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Nanang Yunarto
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan
ISSN : 2085675X     EISSN : 23548770     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Traditional Medicines, and Pharmaceutical Care.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024" : 12 Documents clear
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Isolate of The Endophytic Fungi of Shallot Tubers (Allium cepa L.) Against Pathogen Bacteria Octaviani, Melzi; Jannah, Miftahul; Wulandari, Rizki; Utami, Rahayu; Fadhli, Haiyul
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are widely known by the public as a kitchen spice and traditional medicine. Shallots have antibacterial activity. Compounds that have antibacterial properties can be obtained by isolating endophytic microbes. Endophytic microbes are microbes that live in plant tissue, are able to form colonies in plant tissue without having detrimental effects on the host, and can produce secondary metabolites like the host. Phytochemical screening of shallot tubers showed that they contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. This research aims to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from shallot tubers and determine the antibacterial activity of these endophytic fungal isolates. Endophytic fungi were isolated using the direct planting method, and then pure isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the agar diffusion method against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella dysenteriae. There were 4 isolates of endophytic fungi produced during the isolation process, namely FEAC-U1 (Aspergillus), FEAC-U2 (Penicillium), FEAC-U3 (Trichophyton), and FEAC-U4 (Rhizopus). FEAC-U1 isolate showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella dysenteriae. FEAC-U2 isolate showed the highest activity against Salmonella typhi. FEAC-U3 isolate showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results of antibacterial activity testing on four isolates of shallot tuber endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of the test bacteria.
Effectiveness of an Organic Mask of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) for Facial Care Agusriani, Agusriani; Hamilatussa'diyah, Hamilatussa'diyah; Azizah, Lailan; Fitrianingsih, Fitrianingsih
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Facial masks are cosmetic products for topical use on facial skin. Using organic components from nature can prevent irritation and skin pigment damage due to the side effects of harmful chemicals in cosmetic products in the global market. This study aims to develop a combination organic mask formulation from Moringa leaves and turmeric and test its effectiveness. This experimental study, which had a one-shot case study design, was conducted at the Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory and Phytochemical Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Jambi. The formulation consisted of Moringa leaf powder and turmeric with formulas F1 (40%, 30%), F2 (50%, 25%) and F3 (60%, 20%). Further data analysis used the paired t-test. The evaluation consists of phytochemical screening, characteristic tests of the organic mask (organoleptic, pH, drying time, and homogeneity), stability tests (organoleptic, fungal growth), effectiveness tests of mask preparations (skin moisture), and antioxidant activity tests. Based on the results, formula 3 showed the best results as an organic mask preparation with moisture test results of 58.87 ± 6.24 (mean ± SD), p <0.001. The antioxidant activity results showed IC50 values of each formula were F1 (73.43 µg/ml), F2 (56.33 µg/ml), and F3 (182.11 µg/ml). This study recommends that Moringa leaves and turmeric have potential and effectiveness as antioxidant compounds that can be developed as organic mask preparations.
Probiotic-Green Tea Yoghurt on Improving Testicular Histology of High-fat and Fructose Diet Mice Izati, Rahmi; Al Faizah, Belinda Nabiila; Fadlilah, Dawama Nur; Kavitarna, Septhyanti Aprilia; Sa'adah, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus; Ardiansyah, Esha; Atho'illah, Mochammad Fitri; Arifah, Siti Nur; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Rahayu, Sri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

An unhealthy lifestyle can cause changes in the body's metabolism, leading to obesity. The development of obesity is supported by a disturbance in gut microbiota balance that triggers visceral fat deposition in organs such as the testes. Excess fat deposition triggers inflammation, dysfunction, and high ROS production that can damage testicular tissue. Yoghurt, a fermented milk product fortified with green tea, is high in antioxidants that can help reduce excess ROS. Adding encapsulated probiotics in yoghurt can stabilize the gut microbiota in obesity so that dysbiosis can be resolved. This study was conducted to determine the potential of green tea-probiotic yoghurt (GTY) on testicular tissue repair in mice fed a high-fat and fructose diet (HFFD). The research procedure includes feeding HFFD for 3 months, calculating the Lee index, lactic acid bacteria preparation, microencapsulated probiotics, yoghurt preparation, treatment, data collection, including relative weight of testes, the diameter of seminiferous tubules (DST), the epithelium thickness (ET), the number of Leydig cells (LC), and the number of spermatogenic cells. The mice groups were divided into normal (P0), HFFD (P1), HFFD + simvastatin 1.3 mg/Kg BW (P2), HFFD + plain yoghurt 5 g/Kg BW (P3), HFFD + GTY 2.5 g/Kg BW (P4), HFFD + GTY 5 g/Kg BW (P5), and HFFD + GTY 10 g/Kg BW (P6). The results showed that green tea infusion yoghurt with encapsulated probiotics could improve the structure of testicular tissue in mice after HFFD administration. The most effective dose is green tea yoghurt 5 g/Kg BW.
