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Development of catfish sausages fortified with duck eggs as a potential nutritional intervention product to reduce stunting rates in toddlers Izah, Nilatul; Usman, Mukhamad Khumaidi; Hidayah, Seventina Nurul; Afifah, Diana Nur; Syauqy, Ahmad
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.75-85

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting among toddlers is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, with a high prevalence in various regions, including Tegal City. One of the efforts to reduce stunting is through nutritional interventions based on animal protein that is easily available and has high nutritional value.Objective: This study aimed to develop catfish sausage fortified with duck eggs as a local nutrition intervention to improve children's nutritional status.Materials and Methods: The research was an experimental study using a completely randomized design with three formulations (S1 had 1 egg, S2 had 3 eggs, and S3 had 5 eggs), each repeated three times. The formulations adhered to SNI 3820:2024 standard requiring minimum 75% meat content. Parameters analyzed included protein, fat, moisture content, pH, texture, and amino acid profile. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA was applied at 5% significance level.Results: Sausages with duck egg fortification had protein content of 14.55-15.62% and fat content of 5.27-9.08%. Sample S2 showed the highest protein (15.62%), optimal texture (hardness 8N, chewiness 4N), and stable pH (6.2) meeting SNI standards. Amino acid analysis revealed significant levels of lysine (1.85%), histidine (1.24%), and leucine (2.95%).Discussion: Duck egg fortification significantly improved nutritional quality. A 50g serving provides 60-70% of daily protein needs for children aged 1-3 years. Essential amino acids play crucial roles: lysine supports bone growth and calcium absorption, histidine aids tissue repair and immune function, while leucine activates mTOR pathway for muscle protein synthesis. Sample S2 demonstrated the most balanced formulation with optimal protein enrichment while maintaining desirable texture and microbiological stability during cold storage.Conclusion: Catfish sausage fortified with duck eggs has potential as an effective local wisdom-based nutritional intervention for stunting reduction in Indonesia.Keywords: Sausage; catfish; duck egg; protein; stunting

The impact of PBD (plant-based diet) on atherosclerosis biomarkers in the risk and progression of coronary heart disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials Shafrina, Amara Azka; Hakiki, Riski; Sari, Raudhah; Ramadhani, Yasmin Nabila; Nauval, Iflan
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.19-35

ABSTRACTBackground: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of premature death globally. Plant-based diet (PBD), which emphasizes vegetables, fruits, legumes, grains, oils, and nuts with minimal animal products, is gaining attention for its potential cardiovascular benefits. It may impact atherosclerosis progression by improving lipid profiles, inflammation, blood pressure, and endothelial function.Objective: This review evaluates the effects of PBD on atherosclerosis biomarkers in at-risk individuals and CHD patients.Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted using keywords: "Plant based diet” OR “Mediterranean diet” OR “Vegan diet” OR “Diet” AND “Atherosclerosis”. Studies included were focused on the impact of PBD on blood lipid profile, inflammatory markers, measurements of atherosclerosis progression, anthropometrics, and blood pressure in populations with or without CHD. Databases searched included Cochrane, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, JSTOR, and ACM.Results: Sixteen out of 2960 studies were reviewed, involving 5,408 participants with interventions ranging from 4 weeks to 7 years. PBD was found to significantly improve lipid profiles by lowering total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. PBD also reduced inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins), improved endothelial function, and arterial stiffness measurements. It also reduces body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure. This review highlights the potential of PBD to mitigate cardiovascular risk through improvements in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. While some outcomes varied, evidence supports the incorporation of PBD as a strategy to slow the progression of atherosclerosis to improve cardiovascular health.Conclusion: PBD was found to improve atherosclerosis biomarkers in at-risk individuals and CHD patients by reducing inflammation and improving lipid profiles. Future studies should further explore these relationships, especially on arterial stiffness with larger populations and homogenous sample sizes to establish robust conclusions.Keywords: Atherosclerosis progression; blood lipid profile; coronary heart disease; inflammatory markers; plant-based diet

Phytoestrogens and women’s health: Implications for fibroids and breast cancer – a scoping review Lesnik, Nell; Tenfelde, Sandy
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.86-101

