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Stigma : Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa
Published by Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
ISSN : 14121840     EISSN : 26219093     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36456/stigma.15.01
Core Subject : Education,
Mathematics
Jurnal STIGMA adalah jurnal ilmiah Biologi dan Biologi Terapan yang memuat artikel-artikel ilmiah. Jurnal STIGMA diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Biologi-Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam - Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. Terbit dua kali dalam satu tahun (April-Juli dan September-Desember), Jurnal ini memfasilitasi penelitian dengan tema Biologi Umum, Biologi Terapan, Bioteknologi, Aplikasi Ilmu Biologi.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 170 Documents
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Pemberian Probiotik EM-4 (Effective Mikroorganism 4) Untuk Menumbuhkan Klekap Sebagai Pakan Alami Guna Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Survival Rate Benih Ikan Bandeng (Chanos sp.) Rifka Ayu Layyinah; Pungky Slamet Wisnu Kusuma; Dyah Hariani
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.8.01.10420.%p

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the effect of EM-4 probiotic administration on natural klekap feed with different doses on the growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos sp) seeds. The test fish of milkfish (Chanos sp) with a length of 2 cm and a weight of 2 grams came from a milkfish seed cultivation reservoir in Mengarih Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency, randomly stocked into 12 ponds with a fish density of 30 fish/pond and tested for 30 days. This study used a Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment given was the difference in the dose of probiotics added in klekap natural feed, which consisted of treatment without the addition of probiotics, treatment with the addition of probiotics as much as 15 ml/L, 25 ml/L, 35 ml/L. Data were analyzed using Variety Analysis (ANOVA) with a level of (P<0.05). Test parameters included absolute weight growth rate (LPBM), absolute length growth (PPM), and survival rate (SR). The results showed that the administration of EM-4 on different natural klekap feeds had a real effect (P<0.05) on LPBM, PPM, and SR. The best values were for LPBM (5.73±0.14 grams), PPM (10.33±0.04 mm). The average success rate (SR) during the experiment was approximately 88.75%.   Keywords: Milkfish Seed (Chanos Sp), Survival, Klekap, Probiotic EM-4, Growth
Diversity And Abundance Of Macrozoobentos And Pisces In The Mangrove Area Of Gresik District, Kebomas And Manyar Gresik Regency Vidia Kristanti; Diah Karunia Binawati
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.01.10556.%p

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in the life cycle of various types of fish, shrimp and crabs. Because the mangrove environment provides protection and nutrients in the form of organic matter that is included in the food chain. Some of the fauna that are commonly found in the Indonesian mangrove ecosystem area are fauna from the gastropod, crustacean, bivalve, polychaeta, and pisces classes. One of the biota that can be used as biological parameters in determining the conditions of a body of water is macrozoobentos. As organisms living in waters, macrozoobentos are very sensitive to changes in the quality of the water in which they live so that it will affect their composition and abundance. This research method is quantitative descriptive research by taking data in a survey. It uses a 1x1m measuring plot 100m long perpendicular to the coastline. The measurement method used to determine the environmental conditions of mangroves is the transect line method and sample plots (Tran-sect Line Plot). The diversity index value at research locations I and II is in the medium category, while in location III it is in the high category. Of the three stations, the uniformity index is stable close to 1. Result The dominance index value is that there is no type that dominates a body of water, this means that all individuals at the observation station have the same opportunity and maximally make the most of the resources in those waters. The pH results of water at station II and station III did not differ significantly, while at station I it differed significantly when compared to the results at stations II and III. The salinity results at station III differ significantly from station I and II because the location of the mangrove is the location of a sea estuary that makes the salt content of brackish water mixed with fresh water.    Keywords ; Mangroves, Macrozoobentos, Diversity, Uniformity, Dominance, Abundance, Abiotic Factors
Effect Of NAA And Kinetin Administration On Callus Induction In Vanilla Plant Stem Explants (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) Dhavin, Muhammad; Nurokhman, Amin; Ummi Hiras Habisukan; Yustina Hapida; Anggun Wicaksono; Weni Lestari; Arif Yachya
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 01 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.01.10574.%p

