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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 355 Documents
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Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Gel Ekstrak Tembakau (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) dan Aktivitasnya terhadap Streptococcus mutans Yati, Kori; Jufri, Mahdi; Gozan, Misri; Mardiastuti, Mardiastuti; Dwita, Lusi Putri
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Tobacco extract had been proven to have antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. To maximize the use of tobacco extract on topical use as an antibacterial, it could be formulated into a pharmaceutical preparation. This study aimed to formulate tobacco extract in gel preparation by using Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent and to test its activity on S. mutans. The tobacco extract gel was prepared in 3 formulas with variations of HPMC concentration of 1.5% (F1), 2% (F2) and 2.5% (F3). The research began with tobacco extraction, then continued with characteristics evaluation. The extract was formulated in gel form and evaluated for 12 weeks of physical stability. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method. The evaluation results of tobacco extract gel showed that all formulas were stable during 12 weeks storage. Antimicrobial activity against S.mutans showed inhibitory diameter of F1, F2 and F3, were 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, and 11,57 mm respectively. The test was continued by determining the relative potential of F2 compared to erythromycin. The test results showed 1.2 x 10-2 relative potential compare to erythromycin. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that HPMC concentration difference did not give significant difference to the physical stability of tobacco gel, with the best antibacterial activity on S. mutans obtained from F2.
Karakterisasi Gelatin Hasil Ekstraksi dari Kulit Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) dengan Proses Asam dan Basa Nasution, Azlaini Yus; Harmita, Harmita; Harahap, Yahdiana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Gelatin in the majority market comes from pigs and cows. The raw material of gelatin manufacture from other sources continue to be studied because it closely related with halal product. Currently gelatin from fish is an alternative to gelatin making. Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a fish species developed in Kampar regency of Riau Province. The catfish skin can be used as raw material source in gelatin production. This study aims to compare the characteristics of gelatin extracted from catfish skin with acid and alkaline pretreatment. In the acid pretreatment, sulfuric acid is used until the solution at pH 3, then it is extracted with distilled water at 60ºC. In the alkaline pretreatment, the sample was added by 0.2 N NaOH followed by 0.05 N acetic acid and then extracted with distilled water at 60ºC. Characterizations done were including calculation of rendement value, organoleptic test, moisture content, pH, ash content, viscosity, gel strength and texture profile analysis using texture analyzer, protein content with Kjeldahl method and analysis amino acid with HPLC. Characterization of catfish gelatin with acid process gives the following results: rendement (14.94%), water content (9.80%), pH (5.14), ash (0.19%), viscosity (3.12 cP), protein content (97.71%), and highest amino acids, glycine = 16.90 %, proline = 11.08%, glutamic acid = 9.10 %. The result of gelatin characterizations with alkaline process: rendement (14.30%), water content (7.25%), and pH (5.35), ash content (1.54%), viscosity (5.35 cP), gel strength (141,5 g), protein content (91.92%), the highest amino acid content are glycine = 18.15%, proline = 12.30%, glutamic acid = 10.73%. Catfish gelatin through alkaline pretreatment exhibits better properties than acid pretreatment.
Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Karas (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Sanera, Ferlino; Robiyanto, Robiyanto
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Karas (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) leaves contain secondary metabolite such as alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, antraquinone, and triterpenoid. Flavonoid compound has anti inflammatory activity. This research was conducted to investigate the effective anti inflammatory dose from the reduction of rat paw edema using plethismometer. Karas leaves was macerated with 96% ethanol and then evaporated until crude extract was obtained. This research was carried out using 25 male rats that was divided into 5 treatment groups, negative control (CMC-Na 1%), positive control (Natrium diclofenac 4.5 mg/kgBW), dosage I (45 mg/kgBW), dosage II (90 mg/kgBW), and dosage III (180 mg/kgBW). The extract was administrated orally half an hour before the induction of 0.1 ml carragenan 2% solution. The anti inflammatory activity was observed from the volume of edema, AUC, and the percentage of antiinflammatory activity. The data was analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS. The result shows that there was a significant difference between negative control with the treatment groups (dosage I, II, and III). There was no significant difference between positive control with dosage II and III, however there was a significant difference to dosage I. The percentage of antiinflammatory activity of positive control, dosage I, dosage II, and dosage III was 39.3%, 22.9%, 29.6%, and 37.9% respectively. The conclusion of this research was that the effective dose of ethanolic extract form karas leaves was 180 mg/kgBB.
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Sambungsilang Gom Xantan dan Gom Akasia Untuk Penghantaran Insulin Oral Rachmawati, Ade Laura; Surini, Silvia
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Abstract

The insulin nanoparticles has been developed as an alternative to oral insulin delivery. Nanoparticle drug delivery system could be prepared by a cross-linked polymer, which was composed of xanthan gum and acacia gum, and cross-linked by sodium trimetaphosphate. The aim of the present study was to produce insulin nanoparticles using the cross-linked polymer of xanthan gum and acacia gum for oral delivery. In this study, insulin nanoparticles was prepared by mixing xanthan gum and acacia gum colloid with the ratio 1:1 and using sodium trimetaphosphate as a cross-linking agent in bases condition. Afterwards, insulin solution in HCl was added into the colloid, and then dried to produce the insulin nanoparticles. Insulin nanoparticle powders were characterized in terms of degree of substitution (DS), entrapment efficiency, Dv90, swelling ability, in vitro release study, and stability test. The results showed that the substitution degree of the insulin nanoparticles was 0.08 – 0.10 and the entrapment efficiency was 26.11% - 48.73%. Moreover, the insulin nanoparticles had Dv90 value 547 nm - 726 nm and swelling index of 1.1 - 2.9 in HCl pH 1.2 and 2.5 - 3.4 in phosphate buffer pH 6.8, respectively. According to the dissolution study, the insulin nanoparticles provided the insulin release of 78.42% - 85.67% within 3 hours. Furthermore, stability testing showed insulin content after 9 weeks incubation at 4oC was 74.46% - 85.09%. Therefore, this work demonstrated that a cross-linked polymer of xanthan gum and acasia gum nanoparticle could be potential for could be potential for oral insulin delivery system.
L-citrulline as Alternative Pharmacological Substance in Protecting Against Cardiovascular Disease Laurentius, Andrea; Wikanendra, Gregorius Bhaskara; Cong, Tzeto Han; Arozal, Wawaimuli
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has taken up to average 30% of death diagnoses in the world. Prevalent attempts of physicians to treat this disease came down to focus on using drugs with their specific mechanism of action. Since the method only cures the symptoms and need to be pharmacologically monitored, physicians and scientists have been struggling to find other treatment strategies. This problem led us to search for another substance dealing with CVD via preventive therapy, which does not require such close monitoring by physicians in its use. The answer relies on using L-citrulline as potential therapeutics in treating and preventing CVDs. This compound, found mostly in Citrus sp., contains chemical traits that could affect other bodily substances with its metabolic pathways. It has several functions, but boosting NO production is the dominant one in the cardiovascular system. By enhancing NO bioavailability, it suppresses the risk of having myocardial oxidative stress due to ischemia, cardiac pressure-overload, and post-infarct reperfusion. Thus, understanding of L-citrulline effects on endothelial NOS pathway in the generation of NO and its uncoupling mechanisms could be used as a foundation in developing alternative treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-induced CVD.
Diferensiasi Gelatin Sapi dan Gelatin Babi pada Gummy Vitamin C Menggunakan Metode Kombinasi Spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Zilhadia, Zilhadia; Kusumaningrum, Farida; Betha, Ofa Suzanti; Supandi, Supandi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

Gelatin is a polypeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen derived from skin and bones of bovine and porcine. It has an essential component for the manufacture of gummy vitamin C as a gel-forming agent. The porcine gelatin is haram for moslems. This study was conducted to differentiate bovine gelatin and porcine gelatin in vitamin C gummy by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) combined with PCA. Gelatin was extracted from vitamin C gummy by using acetone at -20ºC and analyzed at wave number 4000-750 cm-1. The spectrum of both bovine and porcine gelatin extract from vitamin C gummy have almost the same number absorption that can not be distinguished. Therefore, the spectrum was analyzed by PCA. PCA result, represented with the plot score, showed that both bovine and porcine gelatin extracted has a clear dictinction. PCAcombined FTIR could differentiate of them. This study obtained that the commercial vitamin C gummy contained bovine gelatin.
The Development of a Questionnaire on Factors Affecting Non Adherence Behavior among Indonesian Elderly Population Makkulawu, Andi; Setiadi, Adji Prayitno; Rahardjo, Tri Budi Wahyuni; Setiawan, Eko
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