ABSTRACTBackground: As both uterine fibroids and breast cancer are estrogen dependent tumors, it is crucial to understand how phytoestrogen intake affects the development and progression of these conditions. Most of the research in this area has focused on soy isoflavones, yet a plethora of other phytoestrogens exist.Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to examine the current literature to determine the relationship between phytoestrogen intake, and the development and progression of uterine fibroids and breast cancer.Methods: The Scopus database was searched to identify relevant articles published within the past five years.Results: A total of 5,590 articles were identified in the original search, and 22 articles were included in the final review, with a total of 218,752 female participants (>18 years) across all studies. The findings of this scoping review suggest that consuming phytoestrogen-rich foods, such as soy or flaxseeds, either has no effect on breast cancer risk, or that it may possibly decrease the risk of breast cancer Additionally, supplementation with 300-900 mg of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a phytoestrogen found in green tea, shows promise as a complementary treatment for fibroids.Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that dietary phytoestrogen intake does not increase the risk of breast cancer. Additionally, EGCG may be a future complementary treatment for reducing fibroid size, although more research is needed to confirm this finding. Keywords: Breast cancer; EGCG; fibroids; phytoestrogens

Analysis of providing complementary feeding practice to stunted and non-stunted children aged 6-24 months in Natuna Regency, Indonesia: A qualitative study Nabiella, AD; Afifah, Effatul; Nurlita, Safira; Hidayanti, Misna; Mumtaz, Hammada Hanifia; Aji, Arif Sabta
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.36-50

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting was a growth disorder that occurred as a result of chronic malnutrition and repeated infections. Its prevalence had increased due to suboptimal complementary feeding (CF) practices.Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the attitudes and confidence of mothers in the practice of providing CF among children aged 6–24 months.Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted through semi-structured interviews at Serasan and Serasan Timur Health Centers, Natuna Regency, from September to November 2024. The study explored maternal attitudes and self-confidence in complementary feeding (CF) practices. Participants included 18 primary informants in focus group discussions (9 mothers of stunted and 9 of non-stunted children) and 4 key informants in in-depth interviews (2 heads of community health centers and 2 nutritionists). Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12.0 software.Results: This study identified four main themes. First, maternal attitudes in facing challenges, such as food rejection and the selection of appropriate food types. Second, maternal attitudes in the practice of providing complementary feeding (CF). Third, maternal confidence in determining suitable food textures. Fourth, maternal confidence in managing picky eating during CF practices. Most mothers demonstrated a positive attitude toward CF, including preparing food themselves, considering it healthier and more economical. However, some mothers of stunted children tended to purchase instant foods more often due to practicality. The majority showed high confidence, supported by Posyandu education, internet resources, and nutritionists. Nevertheless, several mothers of stunted children still lacked confidence due to limited information on CF nutritional adequacy.Conclusion: Mothers of stunted children tended to have lower attitudes and self-confidence compared to those of non-stunted children in complementary feeding (CF) practices. Continuous education and supportive policies facilitating access to nutritious foods were essential. Additionally, family support enhanced maternal confidence in providing CF.Keywords: Attitude; children; complementary feeding; self confidence; stunting

Effects of high-protein high-fiber meal replacements on weight loss and dietary composition in overweight women: A randomized controlled trial Nurwanti, Esti; Muhammad, Harry Freitag Luglio; Nguyen, Ngan Thi Kim; Nurdin, Naufal Muharam
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.102-110

ABSTRACTBackground: Energy deficit is essential for weight loss; however, an effective weight loss program should also focus on improving dietary composition.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of high-protein, high-fiber dietary supplements on weight loss and body composition improvements in overweight individuals.Methods: This experimental study utilized a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Participants were women and were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Criteria of this study are: Female aged 20-30 years; Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 30 kg/m²; No allergies, including soy allergies; Fasting blood glucose level (FBG) < 100 mg/dL. The control group received 2 sessions of nutritional counselling by nutritionists to follow a low-calorie diet, while the intervention group received the same counselling along with a daily meal replacement containing 184 kcal energy, 17 grams of protein and 5 grams of dietary fiber.Results: After an 8-week weight loss program, participants in the intervention group experienced significantly greater weight loss (-3.4 ± 0.43 kg) compared to the control group (-2.4 ± 0.5 kg) (p = 0.047). Additionally, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention group (62%) achieved the 5% weight loss threshold compared to the control group (28%) (Chi-Square p = 0.033). The intervention group also showed improvements in macronutrient composition compared to control, with a greater reduction in fat intake (-7.1 vs 2.1, p = 0.013) and increased consumption of protein (5.9 vs 1.8, p = 0.002) and fiber (7.21 vs 4.26, p = 0.026).Conclusion: The use of high-protein, high-fiber meal replacements was associated with improvement of weight loss compared to standard low-calorie diet counselling alone.Keywords: Diet; meal replacement; obesity; weight loss