Abstract

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a plantation plant that is used for its fruit. Indonesia is one of the countries that exports vanilla and has climate factors that support increasing vanilla production to meet global demand, One of the efforts that can be made in vanilla propagation is through plant tissue culture. This research aims to induce calluses. This study used a Random Design using stem explants and several different hormone concentrations, namely: 0.0 ppm NAA and 0.0 ppm Kinetin, 1.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm Kinetin, 1.0 ppm NAA and 1.0 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 0.5 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 1.0 ppm Kinetin, 2.0 ppm NAA and 2.0 ppm Kinetin. There was an effect on the administration of NAA and Kinetin on callus induction in the explants of the vanilla plant (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). It is based on the Anova one-way Hypothesis Test with a significance value of 0.000 (Asymp. Sig <0.05) then Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted. The optimal concentration to induce callus in stem explants is the administration of 1.0 ppm NAA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin with an average callus growth rate of 7 HST and a 100% callus growth percentage of explants.   Keywords: Vanilla, induction, callus, tissue culture, hormones
Pengaruh Abu Pembakaran Sampah Dengan Penambahan Kotoran Kijang Untuk Pupuk Tanaman Hias Moch Zainuri; Yanatra Budi Pramana; Arif Yachya; Manik Ayu Titisari; Ida Kusnawati Tjahjani; Krisyanti Budipramana; Suparman
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10711.%p

Abstract

The increasing volume of waste in Indonesia poses environmental challenges, especially incinerator ash residues that contain heavy metals and have the potential to contaminate soil. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of incinerator ash combined with deer dung as an alternative growing medium for ornamental betel nut (Epipremnum aureum). Four treatments of growing media composition were tested: pure soil, ash and dung mixture in different ratios, and observed for eight weeks on the parameters of plant length, leaf area, and plant weight. Results showed that the treatment without ash mixture produced the best growth, while increasing the proportion of ash decreased plant growth performance. This is thought to be due to the heavy metal content in the ash which inhibits plant metabolism and nutrient uptake. Although the plants survived in all treatments, the effectiveness of the ash and deer manure mixture as a growing medium proved to be limited, so its use should be limited and not recommended for consumption crops. The potential utilization of ash is more appropriately directed towards non-agricultural sectors that do not come into direct contact with living things.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kelapa Sebagai Media Tanam Dalam Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreotus) dan Jamur Tiram Cokelat (Pleurotus pulmonarius) Ahmad Taufikur Rahman; Rahman, Ahmad Taufikur; Mahendra, Yusri; Eriyanto, Wahyu; Qomariyah, Rofi'atul; Elhany, Nurul Avidhah
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10784.%p

Abstract

One of the important biological resources in the Indonesian plantation sector is coconut. Coconut trees grow widely in several regencies in Indonesia, including Situbondo Regency. Based on data from the Situbondo Regency Statistics Agency (BPS), coconut plantation production in Situbondo Regency in 2023 reached 4.9 thousand tons. Coconut husks in Situbondo have been considered waste that is sold cheaply to prevent accumulation. Therefore, further processing or utilization is needed to provide greater productive value for coconut husks. Rarely used coconut husk waste can be an alternative to the hard-to-find sawdust media, thereby increasing productivity in mushroom cultivation, especially in the Situbondo region. This study used two types of oyster mushrooms: white oyster mushrooms and brown oyster mushrooms. Each received five treatments with three replications, resulting in a total of 15 white oyster mushroom bags and 15 brown oyster mushroom bags used. The treatment carried out was the addition of coconut fiber with different concentrations to the planting media. The planting medium that has the best influence on mycelium growth, fruit body growth time, fruit body wet weight is P1 (100% wood powder without the addition of coconut shells), while the best fruit cap diameter is obtained from the P4 treatment (75% wood powder + 25% coconut shell powder).   Keywords: Cultivation; Oyster Mushrom; Planting Media; Coconut shell
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Roti Kukus Dengan Sourdough Dari Air Rendaman Apel Rini Rahayu Sihmawati; Wardah; Ayu Anggraini Cahya Pitaloka
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10810.%p

