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Nanang Yunarto
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan
ISSN : 2085675X     EISSN : 23548770     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Traditional Medicines, and Pharmaceutical Care.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 257 Documents
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Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Prescribing According to Beers Criteria among Elderly Outpatients at Pasar Minggu Hospital, Jakarta Pebriani, Mala; Sumarny, Ros; Arozal, Wawaimuli; Eviarini, Prawitasari; Ismaya, Nurwulan Adi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Elderly patients generally have physiological changes that cause multipathological conditions, so they require several drugs to treat these conditions, it is necessary to evaluate the use of drugs to optimize the treatment of geriatric patients. Beers Criteria 2019 is a criteria that is commonly used to present Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). This study aimed to examine the inaccuracy of prescription drugs in the elderly using Beer's criteria 2019. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The Beer's 2019 criteria classify PIM into five categories. Data were taken retrospectively as many as 847 prescriptions met the inclusion criteria at the Pasar Minggu Hospital Outpatient Polyclinic. Data were analysed by Univariate and Bivariate. The results showed that from 847 prescriptions for geriatric patients, there are 160 prescriptions for geriatric patients who experienced PIM (18.89%). Percentage of PIM incidents by category; namely, category 1 was 29.17%, category 2 was 6.77%, category 3 was 44.79%, category 4 was 16.67%, and category 5 was 2.60%. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the number of drugs and Heart Failure and CAD with the incidence of PIM with a p value of 0.000 and 0.035. DM and Heart Failure are 2 diseases that significantly influence the incidence of PIM. This study concludes that the elderly are at risk for receiving potentially inappropriate medications.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus Patients with COVID-19 Confirmed Diabetes Mellitus Patients at One of the Hospital Bantul Nadliroh, Lubabun; Estiningsih, Daru; Sarwadhamana, Raden Jaka; Ninisita Sri Hadi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with comorbid DM are very likely to experience a significant reduction in glycemic control and eventually require adjustment of antidiabetic treatment to optimize clinical outcomes. The results of data collected by the COVID-19 Handling Task Force, the total number of cases in Indonesia that were confirmed positive for COVID-19 had comorbidities, one of which was Diabetes Mellitus 33.6%. This study aimed to determine whether or not there were differences in clinical outcomes of DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 and DM without confirmed COVID-19 at One of Hospital Bantul. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. Secondary data in the form of medical records. Sampling was carried out using a simple random sampling method with the Lemeshow formula. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test in bivariate analysis. The results showed that the clinical outcome of type 2 DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 was the GDS target value (38.9%) and the GDS target value (61.1%). The clinical outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have confirmed COVID-19 was that the GDS target value (55.6%) was achieved and the GDS target value was not reached (44.4%). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in clinical outcome p=0.046 between DM type 2 confirmed COVID-19 and DM type 2 not confirmed COVID-19. It can be concluded that DM patients with confirmed COVID-19 have different clinical outcomes than DM patients without confirmed COVID-19.
Mother’s Knowledge of Expiration Dates, Beyond-Use Date (BUD), and Storage Conditions for Compounding and Non-Compounding Drugs Isnenia; Siti Julaiha
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Patients can obtain various pharmaceutical dosage forms, both compounded and non-compounded. The expired date is no longer a benchmark when the patient or pharmacist opens the primary packaging in preparation but uses the Beyond-Used Date (BUD). Beyond-used date (BUD) has a shorter time than the expiration date. Storage conditions in the household play an important role in the quality of the drug and its feasibility for consumption. This study aimed to compare knowledge about the expired date, BUD, and drug condition storage in two groups, compounding and non-compounding. This research was quantitative, with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was the mothers of pediatric patients who received outpatient treatment at one of the primary health centers. The sampling technique was carried out purposively. Data were collected through interviews in September-October 2021. The results of this study show that the respondents are predominantly in the range of 26-45 years, senior high school education, status as housewives, and insurance. The level of knowledge of both the non-compounding groups in the three aspects is greater than that of the compounding group. There is a significant difference in the compound and non-compounding groups in the knowledge of expired date (p=0.000) and BUD (p=0.000). There is no significant difference in knowledge of storage conditions (0.347). This study concludes that there is a significant difference in knowledge between the two groups in expired date and BUD, where the compounding group has greater good knowledge.