Optimization and Evaluation of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Leaf Essential Oil Gel using Carbopol and Triethanolamine Marbun, Sertika Handayani; Maimum, Maimum; Maharini, Indri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

The essential oil of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has antioxidant activity and can be used as an active compound in sunscreen preparations. The index used to describe the effectiveness of sunscreen products is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Patchouli oil has never been developed as a sunscreen in gel dosage form. The exploration of patchouli oil is more about testing antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This research aims to optimize the formula and test the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of essential oil of Pogostemon cablin gel preparations. Formula optimization using Simplex Lattice Design 13 contained in Design Expert software. The variables optimized in this study were carbopol and triethanolamine concentrations. The responses used in the optimization process are pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. The optimum formula was evaluated by evaluating the preparation, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesive power, spreadability, stability, and SPF value test using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained from a combination of 0.5% carbopol and 0.7% triethanolamine. The optimum formula gel preparation has a yellow appearance and smell typical of patchouli oil, homogeneous, the pH of the preparation is 6.29 ± 0.08, the viscosity of the preparation is 44086.67 ± 1510.69, the adhesive power is 7.62 ± 0.68, the spreadability of 5.42 ± 0.08, stable. The optimum formula gel preparation has an ultra-protection SPF value of 28.87 ± 0.27.
Chemometric Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis) from Various Regions in Central Java Yumni, Gharsina Ghaisani; Rini Primitasari; Novi Nur Afifah; Sumantri, Sumantri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) contain chemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which have antioxidant activity. The planting location causes differences in the composition of active compounds, causing their biological activity to change. This research aimed to determine the highest antioxidant activity, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin content of 96% ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves from 6 sub-districts in Central Java and to group them using the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) chemometric methods. Breadfruit leaves were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method using vitamin C as a comparison. Total flavonoid levels were determined using an AlCl3 reagent. Determination of total phenolic and tannin content levels using Folin-Ciocalteu. Then, chemometric analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results showed that 96% ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves has the highest IC50, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin levels, respectively, namely 82.79 ± 0.20 µg/ml; 9,96 ± 0,17 mgQE/g; 603.75 ± 2.6; 123.66 ± 0.76 which came from the Tengaran area. The samples were divided into three groups using PCA and CA methods based on the variables used. The first group was Gajahmungkur, Mranggen, and Pamotan. The second group was Gunungpati and Bandungan. The third group was Tengaran.
Optimization, Characterization, and Primary Irritation Test of Serum Based on Simplex Lattice Design Widyaningrum, Naniek; Arief, Thendi Abdul; Ningrum, Yuyun Darma Ayu
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Using ingredients in cosmetic serum formulation necessitates meticulous consideration to mitigate potential pharmaceutical and clinical issues, and guarantee their safety for application. Xanthan gum functions as a gelling agent, while sodium metabisulfite is an additional antioxidant capable of enhancing formulation viscosity. This research aimed to ascertain the optimal formula's physical characteristics, stability, and irritation potential. The optimal formula was derived through the utilization of the Simple Lattice Design. Physical characterization encompassed parameters such as pH, viscosity, organoleptic properties, adhesion, spreadability, and homogeneity. Stability testing involved a cycling test performed over 24 hours for six cycles under cold and hot temperatures. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted using the paired t-test. In-vitro primary irritation testing was carried out using rabbits and volunteers. The optimal formula was identified to consist of 0.66% xanthan gum and 0.34% sodium metabisulfite, exhibiting favorable physical quality and meeting the requisite standards. The stability testing results revealed that sig. values <0.05 indicated storage temperature's influence on viscosity enhancement while it did not influence pH with sig. values <0.08. The outcomes of the primary irritation test yielded values of 0, signifying the absence of erythema and edema in both rabbits and volunteers. In conclusion, the optimal formula derived from this study exhibits commendable characteristics, stability, and non-irritating attributes, rendering it safe for application.
Feasibility of Corn Silk Eco-Enzyme as Essence in Sheet Mask with Antioxidant Content Nisa, Zakiya Ayu; Agustin, Eny Widhia; Kusumastuti, Adhi; Achmadi, Taofan Ali
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Air pollution level in Indonesia can cause oxidative stress which can impact the antioxidant defenses of the skin so it can trigger premature aging problems. Skin protection should focus on the application of topical antioxidants which include flavonoids as antioxidants. Furthermore, corn silk containing flavonoids has the potential to be used as a topical preparation in the form of a sheet mask as an antioxidant in preventing premature aging. Corn silk which is processed using the fermentation method becomes an eco-enzyme since it can act as a good catalyst and produce antioxidants. The aim of this research is to analyze the feasibility of eco-enzyme as an essence in sheet mask preparations with antioxidant content which meets the preparation evaluation requirements. The method used in this research consisted of making corn silk eco-enzyme which was homogenized with other chemicals to become an essence sheet mask and packaged by using paper sheets in foil bags. The research results show that preparations with eco-enzyme concentrations in each formula, namely 10% (F1), 20% (F2), and 30% (F3), have good physical evaluations and met test standards which included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, and stability tests. Moreover, the antioxidant activity test shows the IC50 values for each formula are 190.67 µg/mL, 185 µg/mL, and 96.75 µg/mL, respectively. The conclusion is that the F3 with a concentration of 30%, shows the best antioxidant activity, having an IC50 value of 96.75 µg/mL, which is classified as strong. In addition, the results of this research prove that the eco-enzyme from corn silk is suitable for use in preparing essence sheet masks with antioxidant content.