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of flour substitution levels on the moisture content, expansion, and texture of steamed bread. The treatments consisted of five formulations: F0 (0%), F1 (10%), F2 (20%), F3 (30%), and F4 (40%) flour substitution. Data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level to evaluate the effect of treatments on each physical parameter. The results showed that increasing the level of flour substitution had a significant effect on all tested parameters. The highest moisture content was observed in F4 (40%) at 39.22%, while the lowest was in F1 (10%) at 36.53%. Texture softness decreased as the substitution level increased, with the highest value in F0 (167.44 mm/100g/10s) and the lowest in F4 (88.52 mm/100g/10s). The expansion of steamed bread also tended to decrease, from 8.40% in F0 to 7.53% in F4. These results indicate that higher flour substitution levels reduce the dough’s ability to expand and form an elastic crumb structure due to decreased gluten content. Overall, the best formulation was obtained in treatments F1 (10%) to F2 (20%), as they produced steamed bread with balanced moisture, soft texture, and optimal expansion.   Keywords: steamed bread, flour substitution, moisture content, expansion, texture
INDUKSI NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) MELALUI KULTUR JARINGAN Nadila Margareth; Ummi Hiras habisukan; Amin Nurokhman; Arif Yachya
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10822.%p

Abstract

The pineapple plant cultivated in Indonesia is very diverse and is a perennial plant. Public awareness of the nutritional content in pineapple can increase the production and economic value of the fruit. Therefore, large-scale pineapple production in a relatively short time is needed, and one way to achieve this is through pineapple propagation via tissue culture.  In this study, pineapple was propagated using shoot explants. Shoot culture, or shoot induction, is one method for propagating plants in vitro. Shoot culture is the most common propagation method because shoots contain a lot of meristematic tissue (which is still actively dividing), resulting in a higher percentage of success for tissue culture.  This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the following hormone concentrations: 0 ppm NAA + 0 ppm Kinetin, 0.25 ppm NAA + 3.0 ppm Kinetin, and 0.25 ppm NAA + 4.5 ppm Kinetin. The results showed that explant growth occurred in every concentration, with 100% of all treatments producing shoots. Nevertheless, there were variations in the number of leaves formed in each treatment and observation time, indicating the influence of hormone concentration on the vegetative development of the explant.
Identifikasi Serangga Hama Dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Jagung Pulut (Zea mays ceratina) Di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan Dan Hortikultura Sidoarjo Vivin Andriani; Lathifatul Azmi Ar Rohmah; Eko Sugandi
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10863.%p

