia reached 8.5%. In Central Java, the prevalence was 7.1% (wasting = 5.5% and severely wasting = 1.6%), while Kudus had a prevalence of 8.7%, above the Central Java average. Many factors are known to contribute to wasting, including inadequate exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A intake; poor-quality complementary feeding (MP-ASI; illnesses such as diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), worm infections, and other infectious diseases; incomplete immunization; delayed treatment of sick toddlers; and poor household hygiene. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and a history of infectious diseases (Diarrhea, ARI, and Tuberculosis) with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months.Methods: This case-control study involved 150 children (50 with wasting and 100 with normal nutrition status). Data was collected through Weight measurement using digital scales, Height measurement using digital TB measuring instruments, and interviews with parents/guardians using questionnaires. The data analysis used was univariate using frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square.Results: The variable that has a significant relationship with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months is exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.018). In comparison, the history of infectious diseases diarrhea (p-value = 0.271), ARI (p-value = 0.950), and tuberculosis (p-value = 1.000) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of Wasting in Kudus Regency.Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding in toddlers correlates with the incidence of wasting. Fulfilling toddler nutrition with exclusive breastfeeding can strengthen the child's body's immunity against various infectious diseases.KEYWORDS: wasting; exclusive breastfeeding; diarrhea; ARI; tuberculosis Received: Nov 26, 2024; Revised: Nov 12 2024; Accepted: Nov 28, 2024; Available online: Nov 30, 2024; Published: Nov 30, 2024.

Effect of antioxidant dietary behaviour in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk during COVID-19 pandemic Lorensia, Amelia; Suryadinata, Rivan Virlando
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 1, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(1).28-41

Background: Smokers are at risk of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)which has a risk of decreasing in quality of life because of lung function decline and smoking habits. Decreased lung function due to an increase in free radicals. Intake of foods that contain antioxidants can help reduce free radicals.Objectives: The research aimed to determine the effect of antioxidant intake (vitamins A, C, and E) on the development of COPD risk in active smokers.Methods: This study was conducted in May-July 2023 in Surabaya. This study used a cross-sectional design, with purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. The subjects were adult active smokers. Antioxidant intake consisted of the intake consumed by subjects daily containing vitamins A, vitamin C, and vitamin E using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method to describe nutritional intake in a certain period. COPD risk assessment was measured using a pulmonary function test with spirometry, with an assessment of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) below 0.70 defined as airflow limitation. The data were tested using the Spearman test to see the relationship between antioxidant intake from food and lung function.Results: This study involved 49 active smokers with COPD. Most subjects experienced deficiencies in vitamin A (77.55%), and vitamin C (87.76%), and all subjects experienced vitamin E deficiencies. The most consumed food containing vitamin A was palm oil, the most consumed food containing vitamin C was papaya, and the most consumed food containing vitamin E was chicken. There was no relationship between vitamin A and the development of COPD risk (Sig.=0.187; r=-0.192), but there was a significant relationship (weak negative) between vitamin C and the risk of developing COPD (Sig.=0.031; r=-0.309). All subjects had a deficiency of vitamin E.Conclusions: The lower the intake of vitamin C, the greater the risk of COPD which is characterized by decreased lung function.

Relationship between menopausal status, fat intake, and fiber intake with women cholesterol level Heldi, Ilza Wahyuni; Dewi, Mira; Briawan, Dodik
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 2, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).140-148