In vivo Study of Uric Acid Inhibitory of Catechin from Gambir [Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb] in Male Rats Yunarto, Nanang; Ismaya, Nurwulan Adi; Reswandaru, Uud Nourma; Hermiyanti, Evika; Gumilang, Nabila Cahya; Salina, Fitri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood. In silico studies of catechin compounds using molecular docking were able to inhibit the activity of the xanthin oxidase enzyme so that it could reduce uric acid levels. One of the native Indonesian plants that contains catechin is gambier (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb). This research aims to obtain the efficacy and safety of gambier leaf catechins in reducing uric acid levels. In vivo efficacy testing at doses of 20, 40, and 40 mg/Kg BW with allopurinol as a comparison and the safety of gambier leaf catechin in hyperuricemic male mice through macroscopic and microscopic examination of the liver and kidney organs. The results of research on determining catechin levels using HPTLC obtained levels of 96.06%. Gambier leaf catechin at doses of 20, 40, and 40 mg/Kg BW was able to reduce uric acid levels in the blood serum of mice. The higher the dose of catechin, the better the anti-hyperuricemia effect. In the results of the safety parameters, gambier leaf catechins, there were no specific abnormalities in the liver and kidneys of mice both macroscopically and microscopically. Based on research, it can be concluded that gambier leaf catechin has great potential as an anti-hyperuricemia drug and has good safety if consumed for a long time.
Cytotoxic Effect, Antibacterial Activity, and in Silico Evaluation of Berberine Compound from Methanolic Extract of Arcangelisia flava Merr Stems Sami, Fitriyanti Jumaetri; Nur, Syamsu
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, FEBRUARY 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

The Menispermaceae family has 72 genera and more than 400 species, geographically distributed in Asia, Africa, America, and Oceania. The plants of this family are known to have high alkaloid content. One genus of this family is Arcangelisia, with only one species known as Arcangelisia flava Merr. This plant is used as traditional medicine for ailments such as diarrhea, jaundice, and malaria. Therefore, this study was to isolate the alkaloid compounds and test the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as their toxicity to the shrimp larvae. The isolated compound was confirmed for in silico activity against the target proteins 1UAG (E. coli) and 7RM7 (S. aureus). Based on the analysis of spectroscopic data, UV VIS, FT IR, and NMR, one alkaloid compound was successfully isolated and determined to be a berberine compound. Methanol extract and berberine test against Artemia salina shrimp larvae exhibit active toxicities with LC50 values of 89.13 µg/mL and 75.86 µg/mL, respectively. Antibacterial test result shows that methanol extract and berberine are more active against E. coli than S. aureus. The in-silico activity of the berberine compound supports the result of in vitro antibacterial evaluation. A. flava plant extract has biological capabilities as an anti-microbial and cytotoxic effect, so further development can be carried out in utilizing A. flava plant extract as an effective natural medicine candidate.
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Isolate of The Endophytic Fungi of Shallot Tubers (Allium cepa L.) Against Pathogen Bacteria Octaviani, Melzi; Jannah, Miftahul; Wulandari, Rizki; Utami, Rahayu; Fadhli, Haiyul
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Shallots (Allium cepa L.) are widely known by the public as a kitchen spice and traditional medicine. Shallots have antibacterial activity. Compounds that have antibacterial properties can be obtained by isolating endophytic microbes. Endophytic microbes are microbes that live in plant tissue, are able to form colonies in plant tissue without having detrimental effects on the host, and can produce secondary metabolites like the host. Phytochemical screening of shallot tubers showed that they contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. This research aims to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from shallot tubers and determine the antibacterial activity of these endophytic fungal isolates. Endophytic fungi were isolated using the direct planting method, and then pure isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the agar diffusion method against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella dysenteriae. There were 4 isolates of endophytic fungi produced during the isolation process, namely FEAC-U1 (Aspergillus), FEAC-U2 (Penicillium), FEAC-U3 (Trichophyton), and FEAC-U4 (Rhizopus). FEAC-U1 isolate showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella dysenteriae. FEAC-U2 isolate showed the highest activity against Salmonella typhi. FEAC-U3 isolate showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results of antibacterial activity testing on four isolates of shallot tuber endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of the test bacteria.