Potential of Snakehead Fish and Sea Cucumber Extracts on Increase Anticancer Drugs Potency through Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase Suhendi, Andi; Putri, Ega Annisa; Tasysaningtyas, Thalia Fiandra; Abdillah, Safira Mafaza; Aisy, Inandrohatul; Utami, Wahyu
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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In certain conditions of cancer, isoenzymes of glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) showed increased activity. Consequently, anticancer drugs would be inactive due to increase of phase II metabolism through conjugation with glutathione. In order to increase the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs, a GST inhibitor is required. One of the natural sources have antioxidant activity is snakehead fish. The study aims to determine GST inhibition activity of the combination of extract of snakehead fish (SF) and sea cucumber (SC). This activity was determined using rat liver and lung microsomal-cytosolic fractions obtained through the Lundgren method. GST activity was measured spectrophotometrically using a simple kinetic program at a wavelength of 345 nm with a DCNB (1.2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene) as a substrate. The results showed an increase in the percentage of inhibition GST enzymes of the liver and lungs of rats by extracts and their combinations. The data of IC50 values showed that the smallest value for liver GST was found in SC with the value of 117.7 µg/mL and for lung GST enzymes, it was a combination of SC-SF (1:2) with a value of 45.6 µg/mL. This showed that these two samples had the greatest activity in inhibiting lung and liver GST enzymes and the potential as a complementary therapy for cancer patients.
Antibacterial Potential of Cinnamomum culilaban Bark Ethanolic Extract Prepared by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction against Oral Pathogens Kurniatri, Arifayu Addiena; Elya, Berna; Suryadi, Herman
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Cinnamomum culilaban is one of the native Indonesian plants that has been used as medicinal plant. The local community on Seram Island uses the stem bark to treat toothaches. Eugenol, a chemical compound found in Cinnamomum culilaban, is used in dental practice and has antibacterial activity. Research on Cinnamomum culilaban is very limited, its activity against bacteria that cause oral infections has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum culilaban bark extract against oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptpcoccus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The extraction was carried out using 96% ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Disc diffusion assay was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity. The concentration of extract used were 50%, 25%, and 12.5% (b/v) in DMSO. Eugenol (50% v/v in DMSO) was used as positive control. The phytochemicals screening was carried out to investigate the chemical compounds contained in Cinnamomum culilaban bark extract. Extraction of Cinnamomum culilaban bark using 96% ethanol with the ultrasound-assisted extraction method obtained a yield of 23.36±0.49%. The extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and steroids/terpenoids. The ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum culilaban bark has inhibitory activity against Streptpcoccus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Cinnamomum culilaban bark has the potential as an antibacterial agent.
Immunostimulant Effects of Bitter Leaves (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Del.) Sch.Bip.ex Walp.) Leaf Extract Setiani, Lusi Agus; Wiendarlina, Ike Yulia; Rizkyani, Nanda Asyura; Fazri, Syifa Ainun
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
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In Indonesia, the widespread impact of COVID-19 has led to an increased interest in exploring natural immunostimulants as complementary therapies. One promising candidate is Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, commonly known as bitter leaf. Bitter leaf is a medicinal plant that can be used as an immunostimulant because it contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of Bitter leaf extract obtained using the MAE method, particularly in enhancing immune function and the effective dosage in rats. The ethanolic extract of bitter leaf was made using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, which can potentially extract high levels of flavonoid compounds compared to other extraction methods in vivo. There were as many as 25 rats, which were divided into five treatment groups: the negative control was treated with CMC Na 0,5% (w/v); the positive control was treated with 4,5 mg/200 g body weight (BW) of Echinacea purpurea. The treatment groups from Dose 1; Dose 2; and Dose 3 were treated with an ethanol extract of bitter leaf at 14 mg/200 g BW, 28 mg/200 g BW, and 56 mg/200 g BW. Immunostimulant effect testing was carried out using the carbon clearance method, and the number of leukocytes was counted. In carbon clearance testing, each group was given a carbon solution intravenously; blood was taken at 5, 10, and 15 minutes via the tail vein, and its absorbance was measured using UV-Vis 675 nm. The count of leukocytes was observed using the chamber of a hemocytometer through a microscope. The research results showed that administration of doses I, II, and III provided an immunostimulant effect. Based on the results, the ethanolic extract from a bitter leaf from Dose III (56 mg/200 g BW) provided a stronger immunostimulant effect in rats based on the phagocytosis index parameters of (9.005) and the number of leukocytes of (8,370/µL).

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