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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30323134     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/inajbcs.v56i01.11961
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences (InaJBCS) aims to promote the translational of basic research into clinical studies and of clinical evidence into practice. InaJBCS publishes studies that substantially enhance our standing of disease etiology and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; trials that test the efficacy of specific interventions and those that compare different treatments. InaJBCS invites authors to submit articles in the fields of biomedical sciences including biomedical genetics, bioinformatics, cardiovascular medicine, endocrinology, gastroenterology, geriatrics, infectious diseases, medical oncology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, and phytomedicine medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 116 Documents
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The efficacy of combination of oral antioxidants and topical retinoic acid versus topical retinoic acid monotherapy in mild acne vulgaris patients Mawu, Ferra Olivia; Kapantow, Marlyn Grace; Christopher, Paulus Mario
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.14640

Abstract

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous follicle with multifactorial pathogenesis and pleiomorphic clinical manifestations constituting comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Oxidative stress has been reported to contribute in AV pathogenesis. This phenomenon rationalizes antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for AV management. Four cases of 22 to 23 yo women with complaints of worsening facial acne for 1 to 6 mo. Initially, acne lesions appeared as skin-colored papules, which increased in number, became reddish papules and pustules, and extended to the jaw and chin. Lesions were accompanied by temporary itching and pain. Dermatological examination revealed multiple circumscribed discrete erythematous papules, miliar to lenticular in size, comedones (+), and pustules (+), with total lesions <30. According to the Lehmann criteria, patients were diagnosed as mild AV. All patients were treated with 0.025% topical retinoic acid cream, while the other two patients received additional oral antioxidant supplementations (zinc and ɑ-lipoic acid) and were followed up every two weeks. Two cases who received additional oral antioxidant supplementations (Group A) exhibited an earlier and higher clinical improvement, characterized by a reduction in the number of lesions on each follow up, till the current report. Oxidative stress in AV pathogenesis causes microenvironment alteration that favours colonization of Cutibacterium acnes. Together with the increase in sebum production, it stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), contributing to the inflammatory response. Antioxidant supplementation plays a role in suppressing the process of lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Comprehensive management of AV is based on pathogenesis and the role of oxidative stress. An earlier and higher clinical improvement reduction was noted in Group A, patients who received a combination of 0.025% topical retinoic acid cream and oral antioxidant supplementation.
The role of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) in improving plasma lipid profiles: a literature review Marcella, Marzha; Desak Made Wihandani; I Gusti Ayu Artini
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.16550

Abstract

Several major risk factors contribute to cardiovascular diseases. One of these is dyslipidemia, an imbalance of plasma lipids such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). While medications to lower lipids are widely used to improve lipid profiles, they have some limitations. Flaxseed is rich in ɑ-linolenic acid, phytosterols, and lignans, which can improve lipid profiles. This study aimed to review the potential effects of flaxseed on lipid metabolism. Data was gathered from research databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer for the past 5 yr. About 1,527 scientific articles were found, but after eliminating duplicates and screening of title and abstract, only 45 full-text articles were assessed, with 16 selected. The result showed that ɑ-linolenic acid, phytosterols, lignans, and fibers in flaxseed improve TC, LDL, TG, and HDL through various mechanisms. In conclusion, flaxseed shows promise as a natural therapy for dyslipidemia, improving TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG levels, though HDL effects vary. Disparities are linked to demographics, form, dosage, and duration, highlighting the need for standardized research.
Antihyperlipidemic activity of kaffir lime leaf extract (Citrus hystrix DC) on hypercholesterolemic model mice Anjani, Ade Giriayu; Rosa Juwita Hesturini
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.16602

Abstract

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is rich in various bioactive substances like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hesperidin, and several monoterpenes, which are believed to have antihyperlipidemic activity. Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic issue that can lead to high blood pressure and weight gain. This condition is the result of an imbalance in cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, elevated LDL, and reduced HDL. This study aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of kaffir lime leaf extract (C. hystrix DC) on hypercholesterolemic model mice. It was pre- and post-control group design study. Tweenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) weighing 16-21g at 12 wk of age were used in this study. Five mice as normal control mice group (Group 1) were only administered 1% CMC-Na solution and 20 mice were administered an atherogenic diet to induce hyperlipidemic model. The hyperlipidemic mice were then randomly divided into four groups i.e. positive control mice group (Group 2) were administered simvastatin suspendet in 1% CMC-Na at dose of 0.03 mg/g BW, treatment mice group (Group 3-5) were administered C. hystrix DC leaf extract suspendet in 1% CMC-Na at doses of 0.21; 0.28; and 0.35 mg/g BW, respectively. The interventions were administered one daily for 14 d. Blood sampling from the retroorbital plexus of the mice was conducted before and 14 d after the intervention for lipid profile analysis. The serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels were measured by the CHOD-PAP (cholesterol oxidase-phenyl amino phyrazolone) enzymatic method. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides levels, and a significant increase in the HDL level were observed in the treatment group at doses of 0.28; 0.35 mg/g BW compared to the normal control group (p<0.05). The maximal antihyperlipidemic activity was observed at dose of 0.28 mg/g BW. In conclusion, the C. hystrix DC leaf extract has antihyperlipidemic model mice.
Penile squamous cell carcinoma related to high risk HPV infection Harsono, Erliana Tantri; Siswati, Agnes Sri; Diovani, Sonia; Andayani, Raden Roro Rini; Dyah Ayu Mira Oktarina
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.17119

