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Nanang Yunarto
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan
ISSN : 2085675X     EISSN : 23548770     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Traditional Medicines, and Pharmaceutical Care.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 257 Documents
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Cytotoxic Activity of Eugenia polyantha Wight Young Leaves Purification Extract and Fraction on T47D Hidayati, Devi Nisa; Safitri, Erika Indah; Yumni, Gharsina Ghaisani; Salsabiila, Iqna; Rahayu, Putri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6607

Abstract

Breast cancer is a cancer that ranks the highest incidence in Indonesia. One of the plants that can be used for this treatment is a bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight). Purification techniques can optimize the extraction of flavonoid compounds to create larger concentrations of these substances. Old bay leaves' ethyl acetate fraction has lethal effects on T47D cancer cells. In this work, the amounts of flavonoids and the cytotoxic activity of young bay leaves' pure extract and ethyl acetate fraction against T47D cells are to be determined. By using the maceration process, two phases of methanol extraction from young bay leaves were produced. In the first stage, ethyl acetate was used to partially purify the material, and in the second stage, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Cytotoxic tests of purified extract and ethyl acetate fraction of young bay leaves were carried out at 200; 350; 500; 750; and 1000 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity test using the MTT assay method. IC50 value analysis using linear regression. Determination of total flavonoid content using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer with a comparator compound, quercetin. The results showed that the purified extract of young bay leaves and the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of young bay leaves had cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 570.57 ± 30.72 µg/mL and  588.45 ± 6.90 µg/mL, respectively. Total flavonoid levels were 9.80 ± 0.05 mgQE/g and 5.99 ± 0.06 mgQE/g.The purified extract and ethyl acetate fraction on young bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha Wight) had cytotoxic activity on T47D cells and the highest levels of flavonoids in the purified extract.
Analysis of Length of Stay (LOS) of Diabetes Mellitus Patients with COVID-19 Confirmed at One of Bantul Private Hospitals Masfiyah, Lukluul; Estiningsih, Daru; Astuti, Witri Susila; Hadi, Ninisita Sri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6608

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health problems affecting millions of people in the world. Based on data from the Indonesian COVID-19 Handling Task Force, as of May 2021, it is known that the prevalence of DM as a comorbid COVID-19 is 33.6%. The variety of clinical conditions that accompany DM cases makes the complexity of patient care increase, which results in variations in patient LOS as one of the quality indicators to support better management and to improve the quality of service for DM patients confirmed with COVID-19 and not confirmed COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is a difference in the Length of Stay (LOS) of DM patients confirmed with COVID-19 and not confirmed with COVID-19 with the type of observational analytic cross-sectional design. Result Research shows that based on the Mann-Whitney test used to determine the difference in length of stay between DM patients confirmed with COVID-19 and not confirmed COVID-19, they get significant results, namely p-value = 0.000 (p<0.050). It can be concluded that there is a difference between the Length Of Stay (LOS) of Diabetes Miletus patients confirmed with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus patients who are not confirmed with COVID-19.
Antioxidant and Inhibition Lipase Enzyme Activity of Centella asiatica Leaf Extract Yunarto, Nanang; Mawadatun, Ummi; Reswandaru, Uud Nourma; Sopian, Ahmad; Isnawati, Ani; Alegantina, Sukmayati
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6609

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia and many other metabolic diseases are related to oxidative stress. Centella asiatica is a herbal medicine with reported antioxidant effect in vitro. Centella asiatica contains secondary metabolites asiaticoside which are included in the terpenoid group. The study evaluated the respective antioxidant potential and lipase enzyme inhibition of Centella asiatica leaves extract (CAE). Centella asiatica were extracted in ethanol, and the extract was assayed for the measurement of asiaticoside. Ethanolic extracts of asiaticoside content were prepared for HPLC analysis The antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl as well as reducing. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect was evaluated in vitro lipase inhibitory activity test carried out enzymatically using the ELISA method with simvastatin as a comparison. The results showed asiaticoside contain in CAE 1.26%; the IC50 value of the antioxidant test of CAE was 11.38 g/mL; the IC50 value of the lipase enzyme in the CAE was 26.14 g/mL. The antioxidant activity of CAE is categorized as very strong and has the potential to inhibit lipase enzymes. The study suggests that CAE has the potential to inhibit lipase activity, suppressing lipid digestion and thereby diminishing entry of lipids into the body.  
The Effect of Temperature on Formaldehyde Migration and the Validation of Analytical Methods Used in Herbal Plastic Packaging Nisma, Fatimah; Riyanti, Hurip Budi; Julanda, Delta
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/jki.v13i2.6611

Abstract

Plastic as food packaging has been the subject of extensive research, but plastic as packaging for herbs does not yet exist. As an additive, plastic made from the monomer and urea-formaldehyde is utilized. At elevated temperatures, formaldehyde can decompose due to the degradation of the monomer, followed by oxidation and the severing of the carbon chain. Formaldehyde can migrate to the bundled material, which is hazardous to human health. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of temperature on the migration of formaldehyde from plastic used to wrap herbs. The sample is a plastic bag used to wrap herbs, and NIR (Near Infrared) is used to determine the variety of plastic. Formaldehyde migration was determined by heating the sample between 40 and 80 degrees Celsius, and formaldehyde was analyzed using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method with Nash reagent. The absorbance of formaldehyde was measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 412 nm. The type of plastic obtained was PP (Poly Propylene). The equation for the formaldehyde calibration curve is y = 0.0197x + 0.1218 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The migration of formaldehyde was measured after heating plastic to temperatures between 40 and 80 degrees Celsius. The released formaldehyde concentrations ranged from 7.35 to 13.47 µg/mL. Validation of the analytical method revealed the formaldehyde detection limit (LOD) to be 0.8024 µg/mL and the quantity limit (LOQ) to be 2.6745 µg/mL, with a precision of 1 and an accuracy of 97,462-113,851%, thereby satisfying the meticulous, exhaustive, and precise criteria.
Formulation of Lerak Liquid Extract (Sapindus rarak DC.) as a Biosurfactant for Facial Soap Ariawa, Dewi Cahayani; Suradnyana, I Gede Made; Suena, Ni Made Dharma Shantini
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium lauryl ester sulfate (SLES) are components that consumers avoid because they cause skin irritation due to the residue left behind. Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) is a natural product with potential as a biosurfactant with a saponin content of 28%. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of Lerak extract facial liquid soap with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and its physical quality compared to soap products containing SLS and SLES, as well as to determine the panelist's acceptance of the Lerak facial soap through a hedonic test. The extract was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted maceration. The facial soap was made into four 100 ml size formulas with extract percentages of 5% (F1), 15% (F2), 25% (F3), and 35% (F4). Aspects studied included organoleptic, pH, specific gravity, foam stability, and total plate number (TPN), compared with SNI provisions. The hedonic test was conducted on 30 panelists aged 19-35. The results showed that the Lerak extract facial liquid soap met the physical quality standards set out in SNI. There are several differences in pH, specific gravity, and foam stability compared to the comparison soap product. Formula F1 gets the best score for color parameters, and F3 gets the best score for shape, smell, and usability parameters. Lerak fruit has the potential to be developed as a cleaning cosmetic product that is safe for the skin and environmentally friendly.
Formulation of Nutraceutical Dosage Form Cempedak Leaves (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr) Cereal as Immunity Booster for Children Esadini, Aya Rana; Aulia, Gina; Fu’adah, Intan Tsamrotul
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Cempedak (Artacorpus integer (Thunb.) Merr) is a plant whose fruit is commonly consumed by the public. However, the leaves are still not widely used and have been reported to have various benefits as efficacious herbal medicines. This is due to its phenolic compounds which play a role in counteracting free radicals and indirectly positively impact the body's immunity. This study aims to formulate cempedak leaf cereal as a new nutraceutical for children. The stages carried out include making extracts, cereal formulations, and evaluating the characteristics of cempedak leaves cereal including organoleptic, specific gravity, compressibility index, flow rate, granule repose angle, moisture content, reconstitution time, organoleptic and pH tests after reconstitution, sedimentation volume, and physical stability test. The formulations were three variations, namely F1 (containing 1% extract), F2 (containing 3% extract), and F3 (containing 5% extract) in the form of granules using wet granulation methods. The formulation and evaluation results of the three formulations are not much different from one another. However, based on the results of the compressibility index, F2 met the good standard criteria, namely 9.23%. The aroma and taste of the formulation are the same as commercial cereals, so we are sure that children will like them. In addition, the results of phytochemical tests also showed that the secondary metabolites contained in cempedak leaf extract could act as immune boosters. The three formulations also showed good stability for 30 days. Based on the results, our formulation met the criteria as nutraceuticals.
Gambier for Diabetes: Comparison of the Antidiabetic Potency between Two Types of Extracts from Uncaria gambir (W. Hunter) Roxb. Fajarwati, Indah; Solihin, Dedy Duryadi; Wresdiyati, Tutik