Abstract

Waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina) is one of the corn varieties with high potential to be developed as an alternative food source due to its high amylopectin content, which gives it a soft and sweet texture. However, the productivity of waxy corn in Indonesia remains low due to various cultivation constraints, particularly pest and disease attacks that can cause significant yield losses. Identification of pest and disease species is essential as an initial step in developing effective and sustainable control strategies. This study aimed to identify the types of insect pests and diseases attacking waxy corn plants at the Technical Implementation Unit for the Development of Food Crop and Horticulture Agribusiness (PATPH) in Sidoarjo, East Java. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 using a simple random sampling method on four plots ranging from 15 × 20 m² to 20 × 20 m². Observations were made on symptoms of pest and disease attacks, which were then identified based on morphological characteristics and symptom similarities with reference literature. The results showed three types of pests attacking waxy corn, namely armyworms (Spodoptera litura), hairy caterpillars, and grasshoppers, with a total of 14 individuals recorded. Meanwhile, five major diseases were found—leaf blight (Helminthosporium turcicum), leaf rust (Puccinia polysora), leaf spot (Bipolaris maydis), downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis), and corn smut (Ustilago maydis)—infecting a total of 158 plants. The intensity of pest attacks tended to decrease during the generative phase, while leaf diseases increased with plant age due to microclimatic changes and higher humidity under the canopy. Based on these findings, leaf diseases, particularly rust and leaf spot, were identified as the main limiting factors of waxy corn productivity. Therefore, the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the use of disease-resistant varieties are necessary to improve yield and ensure sustainable cultivation.   Keywords: waxy corn; pests; diseases; UPT PATPH
Kualitas Benih Hasil Pemijahan Induk Ikan Lele (Clarias Sp.) Akibat Subtitusi Larva Maggot Pada Pakan Komersial Dan Induksi Laserpunktur M. Fani Kurniawan; Pungky Slamet Wisnu Kusuma
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10890.%p

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi larva lalat tentara hitam (black soldier fly larvae/BSFL; Hermetia illucens) dalam pakan komersial dan induksi laserpunktur terhadap kualitas benih ikan lele (Clarias sp.) hasil pemijahan, yang diukur melalui parameter Fertilisation Rate (FR), Hatching Rate (HR), dan Survival Rate (SR). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan: kontrol (pakan komersial), maggot 10% + pakan komersial, dan induksi laserpunktur + pakan komersial, masing-masing diulang sebanyak lima kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan induksi laserpunktur + pakan komersial memberikan peningkatan tertinggi dan signifikan pada semua parameter, dengan nilai FR sebesar 214 ± 8,8%, HR sebesar 205 ± 6,2%, dan SR sebesar 192 ± 5,0%. Perlakuan maggot 10% + pakan komersial juga menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dibanding kontrol, meskipun masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan induksi laserpunktur. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sinergis antara induksi laserpunktur dan suplementasi nutrisi tinggi dari larva maggot mampu meningkatkan performa reproduksi dan kualitas benih ikan lele hasil pemijahan.   Kata kunci: Clarias sp., laserpunktur, larva lalat tentara hitam, performa reproduksi, kualitas benih
Kombinasi AB Mix Dan POC Daun Lamtoro  (Leucaena leucocephala) Pada Hidroponik Sistem Wick Terhadap Stomata Dan Klorofil Tanaman Anggrek Dendrobium sp. Nisa Maulina Syifani; Diah Karunia Binawati
STIGMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Unipa Vol 18 No 02 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/stigma.18.02.10895.%p

Abstract

Peningkatan permintaan anggrek Dendrobium sp. tidak bisa diimbangi dengan produksi yang optimal sebab pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek yang lambat, salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah budidaya secara hidroponik dengan sistem wick (wick system). Larutan nutrisi yang cukup populer digunakan dalam sistem hidroponik adalah AB Mix, namun harga yang mahal memperbesar biaya produksi, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif yang lebih ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Pupuk organik cair (POC) dari daun lamtoro merupakan salah satu alternatif, karena mengandung unsur hara esensial seperti nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium, serta senyawa bioaktif yang mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi AB Mix dan POC daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) terhadap kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total tanaman anggrek Dendrobium sp.. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA diketahui bahwa pemberian kombinasi AB Mix dan POC daun lamtoro berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total tanaman anggrek Dendrobium sp.. Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa rerata pada parameter  kerapatan stomata, indeks stomata dan klorofil total terbaik adalah pada perlakuan P3 (13% AB Mix + 20% POC daun lamtoro), dengan rata-rata kerapatan stomata (0,473/mm2), indeks stomata (9,530%), dan klorofil total (4,567 mg/L).   Kata Kunci: Nutrisi AB Mix; POC Daun Lamtoro;  Anggrek Dendrobium sp.; Hidroponik; Sistem Wick

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