Consumption of prebiotic sources significantly affects children’s height in a stunting locus village in Bogor Regency, Indonesia Nadiyah, Nadiyah; Sari, Intan Permata; Dewanti, Lintang Purwara; Azra, Jeallyza Muthia; Ronitawati, Putri
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.51-58

ABSTRACTBackground: 1Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children due to chronic nutrient deficiencies for a long time, especially during the first 1000 days of life. The results of the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) also showed a decrease in the stunting rate from 27.7% in 2019 to 21.6% in 2023. The 2022 SSGI data recorded that 18.7% of children in Bogor Regency were still stunted. The current reduction in stunting is still far from the target of the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan, where the number of stunted children in Indonesia is only 14%. Children are classified as stunted if the length/height z-score-for-age is <-2 SD. Stunting can occur due to poor gastrointestinal conditions. Prebiotics and probiotics play an important role in helping to maintain gastrointestinal health. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the consumption of prebiotic and probiotic food sources and the z-score of height/length for age. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 children aged 6-59 months in the stunting locus village of Bogor Regency. Height/length data were obtained using a stadiometer and infantometer. Assessment of food consumption of prebiotic and probiotic sources was conducted through interviews using the Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire form. Bivariate test used Pearson correlation test and multivariate test used multiple linear regression test.Results: The data showed that 48% of children were stunted, and 52% were normal. Bivariate test showed correlations of food consumption of prebiotic sources (r =0.274, p=0.006) and probiotics (r=0.264, p=0.008) with height/length z-score. Multivariate test results showed that consumption of prebiotic sources influenced length/height z-score for age (β=0.007, 95%CI: 0.002-0.011, p=0.003). Conclusion: Consumption of prebiotic food sources in children can improve the z-score of height-for-age.Keywords : Consumption; height; probiotics; prebiotics; stunting

The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (hylocereus polyrhizus) Juice on Leptin Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats Using an Overweight Model Solehah, Novia Zuriatun; Herviana, Herviana; Anggriany, Nissa; Anindita, Karina
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.0.0.%p

Background: Obesity is strongly linked to elevate leptin levels and oxidative stress, both of which contribute to the development of various metabolic disorders. Leptin, a hormone that regulates metabolism and appetite, becomes less effective in obese individuals due to leptin resistance, thereby exacerbating metabolic dysfunction.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of red dragon fruit (hylocereus polyrhizus) juice on leptin levels in Sparague Dawley rats using an overweight model.Method: This experimental study used a pre-post test control group design and involved six groups of rats (n=6 per group), including a normal group, a negative control group, a positive control group (orlistat), and three treatment groups receiving different doses of red dragon fruit juice (3.5 g, 7 g, and 10.5 g per 200 g body weight). The intervention was carried out for 14 days following a 14- day induction of obesity using a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. Leptin levels were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed that administration of red dragon fruit juice significantly reduced leptin levels (p<0,001) in all treatment groups. The greatest reduction was observed in the group receiving the 10.5 g dose, with an average decrease of 75.03%, which was nearly equivalent to the orlistat group that reduced leptin levels by 79.93%.Conclusion: Red dragon fruit juice has the potential to serve as a non-pharmacological agent in reducing leptin levels and oxidative stress under obesity conditions, with an effectiveness approaching that of orlistat.

The impact of drinking brewed coffee on VO2max and blood lactate levels in sedentary males with physical activity treatment Shidqi, Muhammad; Idayati, Ratna; Yusni, Yusni
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.59-67

ABSTRACTBackground: Coffee is a popular ergogenic beverage that improves stamina and reduces fatigue. Coffee's caffeine content is thought to be the main ingredient in ergogenic supplements, which increase endurance during physical activity.Objective: This study investigates the acute effect of brewed coffee on muscle fatigue markers, namely blood lactate and volume of oxygen maximum (VO2max), in sedentary males after a standardized physical activity protocol.Methods: This research was quasi-experimental (posttest-only with a control group design). The subjects were men aged 18-22 years, with 16 people. They were divided into a control group (n=9) and a intervention group (n=7). The intervention was heavy physical activity (1600-meter run) and Gayo Arabica coffee. Data analysis used an independent sample t-test (p < 0.05).Results: Blood lactate levels were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (15.04 ± 2.38 vs. 10.60 ± 4.10; p = 0.018), even though VO2max values were higher but not statistically significant (39.57 ± 2.37 vs. 37.62 ± 4.17; p = 0.297).Conclusions: Coffee consumption considerably raises blood lactate levels, but it has no discernible effect on VO2max values in sedentary men who exercise vigorously. Therefore, more research is necessary to fully understand how coffee affects ergogenic and fatigue.Keywords: Coffee; VO2max; blood lactate; sedentary; heavy physical activity

