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Nurul Auliasari
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Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Published by Universitas Garut
ISSN : 20870337     EISSN : 27159949     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari fokus pada bidang Farmasi.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 210 Documents
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F Formulation and Evaluation of Nano ECO-PINAS (Eco-friendly Pineapple Shampoo) Pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) as an anti-dandruff agent iwan Saka Nugraha; Wahyudi W Udi
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.42912

Abstract

Nano ECO-PINAS (Eco-friendly Pineapple Shampoo) is a Nano shampoo made frompineapple peel waste. Dandruff is a scalp problem. One cause of dandruff is the fungusMalassezia furfur. Malassezia furfur is a cause of dandruff. This study aims to evaluatethe nano-preparation of pineapple peel shampoo (Ananas comosus) using physical testsin accordance with SNI standards and to assess its ability to inhibit the growth ofMalassezia furfur. The study used the True Experimental method, in which pineapplepeel is extracted, made into nanoparticles, and then formulated into various shampoo preparations. Evaluation includes particle size analysis (PSA), physical testing, and antifungal activity testing. The study showed that pineapple peel nanoextracts can be formulated into anti-dandruff shampoos that meet SNI physical test standards. All formulations have good physical quality, with a pH of 5.0–9.0, a viscosity of 400–4000 cps, stable foam, and a moisture content below 95%. The cleaning power ranges from 32–66%, with higher values indicating greater shampoo effectiveness in removing dirt and oil. Antifungal activity tests against Malassezia furfur showed that F3 had the largest inhibition zone (22.6 mm), followed by F2 (19.75 mm) and F1 (19.5 mm). For comparison, the blank inhibition zone was 1.86 mm, the ketoconazole positive control was 22.9 mm, and the comparative sample was 19.6 mm. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) showed a p-value of p = 0.00, indicating a significant difference between the pineapple peel nanoextract shampoos at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 9% and the commercial shampoo. This data shows that the nanoextract of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) formulated into the shampoo can inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur.
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Face Mist Preparation from Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Ethanol Extract Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) Method Fitri Wa Ode Ida Fitriah; Nur Hatidjah Awaliyah Halid; Novita Mayang Sari
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43013

Abstract

The natural antioxidant potential of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel is attributed to polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and it can be used in cosmetic formulations as an active ingredient. This research was conducted to analyze the characteristics, physical stability, and antioxidant activity of face mist preparationscontaining ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel. The extract was obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol as the solvent and formulated into three concentrate levels:FI (5%), FII (10%), and FIII (15%). Evaluation of the preparations was conducted using organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, drying time, spray spreadability, and cycle tests, while antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH method. The tested formulation exhibits physical properties within an acceptable range and stability, andshows very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 29.914 µg/mL, 26.510 µg/mL, and 24.259 µg/mL, respectively. FIII (15%) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, indicated by the lowest IC₅₀ value. Further research is recommended to evaluate longterm stability, moisture content, and potential skin irritation to support the development of natural-based cosmetics.
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanoserum Kombinasi Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L.) dan Astaxanthin sebagai Antioksidan Tiara Bella Pratiwi; Arif Budi Setianto; Nuri Ari Efiana; Sri Mulyaningsih
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43464

Abstract

Lipophilic antioxidants such as β-carotene and astaxanthin have strong potential to protect the skin against oxidative stress; however, their topical application is limited by low stability and insufficient skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics, stability, and antioxidant activity of a nanoserum combining carrot extract (Daucus carota L.) and astaxanthin. Carrot extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and formulated into a nanoemulsion-based serum containing three extract concentrations: 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3), with 1% astaxanthin. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness. Stability was observed up to 6 days, while antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and FRAP assays. All formulations exhibited nanoscale particle sizes with good homogeneity (PDI <0.5) and negative zp (<-30 mV), indicating stable dispersions. Formula F2 showed the most favorable characteristics, with a particle size of 39.21 ± 0.32 nm, PDI of 0.25 ± 0.02, and zeta potential of −33.66 ± 0.27 mV, along with suitable pH and viscosity for topical application. F2 demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.04 ± 0.19 ppm (ABTS) and 16.78 ± 0.04 ppm (FRAP), which remained in the strong category after storage. In conclusion, the carrot extract–astaxanthin nanoserum was successfully developed, with F2 identified as the optimal formulation.
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Betel Leaf (Piper betle) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Kintoko Kintoko; Khrisna Agung Cendekiawan; Sapto Yuliani; Siti Nur Hasana; Firdha Aprilia Wardhani
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43506