Instruments which can be used to identify factors affecting the medication adherence of elderly with diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been discovered in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to identify factors affecting elderly patients’ medication adherence. The development of the questionnaire was conducted based on published references attained through the exploration of research evidence with several keywords and databases. Content validity was conducted using experts’ assessment (two experts). Face validity was conducted in 13 subjects including seven (7) non-elderly subjects and six (6) elderly subjects. Construct validity test was conducted based on calculated R against table R while reliability test was conducted with Cronbach’s Alpha. There were 30 elderly subjects included in the construct validity. Present study produced a valid and reliable questionnaire comprising 35 questions in 14 subcategories from 4 factor domains with the calculated R = 0.357-0.788 and Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.934. The questionnaire can be used for further research throughout Indonesia. Hence, a complete overview of factors affecting elderly DM patients’ medicine consumption adherence can be obtained. The identification of factors related to the usage of DM patients’ medicine is expected to serve as a base for the government, both of state and local government, to produce policies related to health interventions to be implemented.
Aktivitas Antinosiseptif Fraksi Diklorometana Daun Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Rute Oral Pada Mencit Jantan Swiss Luliana, Sri; Robiyanto, Robiyanto; Islamy, Muhamad Rido
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

Kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is known to have an opioid-like analgesic effect. One of the main compound in kratom leaf is mitragynine which has strong affinity to opioid receptor. Kratom leaf has many pharmacological effects, one of them is as an antinoceptive agent. The purpose of this research to investigate the antinociceptive effect of dicholoromethane fraction from kratom leaf and determine the percentage of antinociceptive on male Swiss mice. The method used in this study was hot plate method. The animal subjects were divided to five groups: normal group CMC Na 0.5%, morphine 5.46 mg/kgBW, dicholoromethane fraction of kratom leaf doses 70, 140, and 280 mg/kgBW respectively. The subject response like jump, lick or lift up the back leg was considered as latent time parameter. The latent time was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 105 and 120 minutes with cut-off time 15 seconds. Result data were analysed using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test LSD. It showed the antinociceptive effect of discholoromethane fraction at dose 70, 140 and 280 mg/kgBW were significantly difference (p<0,05) with normal group. The conclusion of this study is the discholoromethane fraction of kratom leaf has antinociceptive activity. The percentage of antinocicetiptive from fraction group at dose 280 mg/kgBW(86%) was higher than the other two dose-groups (140 and 70 mg/kgBW) which were 81% and 51%.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of the Ascidians Lissoclinum patella, Oxycoryna fascicularis, Didemnum molle and Botryllus schlosseri Karim, Firmansyah; Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa; Hadi, Tri Aryono; Abrar, Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

The aim of this research is to investigate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity from Indonesian ascidians. Extracts prepared from the Indonesian ascidians Lissoclinum patella, Oxycoryna fascicularis, Didemnum molle and Botryllus schlosseri were assessed for anti-microbial and cytotoxic properties. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested against two Gram-positive bacteria, viz. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and three Gram-negative bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 101454 using the disk diffusion test. Antifungal activity was also tested against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of potential ascidian extracts were determined by the microdilution technique. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. By comparing the inhibition zones in the disk diffusion test, the most active anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) was found in the crude extracts of Oxycoryna fascicularis and Didemnum molle. Lissoclinum patella extract showed the highest activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and V. cholerae. The LC50 values of the crude extracts of Lissoclinum patella, Didemnum molle, Botryllus schlosseri, and Oxycoryna fascicularis were 74.3, 97.2, 114.7 and 132.9 μg/ml, respectively. In our study, the most promising species for anti-microbial and cytotoxic properties are Lissoclinum patella and Didemnum molle.
Potensi Anthelmintik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) pada Cacing Ascaridia galli dan Raillietina tetragona secara In Vitro Robiyanto, Robiyanto; Kusuma, Ria; Untari, Eka Kartika
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 2
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Abstract

Arumanis mango (Mangifera indica L.), a medicinal plant, is allegedly potential as an anthelmintic agent. This research aimed to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of arumanis mango leaves against Ascaridia galli and Raillietina tetragona; know the effect of increasing extract concentration; and calculate the LC50 and LT50 value of the extract. The extract concentrations tested were 5, 25 and 50 (mg/ml) with normal control (NaCl 0,9%) and positive control (mebendazole 5 mg/ml). The time and number of worm deaths were observed and analyzed statistically using One Way Anova SPSS, Post hoc (LSD) and Probit. The results showed that ethanolic extract had anthelmintic activity in which concentration of extract at 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml had death time and number of death worms similar to mebendazole 5 mg/ml for A. galli (p=0.466 and p=0.760) and R. tetragona (p=0.093 and p=0.566); the increasing of extract concentration was linear with the increase of its anthelmintic activity; and LC50 dan LT50 value of the extract for A. galli were 2,6 mg/ml and 15,2 hours, while for R. tetragona were 3,1 mg/ml and 2,5 hours. As a conclusion, arumanis mango leaves is potential to be developed as an anthelmintic traditional medicine.

Page 21 of 36 | Total Record : 355

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