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International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2808845X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, preventive medicine (social medicine), pharmacy, and other medical fields. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 426 Documents
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Qualitative Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan During the Pandemic Muliyani, Muliyani; Isnani, Nazhipah; Annisa, Rahmi; Ramadhani, Juwita
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.457

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially recognized COVID-19 as a pandemic. By March 29, 2020, global cases had reached 634,835 with 33,106 fatalities. In Indonesia, there were 1,528 confirmed infections and 136 deaths. According to Indonesia's Presidential Regulation No. 99 of 2020, the government is expediting the acquisition of COVID-19 vaccines and the vaccination program to combat the pandemic. COVID-19 has spread extensively across nearly all provinces in Indonesia. The government remains committed to gradually delivering safe, high-quality, and effective vaccines. Despite these efforts, many people remain hesitant about vaccination due to concerns over side effects and vaccine safety. This study aims to qualitatively analyze the reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines. Using a descriptive observational qualitative design, informants were selected through purposive sampling. Reported side effects include drowsiness, injection site pain, increased appetite, fever around 38-39°C, weakness, recurrence of asthma, chest tightness, cough, and runny nose. The most common reactions observed were fever up to 39°C (18.51%) and vomiting (11.11%).
Optimization of Nanogel Formulation of Piper Nigrum And Erythrina Subumbrans Extract As Anti-Inflammatory Based On Lontar Usadha Tiwang: Effectiveness Test On Mus Musculus Sindhu Aditama, I Gede Agus; Ayu Ratih Listiani, Putu
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.454

Abstract

Public health in Bali has long been supported by traditional medicine based on local wisdom, one of which is usadha tiwang. In practice, usadha tiwang uses black pepper (Piper nigrum) and dadap leaves (Erythrina subumbrans) to treat mokan disease, which is characterized by swelling and pain, typical symptoms of inflammation. Scientifically, both have been proven to have anti-inflammatory activity in both extract and cream preparations, although their use in topical nanogel formulations has not been explored. This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening, develop a combination nanogel formulation of P. nigrum and E. subumbrans extracts, and evaluate anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Extraction was performed by maceration, using 96% ethanol (1:5) for P. nigrum and 70% ethanol (1:5) for E. subumbrans. A total of six nanogel formulas were prepared with varying gel base concentrations. Activity testing was performed on mice (Mus musculus) with 1% carrageenan induction on the paw, divided into eight groups (F1–F6, negative control, and positive control). Edema evaluation was performed using a plethysmometer, and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Screening results showed that P. nigrum ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids, while E. subumbrans extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. All formulations had transmittance values ​​>90%. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between treatment groups (p=0.002). The positive control (Voltaren® Emulgel) differed significantly from all test groups (p=0.000). Of the six formulas, F3 showed the most optimal effect with an inflammation inhibition percentage of 100% at the 60th minute of observation.
Pulmonary Function Recovery After Treatment in Drug Sensitive TB: What Factors Matter? Simbolon, Novery; Pandia, Pandiaman; Pradana, Andika; Anhar, Taufik
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.465

Abstract

Background: Indonesia ranks second globally in tuberculosis burden, and up to 50% of treated patients develop pulmonary dysfunction. Objectives: To identify clinical and radiographic factors influencing spirometric recovery after treatment in drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. Population comprised adults (>18 years) in Medan who completed standard drug-sensitive TB therapy within six months. Sixty participants were selected by consecutive sampling. Instruments included spirometry (Global Lung Function Initiative 2022 equations) and chest radiograph scoring. A structured questionnaire captured demographics, TB history, comorbidities, and smoking. Data analysis involved bivariate tests (chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s exact) and multivariate logistic regression (enter method). Results: Advanced radiographic lesion extent was the only independent predictor of abnormal spirometry (Exp(B)=4.889; 95% CI 1.386–17.241; p=0.014). Other variables lost significance after adjustment. Conclusion: Initial lesion burden on chest radiograph strongly determines pulmonary function recovery post-treatment. Early stratification by lesion extent is recommended for targeted follow-up and rehabilitation
Incidence of Malnutrion Based On Body Mass Index And Subjective Global Assesment In Patients With Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Dalimunthe, Muhammad Bayhaqi; Pradana, Andika; Tarigan, Amira Permatasari; Amelia, Rina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.467