Abstract

Penile cancer is an uncommon form of malignancy, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common subtype. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with the development of penile SCC, particularly strains 16 and 18. This report presents two cases of penile SCC related to HPV type 18 infection and discusses the diagnosis and role of HPV in penile cancer. It aims to illustrate the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of penile SCC, with emphasis on the role of HPV infection. Case 1 involves a 41 yo man with a verrucous mass on the glans penis, diagnosed as well-differentiated SCC, with HPV type 18 detected. Case 2 is a 54 yo man presenting with multiple ulcerative plaques on the distal glans, also diagnosed as SCC with HPV type 18. Penile SCC can be classified into HPV-associated and non-HPV-associated subtypes. The HPV-associated SCC, more commonly seen in younger patients, is driven by viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which disrupt tumor suppressor proteins. The pathogenesis is similar to that seen in cervical cancer. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology and genotyping, while treatment involves surgical excision, with possible radiotherapy and chemotherapy depending on lymph node involvement. Early detection and diagnosis of penile SCC are critical for effective treatment. The HPV infection plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of penile SCC, highlighting the importance of HPV vaccination in prevention. Multidisciplinary management is essential for improving patient outcomes
Urethroscopy evacuation of glue stick polyembolokoilomania: a case report Sabudi, I Made Nugraha Gunamanta; Irzan, Muhammad Anwar; Ghinorawa, Tanaya
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i1.17134

Abstract

Insertion of a foreign body is an uncommon case in the urology emergency. It was reported one of the abnormal habits called polyemobolokoilomania, which involves inserting strange things into the self-body orifice, especially the urethra in the urological case. A male 56 yo came with a history of inserting a glue stick on his external urethral orifice and complained of dysuria. By physical examination, palpated solid things 6 cm from the external urethral orifice. The patient then planned to undergo urethroscopy and found the glue stick along 27 cm. Urethroscopy successfully evacuated the whole glue stick, and a silicone catheter 18 Fr was applied to monitor the urine. The next 2 wk, the indwelling catheter was removed, and the patient could normally urinate. Glue stick insertion is one of the things that is commonly inserted by polyembolokoilomania, or the act of insertion a foreign body into a human orifice. Psychological and psychiatric aspects also need to be evaluated, because the patient could have mental health issues that need to be treated to prevent recurrent habits in the future. Physical examination of foreign bodies could be found when palpated along the penis. Further diagnostic tools like BNO could be conducted if there was no clear information from history taking (patient dishonest or unable to communicate) and in doubt by physical examination. The approach to evacuation could be varied, it could be evacuated by a milking procedure, endourology using a urethroscope, or open surgery. Insertion of strange things or polyembolokoilomania was an uncommon case in a urology emergency setting. The treatment focuses on evacuating the foreign body, and the patient can urinate normally. Psychological and psychiatric aspects also need to be followed up to prevent recurrent habits as a risk factor for repeated cases.
Response of narrowband ultraviolet-B phototherapy combined with superoxide dismutase antioxidant cream in the management of non-segmental vitiligo Muchamad Apriyanto; Hanan Asrafi Noviandari; Niken Indrastuti; Arief Budiyanto
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.17224

Abstract

Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disorder characterized by the loss of melanocyte function. The oxidative stress theory plays a role in the occurrence of vitiligo. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy can be combined with other therapies to accelerate skin repigmentation. A 47 yo woman presented to the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta with a chief complaint of white patches on her face, neck, chest, and hands that had persisted for 11 yr. The patient had previously received NB-UVB phototherapy and a calcineurin inhibitor cream, but the symptoms persisted. Significant repigmentation of the lesion area was achieved after NB-UVB phototherapy combined with superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant cream. NB-UVB phototherapy plays a role in immunomodulation, biostimulation, and reducing oxidative stress. The SOD helps clear superoxide radicals, preventing damage to melanocytes. The combination of NB-UVB phototherapy and antioxidant cream can be considered a treatment option for vitiligo.
Managing diagnostic problem of syphilis manifested as chronic colitis and enteropathic arthritis in a 29 yo male: a case report Auliya, Kamila; Nugroho, Cahyo Wibisono; Mumtaza, Hilya Itsnain
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.17895