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor antara lain asupan lemak dan status menopause. Wanita menopause rentan mengalami kadar kolesterol tinggi karena pada wanita pascamenopause terjadi penurunan produksi hormon estrogen yang berfungsi mengatur metabolisme lipid. Asupan lemak yang tinggi mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol. Namun mengonsumsi asupan serat yang cukup dapat mengontrol kadar kolesterol agar tetap stabil. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai hubungan antara asupan lemak dan serat dengan kadar kolesterol. Namun, hanya sedikit yang melakukan penelitian pada wanita, terutama mengenai status menopause. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara status menopause, asupan lemak, dan asupan serat dengan kadar kolesterol wanita di indonesia.Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan subjek perempuan berusia 15-54 tahun di 10 provinsi di Indonesia. Kadar kolesterol darah diperoleh dari pengukuran darah kapiler dan asupan lemak dan serat diperoleh dari wawancara dengan metode SQ-FFQ yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan terampil. Status menopause diperoleh dari wawancara yang dilakukan oleh enumerator terlatih yang menanyakan riwayat menstruasi dalam satu tahun. Klasifikasi status menopause dibedakan menjadi belum menopause, pra menopause, dan pasca menopause. Hasil : Dari total 606 subjek, 122 subjek mempunyai kadar kolesterol tinggi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status menopause dengan kadar kolesterol (p<0,05) dengan tingkat korelasi r=0,013. Dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan lemak dan asupan serat dengan kadar kolesterol (p>0,05) dengan tingkat korelasi masing-masing r=0,060 dan r=0,297.Kesimpulan : Status menopause mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kadar kolesterol. KATA KUNCI : asupan lemak; asupan serat; kadar kolesterol; status menopause; wanita ABSTRACT Background : High cholesterol levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High cholesterol levels are caused by various factors including fat intake and menopausal status. Menopausal women are susceptible to high cholesterol levels because in postmenopausal women there is a decrease in the production of the hormone estrogen which functions to regulate lipid metabolism. High fat intake affects cholesterol levels. However, consuming sufficient fiber intake can control cholesterol levels so that they remain stable. Many studies have been conducted on the relationship between fat and fiber intake and cholesterol levels. But, only a few have studied in women, especially regarding menopausal status.Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between menopausal status, fat intake and fiber intake with cholesterol levels in Indonesian women.Methode : The design of this study was cross sectional with female subjects aged 15-54 years in 10 provinces in Indonesia. Subject selection will be carried out using purposive sampling methode. Blood cholesterol levels were obtained from capillary blood measurements and fat and fiber intake were obtained from interviews using SQ-FFQ method conducted by skilled health workers. Menopausal status was obtained from interviews conducted by trained enumerators who asked about menstrual history within one year. The classification of menopausal status is divided into not yet menopausal, pre-menopausal, and post-menopausal.Result : Of the total 606 subjects, 20,1% subjects had high cholesterol levels. The average fat intake of the subjects was 47.5 g or 75%. The average fiber intake of the subjects was 12.5 g or 42.6%. There is a significant relationship between menopausal status and cholesterol levels (p<0.05) with a correlation level of r=0.013. And there was no significant relationship between fat intake and fiber intake and cholesterol levels (p>0.05) with correlation levels of r=0.060 and r=0.297 respectively.Conclution : Menopausal status has a significant effect on cholesterol levels. KEY WORDS: cholesterol level; fat intake; fiber intake; menopausal status; women Received: 06 Jan 2025; Revised: 26 July 2024; Accepted: 26 Jan 2025; Available online: 30 Mar 2025; Published: 30 Mar 2025

Proximate levels, physical characteristics, and sensory characteristics of mocaf brownies with the addition of snakehead fish (Channa striata) Fitriyanti, Addina Rizky; Handarsari, Erma; Sunarto, Sunarto; Asysyifa, Rayyana Nur Aurora; Setiyawan, Teddy Hari; Sulisyaningrum, Hersanti; Luqyana, Novia Salma; Aufanida, Arnia Azahro
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 2, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).78-87