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is a serious problem in patients with COPD, it interferes with normal skeletal muscle function, with reduced muscle mass and decreased respiratory muscle strength and endurance. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of malnutrition based on BMI and SGA in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Medan Teaching Hospital. Method: The research design is an observational analytic, from November 2023 to March 2024. The study population was COPD patients who sought treatment at the Pulmonary Polyclinic at RSCPL with a total sample using the consecutive sampling method of 91 people Assessment of BMI by measuring TB and BW of patients when they came and assessment of SGA with a questionnaire Data processing using SPSS using descriptive statistics by displaying the IMT and SGA frequency distribution tables. Result: The results of this study found that most patients were categorized as underweight, namely 28 patients (30.8%). The majority of SGA classification as underweight/moderate nutrition "SGA B", namely 50 patients or (54.9%). Conclusion: We found that the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire is very influential in detecting patients with COPD who are malnourished to reduce respiratory muscle decline, and relapse of exacerbations.
Risk Factor of Lost to Follow-up Treatment in drug-sensitive pulmonary TB patients Sari Mardia, Rina; Yinke Magdalena Sinaga, Bintang; Siagian, Parluhutan; Ashar , Taufik
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.468

Abstract

Background: Loss to follow-up (LTFU) treatment remains a critical challenge in tuberculosis control in Indonesia, accounting for approximately 50% of treatment failure cases among pulmonary TB patients. Objectives: To identify independent predictors of LTFU among drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) patients in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 100 DS-TB patients (40 with LTFU, 60 treatment-completed) from two hospitals. Purposive sampling technique was employed. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, patient perspective toward TB treatment, social support (using MSPSS scale), and healthcare services quality. Bivariate analysis used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests; multivariate analysis employed multiple logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of LTFU: social support (odds ratio 128.632; 95% confidence interval 13.809 to 1,198.216; p < 0.001) and treatment perspective (odds ratio 25.415; 95% confidence interval 5.569 to 115.985; p < 0.001). Low to moderate social support was the most dominant risk factor, conferring approximately 128.7 times greater odds of treatment discontinuation compared to high social support. Poor treatment perspective was the second dominant predictor, with 90% of LTFU patients demonstrating negative perspectives. Conclusion: Poor treatment perspective and low to moderate social support are significantly associated with LTFU treatment discontinuation in DS-TB patients. Psychosocial interventions addressing these factors should be prioritized in TB control programs to improve treatment completion rates and achieve WHO treatment success targets.
Analysis of The Success Level of Pregnancy Women's Classes As A Program To Prevent Maternal and Infant Mortality In Sambirejo Village Langkat Regency Salsabila, Aisyah; Gafar Parinduri, Abdul; Medina Liza Lubis, Humairah
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.471

Abstract

Maternal and infant mortality remain significant public health challenges worldwide, with preventable causes accounting for approximately 75% of maternal deaths. This study analyzed the success level of the Pregnant Women's Class program as a maternal and infant mortality prevention strategy in Sambirejo Village, Langkat District. This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional analytical survey design with 27 pregnant women at 20-32 weeks gestation. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing 20 items assessing maternal knowledge regarding pregnancy, childbirth, and infant care. The Paired Samples t-Test was used to compare pre-test and post-test knowledge scores at a 95% confidence level with alpha 0.05. The results revealed substantial knowledge improvement following program participation, with mean pre-test scores of 73.52 increasing to 92.78 on post-test, representing a 26.2% relative improvement. The Paired Samples t-Test analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.607 with p-value less than 0.001, indicating highly significant knowledge gains. These findings demonstrate that the pregnant women's class program successfully enhanced maternal knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth, newborn care, and postpartum health practices. The pregnant women's class should be integrated as a priority intervention into standard antenatal care packages and expanded across rural Indonesian communities to support maternal and infant mortality prevention efforts.
Relationship Between Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction in the Inpatient Room of Adventist Hospital Manado Christy Porong, Virginia; N. N. Tatura, Suryadi; Rampengan, Novie H.
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.474

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between service quality and patient satisfaction in inpatient wards at Adventist Hospital Manado, a leading private healthcare institution in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using the SERVQUAL model—which evaluates five dimensions of service quality: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy—the research aims to identify which dimensions most significantly influence patient satisfaction. A quantitative correlational design was employed, involving 95 respondents selected through purposive sampling from the Seiruni and Asteir inpatient wards, covering all hospitalization classes (Class 1–3, VIP, Silver, and Gold). Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS 25.0. Descriptive results indicated that Responsiveness received the highest average score, followed by Empathy and Assurance. The regression analysis revealed that Tangibles and Reliability had a statistically significant positive effect on patient satisfaction, while Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy, although positively correlated, did not reach significance. The model accounted for 74.3% of the variance in patient satisfaction (R² = 0.743), indicating strong explanatory power. These findings suggest that physical infrastructure, cleanliness, medical equipment, and consistency in care delivery are critical determinants of patient satisfaction. Although interpersonal aspects such as empathy and courtesy remain essential, patients prioritize visible service reliability and facility quality. The study underscores the importance of strategic improvements in operational consistency and hospital environment to enhance overall patient experience.
Factors Influencing The Incidence of Loss To Follow-Up Treatment In Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Dalimunthe, Almira; Yinke Magdalena Sinaga, Bintang; Siagian, Parluhutan; Amelia, Rina
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.475

Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a significant global health challenge with Indonesia ranking second highest for pulmonary TB cases. Treatment adherence in DR-TB patients is influenced by multiple interacting factors requiring systematic investigation to identify independent risk determinants. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study assessed associations between independent variables and loss to follow-up treatment outcomes in DR-TB patients at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, from May to November 2024. A purposive sampling strategy enrolled 104 bacteriologically confirmed DR-TB patients comprising 34 loss to follow-up cases and 70 treatment completers. Data collection utilized validated questionnaires assessing attitudes toward treatment, perceived social support, and healthcare service quality. Statistical analysis employed chi-squared testing for bivariate associations and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis with significance level p<0.05. Results demonstrated that 85.3% of loss to follow-up patients experienced low to moderate social support, 67.6% held poor treatment attitudes, and 64.7% perceived insufficient healthcare services. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between education (PR=4.13; p=0.023), attitudes (PR=6.04; p<0.001), social support (PR=14.50; p<0.001), and healthcare services (PR=5.72; p<0.001) with treatment discontinuation. Multivariate analysis identified three independent risk factors: low to moderate social support emerging as the predominant determinant (PR=14.01; 95% CI=4.26–46.02; p<0.001), followed by inadequate healthcare services (PR=3.33; 95% CI=1.18–9.43; p=0.023), while unemployment showed protective effect (PR=0.315; p=0.045). This investigation concludes that social support constitutes the principal modifiable risk factor for loss to follow-up treatment in DR-TB patients, necessitating implementation of family-based psychosocial interventions and quality healthcare service improvements to sustain treatment adherence during the challenging 20-month therapeutic regimen.
The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Learning Concentration in Medical Students at Prima Indonesia University Class of 2022 Hilda Ayu Tania; Ana Fresia; Taufik Delfian
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.478

Abstract

Sleep represents a fundamental physiological necessity critical for restoring brain and body functions, with adequate sleep quality substantially influencing cognitive capacity and academic performance. Medical students frequently experience poor sleep quality due to demanding academic curricula, resulting in diminished learning concentration and compromised academic outcomes. This research examined the association between sleep quality and learning concentration among medical students at Universitas Prima Indonesia, class of 2022. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 67 medical students selected through simple random sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, while learning concentration was evaluated through structured observation sheets. Bivariate analysis employed chi-square statistical testing with a significance threshold established at p less than 0.05. Results demonstrated that 56.7% of participants experienced poor sleep quality, while 61.2% displayed low learning concentration. Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant association between sleep quality and learning concentration (p = 0.001), with an odds ratio of 11.652, indicating that students with good sleep quality possessed approximately 11.652 times greater likelihood of achieving high learning concentration. The strong association between these variables suggests that improving sleep quality represents a potentially effective intervention for enhancing concentration and academic performance in medical education. This research provides empirical evidence supporting the critical importance of sleep optimization within medical education institutions and justifies institutional investment in student wellness programs targeting sleep quality improvement and concentration enhancement.
The Correlation Between Physical Activity And Quality of Life Among The Elderly In North Jakarta Veranica, Romauli; Budi, Tri; Suratmi, Tri
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i4.446

Abstract

Indonesia has experienced a significant increase in its elderly population. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS) in 2024, the number of older adults reached approximately 29 million, representing 12% of the total population. In Koja District, North Jakarta, based on the 2024 Koja Health Center Profile, the elderly population is recorded at 28,020 individuals. This demographic shift poses major challenges in maintaining and improving the quality of life of older adults, which can be promoted through active ageing strategies.This study aimed to analyze the correlation between physical activity and quality of life among the elderly. The research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of older adults living in the Koja Health Center working area, with respondents selected using random sampling. A total of 120 participants were included, determined by Slovin’s formula. Data collection utilized the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess quality of life and a modified PASE instrument to measure physical activity.Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (logistic regression) methods. The findings showed that most elderly participants engaged in moderate levels of physical activity, and their quality of life was categorized as fair to good. A statistically significant correlation was found between physical activity and quality of life (p < 0.05), with moderate physical activity showing the highest odds ratio (OR = 3.600). Moreover, independence level and family support were also significantly associated with quality of life.These findings confirm the essential role of physical activity in supporting elderly well-being. Strengthening community-based interventions, such as the Prolanis program and elderly health posts (posyandu lansia), is recommended to sustain elderly participation in physical activity and improve their overall quality of life.

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