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Gambier is a dry extract obtained from both the leaves and twigs of the Uncaria gambir. It is an agricultural product produced by the local community through traditionally unique methods. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potency of gambier. The study used two types of gambier, namely traditional aqueous gambier (TAG) from traditional extraction and maceration ethanol gambier (MEG) from maceration extraction. The phytochemical compound, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Moreover, in vivo hypoglycemia activity study was carried out. The results showed that both TAG and MEG contained flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids, while saponins were detected in TAG and steroids in MEG only. Both TAG and MEG also contained quercetin and catechin which were higher in the TAG compared to the MEG. The DPPH scavenging activities of the TAG and MEG, measured in IC50 values, were 15.40 ± 0.21 μg/ml and 12.25 ± 0.04 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 values of the alpha-glucosidase inhibition of TAG and MEG were 35.84 ± 1.75 μg/ml and 83.14 ± 1.26 μg/ml, respectively. The best hypoglycemic activity was observed in the TAG group. The group given TAG and high glucose had lower blood glucose (127 mg/dl) compared to the group only given high glucose (178 mg/dl). These results indicated that TAG had a better potential for antidiabetic activities compared to MEG, and it can be proposed for further investigations as a potential antidiabetic agent.
Characteristics of Collagen-based Milkfish Bone Waste Extracted with Bromelain with Cofactor Ca2+ Nasyanka, Anindi Lupita; Na’imah, Janatun; Firmani, Ummul; Octavia, Putri; Azizah, Viaristi Amelina
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Indonesian imports of gelatin and collagen raw materials totaled 4808 tons. Gresik is one of the producers of milkfish in East Java, with 87116 tons expected in 2022. Even though it contains type 1 collagen, milkfish bone waste that is not used at the center for making milkfish brains is an environmental hazard. Given this possibility, this study aimed to determine the qualitative characteristics of collagen extract from milkfish bone debris (Chanos chanos) with and without the addition of Ca2+ of varying quantities. The extraction method employs the enzyme bromelain 2% and cofactor metal ion Ca2+ (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%), which has previously been pre-treated in the form of defatting and deproteination, before determining physical and chemical properties. The results showed that using bromelain enzyme with Ca2+ boosted collagen yield. Adding 0.5% Ca2+ resulted in the highest yield, 7.58±1.88%. All collagen produced contains functional groups recognized in FTIR as type 1 collagen constituents (presence of amide A, amide B, amide I-III). The melting point of the collagen generated is between 144 and 157 °C. The SEM profile of collagen was porous sheets in all treatments. Except for the ash content, the chemical properties of collagen generated by adding the Ca2+ (pH 7.49-8.09; water content 7.75-8.15; ash content 6.56-7.78) fulfill SNI and BSP standards. Meanwhile, collagen synthesized without the inclusion of cofactors only meets the water content standards (pH 7.49-8.09; water content 7.75-8.15; ash content 6.56-7.78). The demineralization stage is required to produce milkfish bone debris before extraction to achieve these requirements.
Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptosis by Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn in 4T1 Cell Line Hidayati, Devi Nisa; Safitri, Erika Indah; Surayya, Anis; Alviani, Dwi Lutvi; Putri, Masita Nur Amalia
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Waru leaves are proven to have cytotoxic activity. The activity of waru leaves needs to be developed in a molecular direction to see its apoptotic activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of methanol extract (EWL) and ethyl acetate fraction fraction (EAFWL) of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn as well as the induction of apoptosis in 4T1 cells. The methanol extract of hibiscus leaves was obtained by the maceration method, followed by a fractionation process with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. Cytotoxic test of EWL was carried out at a concentration of 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250; 500 and 1000 μg/mL while EAFWL was at a concentration of 100; 200; 400; 600 and 100 μg/mL, using MTT assay. Analysis of IC50 values using linear regression. The apoptosis induction test at IC50 and ½ IC50 concentrations using flowcytometry. Data on the percentage of apoptosis were analyzed using One Way Anova statistical analysis. The results were EWL and EAFWL cytotoxic tests against 4T1 had IC50 values of 649 μg/mL and 746 μg/mL. EWL obtained a percentage of total apoptosis at a concentration of 324.5 μg/mL of 48.76%; 649 μg/mL was 67.06% and control cells were 36.16%. EAFWL percentage of total apoptosis at a concentration of 746 μg/mL of 30.8%; 373 μg/mL was 42.13% and control cells were 9.6%. So EWL and EAFWL can induce apoptosis of 4T1 cells.
The Effect of Different Solvents on the Content of Black Cumin Seed Extract (Nigella sativa) Hariutami, Desi; Darmawati, Sri; Permana, Atna; Zuraida, Zuraida
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), also called "black cumin," are an herbal plant from the Ranunculaceae family. The objective of this study was to determine the yield of black cumin seed extract using 96% ethanol, N-hexane, and ethyl acetate as solvents, as well as to determine the results of phytochemical screening tests and the active ingredient content using GCMS. The stages of the research included the extraction process, phytochemical screening test, and GCMS. The study's findings on the yield of black cumin seed extract using the three solvents showed that the solvent N-Hexane produced the highest yield, at 28.09 percent. Based on phytochemical screening tests, black cumin seeds were positive for containing secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, phenolic flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and glycoxides. Other potential compounds vizhexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Methyl (8e,11e)-8,11- octadecadienoate, 12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, Grape seed oil.

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