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pola konsumsi snack merupakan bagian dari pola makan. Brownies merupakan makanan tinggi energi yang populer karena mempunyai rasa yang lezat dan manis. Brownies adalah sejenis kue coklat yang mempunyai tekstur padat, tidak berongga, dan tidak begitu empuk karena brownies tidak membutuhkan pengembang atau gluten. Oleh karena itu brownies dapat dibuat dari tepung mocaf. Namun kandungan protein dalam tepung mocaf rendah sehingga perlu ditambahkan sumber protein seperti ikan gabus (Channa striata) untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar proksimat, karakteristik fisik, dan karakteristik sensori brownies mocaf dengan penambahan ikan gabus (Channa striata).Metode: Penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap untuk mengkaji kadar proksimat, karakteristik fisik, dan karakteristik sensori. Konsentrasi daging ikan gabus terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan (0 g, 60 g, 80 g, dan 100 g). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).Hasil: Brownies mocaf dengan penambahan ikan gabus mempunyai kadar air 39,2%-48,7%, kadar abu 1,4-1,5%, kadar protein 7,7-17,7%, kadar lemak 32,9-35,4%, dan kadar karbohidrat 9,4-22,2%. Analisis sifat fisik hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess elasticity, and adhesiveness masing-masing 3406,8-4228,4 g/mm, 0,4 g/mm, 1106,4-1560 g/mm, 6,6-8,7 g/mm, and 0,4-0,9 mj. Semakin banyak penambahan ikan gabus akan menurunkan nilai kesukaan brownies mocaf.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ikan gabus berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kadar air, kadar protein serta sifat sensoris warna, rasa, dan tekstur brownies mocaf. KATA KUNCI: brownies; ikan gabus; mocaf; pangan lokal; PMT-AS ABSTRACTBackground: Snack consumption patterns are part of eating patterns. Brownies are a popular high-energy food because they have a delicious and sweet taste. They are a type of chocolate cake with a dense texture that is not hollow and is not very soft because brownies do not require a developer or gluten. Therefore, brownies can be made from mocap flour. However, the protein content in mocap flour is low, so it is necessary to add protein sources such as snakehead fish (Channa striata) to increase nutritional value.Objectives: This research aims to analyze the proximate levels, physical characteristics, and sensory characteristics of brownies by adding snakehead fish.Methods: Experimental research using a completely randomized design to examine proximate levels and physical and sensory characteristics. The concentration of snakehead fish consists of 4 treatment levels (0 g, 60 g, 80 g, and 100 g.). Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).Results: Mocaf brownies with the addition of snakehead fish have a water content of 39.2%-48.7%, ash content of 1.4-1.5%, protein content of 7.7-17.7%, fat content of 32.9-35.4%, and carbohydrate content of 9.4-22.2%. Analysis of physical properties of hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess elasticity, and adhesive power were 3406.8-4228.4 g/mm, 0.4 g/mm, 1106.4-1560 g/mm, 6.6-8.7 g/mm, and 0.4-0.9 mj, respectively. The more snakehead fish added, the lower the preference value of mocaf brownies.Conclusions: The results showed that the addition of snakehead fish had a significant effect on water content, protein content, and sensory properties of color, taste, and texture of mocaf brownies. KEYWORD: brownies; channa striata; mocaf; mocal food; supplementary food for school children program Received: 16 Dec 2024; Revised: 20 Aug 2024; Accepted: 20 Jan 2025; Available online: 24 Mar 2025; Published: 30 Mar 2025.

Hedonic test and nutritional analysis of instant cream soup from sweet corn and mackerel fish for the elderly Khairunnisa, Yunda; Marliyati, Sri Anna; Setiawan, Budi
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 12 ISSUE 6, 2024
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(6).445-456

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Secara global rata-rata harapan hidup telah meningkat pesat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, namun angka ini tidak diiringi dengan angka harapan hidup sehat. Berbagai masalah terkait dengan penuaan seperti kesulitan mengunyah, dan menelan makanan dapat mengurangi kemampuan lansia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya, untuk itu dibutuhkan modifikasi tekstur dari makanan lansia sehingga memudahkan mereka dalam mengonsumsinya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula yang tepat, menganalisis nilai organoleptik, dan kandungan zat gizi sup krim jagung manis dan ikan kembung untuk lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan experimental di laboratorium dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal yaitu kombinasi jagung dan ikan kembung dalam 3 taraf berbeda. Formula terdiri atas F1 (6% ikan), F2 (8% ikan), dan F3 (10% ikan). Data uji hedonik diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data zat gizi dengan pengamatan di laboratorium. Data penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan uji statistik one-way annova dan paired t test.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk seluruh atribut pada uji hedonik dan protein sup krim segar, sehingga formula 3 dipilih sebagai formula terbaik dengan kandungan protein yang lebih banyak dibandingkan formula lainnya. Kandungan gizi sup krim instan yaitu protein 39,98%, lemak 16,13% karbohidrat 34,36%, air 4,80%, abu 4,74%, dan total serat 5,96%.Kesimpulan: Sup krim ini dapat dikembangkan sebagai makanan selingan lansia, sup krim ini disukai oleh panelis dan memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik bagi lansiaABTRACTBackground: From a global perspective, the average life expectancy has risen rapidly in recent years but has not been followed by healthy life expectancy. Several aging-related issues, such as difficulties in chewing and swallowing, can hinder elderly people’s ability to meet their nutritional needs. Therefore, modifying food texture to facilitate easier consumption for this age group is essential.Objectives: This study aims to develop an optimal formula and evaluate the organoleptic and nutritional content of sweet corn and mackerel cream soup for elderly people.Methods: This research was a laboratory experiment employing a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the combination of maize and mackerel at three different levels: F1 (6% fish), F2 (8% fish), and F3 (10% fish). The hedonic test data was obtained through a questionnaire, while nutritional data were gathered through laboratory observation. Then, data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired t-tests.Results: The fresh cream soup's hedonic test and protein content demonstrated no significant differences found between the formulas. Therefore, Formula 3 was the optimal choice, as it exhibited a higher protein content than the other formulas. The nutritional composition of the instant cream soup is as follows: protein (39.98%), fat (16.13%), carbohydrate (34.36%), water (4.80%), ash (4.74%), and total fiber (5.96%).Conclusions: This cream soup has been developed as a snack meal for the elderly. The panelists liked its taste, and it has a good nutritional profile.KEYWORDS: cream soup; mackerel fish; sweet corn; isolat soy protein; eldelry

Complementary feeding practice and geography of residence among stunting children Salsabella, Dhea Fitria; Lestari, Anik; Mulyani, Sri
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 13 ISSUE 3, 2025
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).203-212

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronik dengan penyebab multifaktoral, mulai dari praktik pemberian pangan hingga lingkungan seperti geografi tempat tinggal. Terdapat beberapa indikator penilaian praktik pemberian makanan pendamping yang optimal pada anak usia 6-23 bulan seperti Animal Source Food (ASF), Zero Vegetable and Fruit (ZVF) dan Unhealthy Food Consumption (UFC).Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi protein hewani (ASF), makanan tidak sehat (UFC), indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah (ZVF) dan geografi tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting pada anak 6-23 bulan di Kabupaten Jember.Metode: Terdapat 88 anak yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (52 di Kecamatan Puger dan 36 di Kecamatan Jelbuk). Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah multistage sampling. Data ASF, ZVF dan UFC diambil melalui 24 hours recall questionnaire, geografi tempat tinggal diketahui melalui data BPS sedangkan panjang badan anak diukur menggunakan infantometer sedangkan tinggi badan anak diukur menggunakan stadiometer. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 26. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi univariat untuk menggambarkan distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik biner untuk analisis multivariat.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 26.13% anak usia 6-23 bulan yang mengalami stunting, 22,72% anak mengonsumsi protein hewani, 42,02% tidak mengonsumsi sayuran, dan 77,27% mengonsumsi makanan ultra proses. Berdasarkan uji chi-square yang dilakukan, tidak terdapat hubungan ynag signifikan antara konsumsi makanan tidak sehat dan geografi tempat tinggal dengan stunting (p>0.05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi protein hewani menjadi faktor penyebab stunting yang lebih dominan (p=0.039, OR=9.53,95%CI= 1.12-81.21) dilanjutkan dengan ZVF (p=0.004, OR=5.31, 95%CI= 1.71-16.40). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara konsumsi protein hewani dan indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan di Kabupaten Jember. KATA KUNCI: stunting konsumsi protein hewani; indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah; konsumsi makanan tidak sehat; geografi tempat tinggal ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a long-term nutritional issue containing multiple causes, including dietary habits and environmental factors such residential geography. Several metrics were employed to evaluate the ideal methods of introducing complementary food to children between the ages of 6-23 months. These metrics include Animal Source Food (ASF), Zero Vegetable and Fruit (ZVF), and Unhealthy Food Consumption (UFC). Objectives: This study aims to investigate the correlation between ASF, ZVF, UFC and the geographical location of residence with the prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in the Jember Regency.Methods: The study involved 88 children as the sample approach through multistage sampling. Information on ASF, ZVF, and UFC was obtained by 24-hour recall questionnaire. The BPS data was used to determine the geographical residence, while a stadiometer/infantometer was used to measure height/length. The data were then analyzed using SPSS. Univariate analysis was conducted, followed by bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.Results: The study revealed that 26.13% of children between the ages 6-23 months showed signs of stunting. Among these children, 22.72% consumed diverse ASF, 42.02% did not consume vegetables, and 77.27% consumed ultra-processed foods. The chi-square test revealed a lack of correlation between the consumption of unhealthy food and geographical location of residence with regards to stunting (p>0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that the consumption of animal protein was the primary factor leading to stunting with statistically significant correlation (p=0.039, OR=9.53, 95%CI=1.12-81.21). Additionally, ZVF was also discovered as a significant predictor of stunting (p=0.004, OR=5.31, 95%CI=1.71-16.40).Conclusions: In conclusion, ASF and ZVF are concurrently associated with the prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Jember Regency . KEYWORDS: stunting; animal source food; zero vegetable and fruit; unhealthy food consumption; geography of residenceReceived: 14 Jan 2024; Revised: 07 October 2024; Accepted: 04 Feb 2025; Available online: 30 May 2025; Published: 31 Mar 2025

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