Abstract

Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi within plant tissues can produce similar bioactive metabolites. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from young betel leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This was experimental research. Endophytic fungi were isolated from young betel leaves on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and identified macroscopically and microscopically. Antibacterial activity was tested using the paper disk agar diffusion method. Three endophytic fungal isolates were obtained: Isolate 1 (Trichoderma sp.), Isolate 2 (Rhizoctonia sp.), and Isolate 3 (Fusarium sp.). Against P. aeruginosa, Isolate 2 produced an average inhibition zone of 7.33 mm, and Isolate 3 produced 8.00 mm. Against S. aureus, Isolate 1 produced 7.33 mm and Isolate 3 produced 7.33 mm. No inhibition was observed for the negative control (DMSO). Endophytic fungi from betel leaves, particularly isolates resembling Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp., and Trichoderma sp., show weak to moderate antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus under the tested conditions. Further studies using molecular identification and purified extracts are recommended.
Acute Toxicity Test of Black Rice and Soybean Extract Complex Liza Syafitri; Nina Salamah; Ichwan Ridwan Rais; Kintoko Kintoko; Sri Mulyaningsih; Moch Saiful Bachri
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43524

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the acute oral toxicity of a copigment complex formulated from extracts of black rice (Oryza sativa L., indica) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Despite extensive individual pharmacological investigations of these botanical sources, no safety data have previously been documented for their combined copigment complex intended as a functional beverage constituent. Following the Acute Toxic Class methodology (OECD 423), the complex was orally administered as a single dose at 300, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) to female Swiss Webster mice (n=3 per dose group), alongside a vehicle control group administered 1% Na-CMC. A comprehensive 14-day monitoring program assessed mortality, a range of clinical indicators (including tremor, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, locomotion, coat condition, and ocular appearance), and body weight at Days 0, 7, and 14. No animal deaths occurred across any group. Transient, mild hypoactivity was noted in animals receiving 5000 mg/kg at 1–2 hours post-dose, which resolved completely by 4 hours post-administration. No additional adverse clinical manifestations or weight loss were detected. Based on these findings, the median lethal dose (LD50) is projected to surpass 5000 mg/kg BW, corresponding to GHS Category 5 (practically non-toxic). The results collectively establish a safety foundation for the use of this copigment complex as a functional ingredient in isotonic beverage products, while acknowledging the need for further subchronic and chronic toxicological investigations.
Pre-Diagnosis and Pre-Treatment Loss to Follow-Up Among Individuals with Presumptive Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study Using Routine Surveillance Data in Minahasa, North Sulawesi Gordianus Lelang Wejak; Doni Anshar Nuari; Dika Pramita Destiani; Ivan Surya Pradipta
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43716

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a foremost infectious cause of death worldwide and stands as a major public health concern, particularly in high-burden countries such as Indonesia. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) during the early stages of the TB care cascade, including diagnostic evaluation and treatment initiation, contributes to under-detection and ongoing transmission. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of TB and poor outcomes, with evidence on early-stage LTFU in this population remaining limited in specific settings such as district-level health systems. The objective of this study is to assess the proportion of pre-diagnosis and pre-treatment LTFU and to explore associated factors among presumptive TB individuals with DM. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data from Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB). The study population comprised presumptive TB individuals with DM aged ≥18 years recorded between January 1 and November 30, 2025. Total sampling was applied. The chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was employed for bivariate statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 289 presumptive TB individuals with DM were included. Pre-diagnosis LTFU was 4.8 %, while pre-treatment LTFU was 6.4 %. Pre-diagnosis LTFU was significantly associated with area of residence (p=0.021), mode of entry into the TB program (p<0.001), and HIV status (p=0.037), suggesting that disparities in healthcare access and clinical characteristics may influence completion of the diagnostic process. No significant associations were observed for pre-treatment LTFU, likely due to the very limited number of events. Early-stage attrition in the TB-DM care cascade remains low but critical (4.8% pre-diagnosis and 6.4% pre-treatment LTFU). Geographical factors, entry points, and HIV comorbidity significantly influence diagnostic continuity. Minimizing patient loss requires strengthening localized tracking, enhancing referral coordination, and optimizing TB-HIV integration within routine health systems.
Development and Evaluation of Functional Instant Powder Drink from a Combination of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and Purple Sweet Potato Tubers (Ipomoea batatas L.) Mida Hamidah; Adilla Nurafdilla Solihah; Nur Laili Dwi Hidayati; Nopi Rantika
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43940

Abstract

This study aims to develop and evaluate a functional instant powder drink formulated from a combination of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and Purple Sweet Potato Tuber (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a practical herbal drink that has antioxidant potential. The study was conducted through several stages, including sample preparation, phytochemical screening, instant powder formulation, physical evaluation, identification of curcumin compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method. Physical evaluation included organoleptic tests, flow rate, angle of repose, water content, pH, viscosity, solubility, sedimentation, stability, and hedonic tests. The results showed that the combination of Turmeric Rhizome and Purple Sweet Potato contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds that have potential as antioxidants. The resulting instant powder has good physical characteristics and meets the evaluation requirements for instant powder preparations. Identification using TLC showed the presence of curcuminoid compounds, namely curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, in the formulation. Antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method showed that the turmeric extract had very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 19.786 ppm, while the instant powdered drink formulation showed weak antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value ranging from 255,743–321,101 ppm. The decrease in antioxidant activity is thought to be due to the heating process during powder production, which results in the degradation of some of the active compounds. Therefore, an instant powdered drink combining Turmeric Rhizome and purple sweet potato has the potential to be developed as a natural functional beverage with good physical properties and antioxidant activity.
The Role of Community Pharmacy Personnel in Tuberculosis Case Detection: A Narrative Review Carla Florencia; Ida Ayu Andri Parwitha; Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka; Ivan Surya Pradipta
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.42197