Abstract

Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by Gram-negative bacterium, Treponema pallidum, known for its ability to mimic other diseases, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. We present a case of a 29 yo male with recurrent acute diarrhea, accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, prolonged mouth ulcers, and weight loss for the last three months. He was hospitalized multiple times due to the same recurrent problems. He was initially suspected for immunodeficiency diseases and was screened for HIV and hepatitis B, but both results came out negative. The patient was then suspected with malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and underwent several examinations including; hematology workup, abdominal X-ray, gastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy and biopsy. However, the result of all abdominal X-ray, biopsy and colonoscopy ruled out malignancy. The examinations discovered intraluminal ileocecal mass that is consist of lymphocytic cells, therefore the patient was diagnosed with chronic colitis and ileitis. The patient went to the clinic as scheduled with a new chief complain of other symptoms; painful spine and hip join movement, which added to his new diagnose of enterophatic arthritis and he was hospitalized for further diagnosis. During hospitalization, the patient was screened for another venereal disease i.e. syphilis, due to the everchanging symptomatology. He was being screened with VDRL, and later TPHA test. This case encompasses the complexity and challenges of diagnostic workup in non-suggestive findings of the disease syphilis as the Great Imitator.
Biofilm detection of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, West Kalimantan Anggie, Joycely; Fajar Liana, Delima; Mardhia, Mardhia; Mahyarudin, Mahyarudin; Agustina, Risa
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.18918

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is known as Gram-negative, encapsulated, and non-motile bacteria. One of its most important virulence factors of K. pneumoniae is the ability to form biofilms. A high percentage of K. pneumoniae as biofilm formation is associated with a high incidence of antibiotic resistance, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate biofilm formation of clinical isolates of K. pneumonia from Pontianak, West Kalimantan. A total of 24 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from various specimens were subjected to biofilm formation detection. The biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet formation at wavelength of 570 nm as indicator using microtiter plate assay. As control of biofilm formation was Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and as control of non-biofilm formation was Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Data on biofilm formation of the isolates from various specimens were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test with SPSS Ver. 26. All the K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were biofilm producer consisting of 19 isolates were strong biofilm producer, four were moderate biofilm producer, and one isolates was weak biofilm producer. No association between biofilm formation and specimen type was observed (p=0.541). In conclusion, all K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from Pontianak, West Kalimantan are identified as biofilm producer.
Secondhand smoke exposure and its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia: a narrative review of molecular and epidemiological perspectives Yenny Febriany; Irfannuddin; Mohammad Zulkarnain; Yusuf Effendi
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.19209

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension after 20 wk of gestation, often accompanied by proteinuria or organ dysfunction. This condition is linked to genetic, environmental factors, and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). This study explores the relationship between SHS exposure and PE risk through a narrative literature review. Epidemiological and molecular studies data demonstrate that SHS exposure increases PE risk via oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenic disruptions. The analysis reveals that SHS exposure enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, triggers systemic inflammation through the NF-κB pathway, and impairs angiogenic function by lowering the PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio. The risk significantly increases with exposures ≥2 hr/d or weekly frequencies ≥4 d, particularly in poorly ventilated domestic and occupational settings. Biomarkers such as cotinine and carbon monoxide (CO) are employed to assess exposure levels, providing robust evidence that duration and intensity of exposure are pivotal in PE pathogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of preventive strategies, including smoking bans, public health education, and integration of biomarker-based assessments into prenatal care. Future research should aim to clarify the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms involved and explore therapeutic interventions to mitigate SHS-induced damage.
Association between undernutrition and language delay in children under 5 years old: a systematic review Lulus Hardiyanti; Anindya Khairunnisa Zahra; Fara Azmiarrizqi; Amelia Nur Khasanah; Sheila Agustina; Ardiyuga Pratitapraya; Puguh Oktavian
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 57 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v57i2.19291

Abstract

In 2022, global statistics of the WHO (World Health Organization) reported 148.1 million children under 5 y.o. were too short for their age (stunting), 45.0 million were too thin for their height (wasting), and 37.0 million were too heavy for their height (overweight). Solving the problem of undernutrition is included in the second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals. Language skills are one of the important aspects of development in children. This study aimed to assess the association between undernutrition and language delay in children under 5 y.o. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in 2014-2024. We identified studies that analyzed children under 5 y.o. with undernutrition and screenings for language delay, full-text, Indonesia, and English language studies, used cross-sectional study, case-control study, cohort study, and RCT study designs. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. There were 4,865 articles of search results in 3 databases consisting of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 16 articles, including 11 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohorts, were analyzed. An association was observed between undernutrition and language delay. Other factors that significantly influenced language delay were paternal education, maternal education, and stimulation. Most studies report that the more severe the conditions of wasting, stunting and underweight will cause more severe conditions of language delay.

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