Successful exclusive breastfeeding through ‘‘Kiper Si Gizi’’ to mothers since pregnancy Hapsari, Sri; Noor SU, Yuliana; Purwanti, Dwi
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.1-10

ABSTRACTBackground: One of the important intakes given to infants is exclusive breastfeeding. Training mothers to be ready to breastfeed is done since they are pregnant. Website media makes it easier for mothers to access information online.Objective: To increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding through website-based nutrition education ‘Kiper Si Gizi’ (Kelompok Ibu Peduli ASI dan Gizi) for mothers since pregnancy.Methods: Quasi-experimental design with two-group pre- and post-test control group design and two-group post-test only control group design. The subjects were 30 pregnant women in trimester 3 at Puskesmas Dempet, Demak Regency, who received ‘Kiper Si Gizi’ education and 30 mothers at Puskesmas Wedung II, Demak Regency, who received Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book education. Statistical tests to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes and differences in breastfeeding practices used Independent sample T-test. Chi Square test to test the difference in exclusive breastfeeding success between the two groups. Results: The average change in knowledge of pregnant women after being given education using website media (25%) was more effective (p=0.007) than using MCH book media (16.33%). The average change in the attitude of pregnant women after being given education using website media (Δ=10.20) is more effective (p=0.025) than using MCH book media (Δ=7.4). The breastfeeding practice score of mothers after being educated using the website media (score=9.6) was more effective (p= 0.017) than using the MCH book media (score=8.5). Mothers who breastfeed exclusively in the website group are more (83.3%) and different (p= 0.001) than the MCH book group (40.7%).Conclusion: Education with ‘Kiper Si Gizi’ can improve knowledge, attitudes, breastfeeding practices and more exclusive breastfeeding better than the MCH book.Keywords : Exclusive breastfeeding; MCH book; ‘Kiper Si Gizi’; website

Enhancing nutritional status of stunted toddlers via supplementary feeding programs in Musi Banyuasin, 2023 Dariusmansyah, Azmi; Najmah, Najmah; Wulandari, Anggun Restu; Maryadi, Maryadi; Mayasari, Yesi; Lestari, Ayu Seftiani; Sukaesi, Elvi; Marelinda, Cesa; Mazidawati, Mazidawati; Syamsia, Salwa; Budi, Iwan Stia; Safitri, Wulandari Dwi; Zalzabila, Anisah
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 1 (2025): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.1.68-74

ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is caused by long-term malnutrition. To reduce this problem, the government has launched the Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP). In Musi Banyuasin Regency, this program is called “BUNDA AS (Bunda dan Anak Sehat)”.Objective: To provide an overview and compare the nutritional status of stunted and wasted toddlers before and after the intervention of supplementary feeding program in Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2023.Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The human subjects in the study were 107 stunted and wasted toddlers aged 6-59 months, all from low-income families in the working area of Primary Health Care Center Musi Banyuasin. Anthropometric parameters were used to assess nutritional status. The Supplementary Feeding Program was implemented for 90 days. There are three main meals, one animal protein snack, and two additional supplementary feeding servings for toddlers aged 6-24 months each day. Paired t-tests was used to analyze the data and evaluate the effectiveness of SFP on the nutritional status of stunted and wasted toddlers.Results: The results showed significant changes in the nutritional status of toddlers based on the indicators of weight for Age (WAZ), height for Age (HAZ), as well as the ratio of weight to height (WHZ) before and after the BUNDA AS intervention. The paired t-test revealed a significant difference mean weight and height of toddlers (p = <0.0001).Conclusion: There was an effectiveness of SPF on the nutritional status of stunted and wasted toddlers before and after the intervention of the BUNDA AS program in Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2023.Keywords: BUNDA AS; nutritional status; stunting; toddlers

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Journal Mail Official
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Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA