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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 355 Documents
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Fractionation of Citronella Oil and Identification of Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Anwar, Yelfi; Siringoringo, Victor S
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Citronella oil is one of the most important essential oils and is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. However, the selling price of citronella oil is still low, so efforts are needed to increase its added value by isolating the active components such as citronellal, citronellol and geraniol. This study aims to isolate the active ingredients of citronella oil that have higher economic added value. Citronella oil was obtained by the process of distillation of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle leaves. The essential oil was then fractionated by a vacuum fractionation process. The essential oil fraction was identified by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Fractions obtained from the fractionation process were identified, and the results were: F1 (D-Limonene: 72.89%), F2 (Citronellal: 50.13%), F3 (Citronellal: 74.89%), F4 (Citronellal: 88.56%), F5 (Citronellal: 84.89%), F6 (Citronellal: 55.38%), F7 (Citronellol: 57.42%), F8 (Citronellol: 44.73%), F9-1 (Geraniol: 65.56%), F9-2 (Geraniol: 64.41%) and residual (Geraniol: 32.04%). Based on these results, several active compounds from citronella oil can be obtained using the vacuum distillation fractionation method.
Preliminary Characterization, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of Polysaccharide from Caulerpa taxifolia Bayro, Ariane Marie; Manlusoc, Joanne Katherine; Alonte, Renaliza; Caniel, Catherine; Conde, Patrick; Embralino, Carlo
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

Macroalgae are abundant sources of bioactive polysaccharides and prospective candidates for effective and non-toxic substances. This study aims to preliminary characterize and determine the in vitro antioxidant activity and cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell (A549) of the polysaccharide from an invasive green alga, Caulerpa taxifolia. Crude polysaccharide (CP) was extracted from the dried algal sample of C. taxifolia by hot water extraction followed by absolute ethanol precipitation. CP was subjected to preliminary chemical characterization, including protein, carbohydrate, and sulfate content analysis by Kjeldahl titrimetry, acid hydrolysis, gravimetry, and ashing-acid water digestion ion chromatography, respectively. Functional groups present in the CP were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. The cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against A549 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Chemical composition of the CP shows 68.4 % (w/w) carbohydrate, 9.4% (w/w) protein, and 0.74% (w/w) sulfate. FT-IR showed the presence of -OH group, C-H stretch groups, C=O groups, and C-O groups and suggested a pyranose configuration of the sugar structure. MTT assay showed the highest inhibition at 25 μg/mL concentration with 35.50% ± 1.66 SEM with a relative IC50 of 45.44 μg/mL. However, the DPPH assay did not exhibit remarkable free radical scavenging capacity than other studies of polysaccharides with only 18.33% at 1 mg/mL. This exploratory study paves the way to explore the mechanism of action of polysaccharides from marine algae as a possible anticancer treatment.
Inhibitory and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Orthoshipon aristatus Against Candida albicans Rahmasari, Ratika; Chairunissa, Ananda Hanny; Irianti, Marina Ika; Forestrania, Roshamur Cahyan; Arifianti, Ayun Erwina; Suryadi, Herman; Makau, Juliann Nzembi; Jantan, Ibrahim; Elya, Berna
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3
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Abstract

There are increasing number of reports on Candida albicans developing resistance to available anti-fungal drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new agents for treatment of candidiasis. The alcoholic extracts of Orthoshipon aristatus have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against C. albicans by using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. However, the underlying mechanisms of anti-C. albicans effect of O. aristatus have not been well understood. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-biofilm effects of the n-hexane and ethanol extracts of purple and white varieties of O. aristatus leaves and branches against C. albicans. The effect of n-hexane and ethanol extract against C. albicans growth was carried out by crystal violet viability assay. IC50 values of the most active extract, and nystatin and fluconazole as positive controls were also determined by the crystal violet assay. Evaluation of the anti-biofilm effect was performed by treating C. albicans with the extracts at adhesion, development, and biofilm maturation stages using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The n-hexane extract of the purple variety of O. aristatus leaves demonstrated the strongest cytotoxic activity against C. albicans amongst the tested extracts, with an IC50 value of 0.67 µg/mL. The extract also showed strong anti-biofilm effect as fluconazole, with pronounced inhibition at the adhesion stage and less activity at the biofilm development and maturation stages. These results suggested that the n-hexane extract of the purple variety of O. aristatus leaves could be explored for discovery and development of anti-C. albicans agent.
Interpersonal Relationship and Its Effect on Treatment Compliance in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Renaldi, Fransiskus Samuel; Riyadina, Woro; Qamar, Muhammad; Sauriasari, Rani
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

Type-2 diabetes mellitus has become a chronic disease that can lead to serious complications and can only be prevented by compliant treatment of the patients. Compliance can be influenced by various factors, one of which is interpersonal factors. This study aimed to identify various interpersonal relationship problems between patients and healthcare workers that can affect their treatment compliance behavior. This study employed a qualitative design with phenomenological methods. This research was conducted in Central Bogor City in March-August 2020. The data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 20 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients who had been confirmed by the Community Health Center and focus group discussions with 12 healthcare workers consisting of doctors, pharmacists, nutritionists, and nurses. The data were then transcribed and content clouds analysis was carried out. The results showed that most of the patients (76%) followed the advice given by healthcare workers to carry out routine controls. This is a form of patients’ trust in healthcare workers as their health consultants. The trust arises from the convenience of interaction between the two parties. Providing adequate information will increase patients’ understanding and encourage them to take appropriate action for themselves. As many as 12 out of 20 patients chose the Community Health Center for their routine control because the services were sufficient in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. From this study, it can be concluded that patients tend to comply if they feel trust in the health workers, which arises if they can feel the benefits during their therapy.
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Punica granatum Linn. Leaves on Lipid Profiles of Dyslipidemic Rat Kurniati, Neng Fisheri; Garmana, Afrillia Nuryanti; Sakinah, Lia Nurul
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 2
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Abstract

It has been reported that peel of Punica granatum has antidyslipidemic activity. The aim of this research was to investigate the antidyslipidemic activity of Punica granatum leaf. The dried Punica granatum leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol. Rats were divided into several groups, which were normal, positive control, simvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw as reference group, and Punica granatum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Before treatment, male Wistar rats were fed with high cholesterol chow for 3 months, and then plant extract was given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, 14, and 16 to measure the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride. Furthermore, at the last day of extract treatment, the aorta was isolated and haematoxylin-eosin stained. Administration of ethanol leaf extract of Punica granatum at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks significantly reduced the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels up to 27.6% and 34.79%, respectively, compared to positive control group. After 4 weeks of extract treatment, the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level were up to 59.9% and 75.05%, respectively. There was no effect of extract on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level. Furthermore, histological study showed that ethanol extract of P. granatum reduced aortic wall thickness significantly compared to untreated group. Punica granatum leaf is potential to be developed as an antidyslipidemic drug.
A Review: Composition of Neonatal Meconium Microbiota and Its Role for Potential Probiotic Oktaviyani, Devi; 'Alawiyyah, Raden Zulfa; Nusaiba, Putri; Malik, Amarila
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

Early-life period (≤ 1 month after birth) is critical for determining long- and short-term health of neonates. Composition of neonates’ gut microbiota varies greatly between individuals whose development is influenced by various factors including differences in maternal diet and lifestyle during pregnancy, related to population and ethnicity. Balanced microbial composition can create symbiosis among commensal microbes, immunomodulatory compound production, and subsequent immune response regulation. Unbalanced microbiota composition, characterized by more pathogenic organism, less diversity, and less resistance to disease, is called dysbiosis. Probiotic bacteria are a bacteria group contributing to the balance of neonates’ gut microbiota. Probiotic bacterial strains, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus strains, are present in neonatal meconium microbiota. Meconium, a biological material formed during pregnancy, is a useful source of information in describing in utero microbial environment. This review aims to describe probiotic potential in profile composition of neonates’ microbiota meconium of multiple ethnicities as marker of neonates’ health level. Molecular-based sequencing method, such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), is the preferred method for analyzing complex microbiota communities, such as gut microbiota. Neonatal meconium samples are collected and DNA extractions are carried out, then the target genes are amplified by PCR. The amplicons obtained are sequenced and characterized to determine the presence of potential probiotic strains in sample. Whether the probiotic strains can be used to measure neonates’ health level during period of growth and development is also described. Those probiotic strains could be developed as microbial therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal tract disorder therapy.
Comprehensive In Silico Analysis of Christinin Molecular Behaviour from Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves on Propionibacterium acnes Darusman, Fitrianti; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 8, No. 1
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Abstract

The role of in silico studies in the discovery of new drugs is very important and interesting in the recent years, where the results can be used as confirmation of the results of in vitro tests carried out experimentally in the laboratory. One of the herbal ingredients is Ziziphus spina-christi leaves with effective antibacterial activity, such as for acne-causing bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes. This is because it contains main secondary metabolites with saponins as the major components which contain christinin as its active compound. There are four known types of christinin, namely christinin-A, christinin-B, christinin-C, and christinin-D. In this study, the molecular interaction of the christinin compound was tested to predict its affinity for Propionibacterium acnes compared to clindamycin, as well as to determine the level of safety on the skin so that it can be applied as a topical anti-acne dosage form. In silico studies, including molecular docking and toxicity prediction, were used to assess the activity of four molecules of the christinin compound on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) macromolecules. The christinin molecules form a strong and stable molecular interaction with the active site of the binding of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) macromolecules. Interestingly, the christinin compound molecules also has a fairly good level of safety based on the three identified parameters. Based on this results christinin compound molecules has potential to be developed as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors candidate to control of skin infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes which has potential as a topical anti-acne.
Efek Anti-tifoid Minyak Atsiri Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoria Rosc.) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L) yang Terinfeksi Salmonella typhi Rina Yanti Eff, Aprilita
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Abstract

Temu putih (Curcuma zedoria Rosc.) contains essential oils that have antibacterial effects, in which one of the example is against Salmonella typhi. The aim of this study is to find out the anti-typhoid effect of essential oil from temu putih in rat infected by Salmonella typhi using widal test. The study was conducted experimentally. Rats were divided into six groups, i.e., normal control group, negative control group which was given PGA 10%, positive control group, which was administered chloramphenicol suspension 20 mg / 250 g BB, experiment group 1, 2 and 3 which were administerd emulsion essential oil at a dose of 14 mg / mL, 28 mg / mL, 42 mg / mL, respectively. Antibody titer was measured on day 1 (Widal test I), day 8 (Widal test II) and on day 14 (Widal test III). After the Widal test I, rats were induced Salmonella typhi bacterial suspension for 7 days orally, except for normal control group, and followed by administration of treatment 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days according to the group. The result of Widal test I shows negative value on all groups of animal test, whereas Widal test II result shows an increase of titer antigen Salmonella typhi O and H ranging from 1/80 up to 1/320 in rats induced by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Essential oil from Curcuma zedoria Rosc at doses of 14 mg / mL, 28 mg / mL and 42 mg / mL decreased the Salmonella typhi O and H antigen titer in rats infected by Salmonella typhi and has anti-typhoid effect.
Synthesis of Polymer-Drug Conjugates Using Natural Polymer: What, Why and How? Sagita, Erny; Syahdi, Rezi Riadhi; Arrahman, Arif
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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For years, natural polymers have played a significant role in pharmaceutical field due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In Indonesia, most research in natural polymers focus on application of the polymers as inert pharmaceutical excipients or as drug matrix in micro- and nano- particle. Meanwhile, research about polymers in the world (mostly synthetic polymers) have been progressed to advanced drug delivery system. In this system, the polymer can act as either pharmacologically active molecules, or sophisticated carrier in targeted prodrug delivery system. The latter is called polymer-drug conjugates, a system where the drugs are covalently attached to a polymeric carrier, rather than simply entrapped in polymer matrix. Natural polymers have been one of the materials to use for the carrier due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review article emphasizes the opportunity, challenges and strategies to use natural polymers as carrier in polymer-drug conjugates. Moreover, we also discuss some aspects in regards of the synthesis and analysis, to give some perspectives and encouragement for the Indonesian researcher who are interested in exploring this research field.
Aktivitas Afrodisiaka Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Rusdi, Numlil Khaira; Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Maifitrianti, Maifitrianti; Ulfah, Yuanita Sofiana; Annisa, Ayyoehan Tiara
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Abstract

Decreased of libido is illustrated with disinterest in sexual activity caused by erectile dysfunction, impotence, and infertility. It can be treated by aphrodisiac agents. Katuk or Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr has long been used as a medicinal plant. The aim of this research was to evaluate which fraction of katuk leaf ethanol extract that had the aphrodisiac activity with parameters of climbing, introduction and the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat. Sprague-Dawley male rats as animals model divided into five groups: the normal control group, the positive control group (X-gra®), the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction groups in which each fraction group given a dose of 11.85 mg/kg body weight. The number of climbing and introductions were calculated on 0, 1st, 3th, and 5th day. The data were tested statistically with one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test. The weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat were observed on the 15th day. Previously, rats were anesthetized using ketamine and then performed surgery. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction (11.85 mg/kg body weight) increased libido with the average number of climbing was 16.5 times and the average number of introductions was 27.75 times. It was also able to increase the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat compare to positive control (X-gra® 51.37 mg/kg body weight). The compounds contained in n-hexane fraction are terpenoids and steroids.

Page 20 of 36 | Total Record : 355

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