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a global health challenge, mainly due to low case detection rates in high-burden countries like Indonesia. Community pharmacies (CP), the health facilities most commonly visited by individuals experiencing tuberculosis symptoms, play an essential role in early detection and referral to health facilities. This narrative review examines the role of community pharmacists in TB case detection through pharmacy-based interventions in developing countries with high TB burden. The following databases were used to identify articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: PubMed and Scopus. Based on three eligible studies from India, Pakistan, and Cambodia, pharmacy-based TB case detection programs were associated with increased case detection and referral of presumptive TB cases. The included studies reported that structured interventions, including pharmacist training, referral systems, monitoring, and public-private collaboration, may support TB case detection in high-burden settings. However, several barriers were identified, including uncertainty about referral pathways, financial constraints, and concerns about service quality at referral facilities. Given the limited evidence from only three studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of pharmacy-based TB case-detection programs. CP engagement may contribute to TB case detection when reinforced by well-defined, structured referral pathways and integration with public-private TB control initiatives.
Formulation and Stability Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream: Utilization of Methyl Cinnamate Isolate from Alpinia galanga L. Rhizome as a Photoprotective Agent Yola Desnera Putri; Alidya Canticha Sari; Deby Tristiyanti; Adit Andriyannto
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43620

Abstract

Methyl cinnamate isolate is an aromatic ester compound with a conjugated chromophore system capable of absorbing UV-B radiation, making it a promising candidate for sunscreen formulations. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of methyl cinnamate isolate based on its sun protection factor (SPF) and to develop a sunscreen cream with satisfactory physical stability. Methyl cinnamate isolate solutions were prepared at concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm and screened for SPF activity. The concentration yielding the highest SPF value was incorporated into cream formulations containing different stearic acid concentrations as an emulsifier (F1: 8% w/w and F2: 10% w/w). The resulting formulations were assessed for SPF, physical characteristics during 28 days of storage at room temperature, microbiological quality, and methyl cinnamate content under accelerated stability conditions (40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% RH). The isolate at 5000 ppm (0.5%) exhibited the highest SPF value of 33.49, corresponding to the ultra-protection category. Both formulations maintained acceptable physical characteristics throughout the storage period. At day 28, SPF values were 13.87 for F1 and 17.02 for F2, with F2 remaining within the ultra-protection category. After three months of accelerated stability testing, methyl cinnamate content was 47.62% in F1 and 68.32% in F2. Microbiological evaluation also revealed contamination based on total plate count and yeast–mold count analyses. These findings indicate that methyl cinnamate isolate has potential as a sunscreen active ingredient; however, further formulation optimization and preservative incorporation are required to improve chemical stability and microbiological quality.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Simvastatin and Atorvastatin in Hypertensive patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidities at KHZ Musthafa Regional Hospital: from the provider’s perspective Dheana Ratu Hazlisa; Nur Rahayuningsih; Citra Dewi Salasanti
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43785

Abstract

Hypertension with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and vascular damage. This condition requires pharmacological therapy that is not only clinically effective but also cost-effective in terms of healthcare services. In clinical practice, statins such as simvastatin and atorvastatin are frequently used as lipid-lowering therapy to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with metabolic diseases. However, differences in treatment costs and clinical outcomes between these two medications make pharmacoeconomic evaluation crucial in determining the most cost-effective therapeutic option. This study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of simvastatin and atorvastatin use in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbidity from the perspective of healthcare providers at KHZ Musthafa Regional General Hospital, Tasikmalaya. This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design based on medical records and patient billing data from January 2024 to December 2025. Using purposive sampling, 57 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by calculating direct medical costs, therapeutic effectiveness based on the average length of hospital stay (LOS), the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER), and the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). The results showed that the group of patients receiving simvastatin had lower direct medical costs, namely Rp4,269,569, compared to the atorvastatin group at Rp5,902,031. In addition, the simvastatin group also showed a shorter average length of stay, namely 3.8 days, while the atorvastatin group reached 4.7 days. The ICER for simvastatin was recorded at Rp1,123,570 per day, which is lower than that of atorvastatin at Rp1,255,751 per day. Based on these results, simvastatin is considered more cost-effective than atorvastatin in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, making it a potentially more efficient therapeutic option for hospitals.

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