Effectiveness of an Organic Mask of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) for Facial Care Agusriani, Agusriani; Hamilatussa'diyah, Hamilatussa'diyah; Azizah, Lailan; Fitrianingsih, Fitrianingsih
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Facial masks are cosmetic products for topical use on facial skin. Using organic components from nature can prevent irritation and skin pigment damage due to the side effects of harmful chemicals in cosmetic products in the global market. This study aims to develop a combination organic mask formulation from Moringa leaves and turmeric and test its effectiveness. This experimental study, which had a one-shot case study design, was conducted at the Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory and Phytochemical Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Jambi. The formulation consisted of Moringa leaf powder and turmeric with formulas F1 (40%, 30%), F2 (50%, 25%) and F3 (60%, 20%). Further data analysis used the paired t-test. The evaluation consists of phytochemical screening, characteristic tests of the organic mask (organoleptic, pH, drying time, and homogeneity), stability tests (organoleptic, fungal growth), effectiveness tests of mask preparations (skin moisture), and antioxidant activity tests. Based on the results, formula 3 showed the best results as an organic mask preparation with moisture test results of 58.87 ± 6.24 (mean ± SD), p <0.001. The antioxidant activity results showed IC50 values of each formula were F1 (73.43 µg/ml), F2 (56.33 µg/ml), and F3 (182.11 µg/ml). This study recommends that Moringa leaves and turmeric have potential and effectiveness as antioxidant compounds that can be developed as organic mask preparations.
Probiotic-Green Tea Yoghurt on Improving Testicular Histology of High-fat and Fructose Diet Mice Izati, Rahmi; Al Faizah, Belinda Nabiila; Fadlilah, Dawama Nur; Kavitarna, Septhyanti Aprilia; Sa'adah, Nur Alfi Maghfirotus; Ardiansyah, Esha; Atho'illah, Mochammad Fitri; Arifah, Siti Nur; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Rahayu, Sri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

An unhealthy lifestyle can cause changes in the body's metabolism, leading to obesity. The development of obesity is supported by a disturbance in gut microbiota balance that triggers visceral fat deposition in organs such as the testes. Excess fat deposition triggers inflammation, dysfunction, and high ROS production that can damage testicular tissue. Yoghurt, a fermented milk product fortified with green tea, is high in antioxidants that can help reduce excess ROS. Adding encapsulated probiotics in yoghurt can stabilize the gut microbiota in obesity so that dysbiosis can be resolved. This study was conducted to determine the potential of green tea-probiotic yoghurt (GTY) on testicular tissue repair in mice fed a high-fat and fructose diet (HFFD). The research procedure includes feeding HFFD for 3 months, calculating the Lee index, lactic acid bacteria preparation, microencapsulated probiotics, yoghurt preparation, treatment, data collection, including relative weight of testes, the diameter of seminiferous tubules (DST), the epithelium thickness (ET), the number of Leydig cells (LC), and the number of spermatogenic cells. The mice groups were divided into normal (P0), HFFD (P1), HFFD + simvastatin 1.3 mg/Kg BW (P2), HFFD + plain yoghurt 5 g/Kg BW (P3), HFFD + GTY 2.5 g/Kg BW (P4), HFFD + GTY 5 g/Kg BW (P5), and HFFD + GTY 10 g/Kg BW (P6). The results showed that green tea infusion yoghurt with encapsulated probiotics could improve the structure of testicular tissue in mice after HFFD administration. The most effective dose is green tea yoghurt 5 g/Kg BW.
Optimization and Evaluation of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Leaf Essential Oil Gel using Carbopol and Triethanolamine Marbun, Sertika Handayani; Maimum, Maimum; Maharini, Indri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
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Abstract

The essential oil of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has antioxidant activity and can be used as an active compound in sunscreen preparations. The index used to describe the effectiveness of sunscreen products is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Patchouli oil has never been developed as a sunscreen in gel dosage form. The exploration of patchouli oil is more about testing antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This research aims to optimize the formula and test the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of essential oil of Pogostemon cablin gel preparations. Formula optimization using Simplex Lattice Design 13 contained in Design Expert software. The variables optimized in this study were carbopol and triethanolamine concentrations. The responses used in the optimization process are pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. The optimum formula was evaluated by evaluating the preparation, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesive power, spreadability, stability, and SPF value test using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the optimum formula composition was obtained from a combination of 0.5% carbopol and 0.7% triethanolamine. The optimum formula gel preparation has a yellow appearance and smell typical of patchouli oil, homogeneous, the pH of the preparation is 6.29 ± 0.08, the viscosity of the preparation is 44086.67 ± 1510.69, the adhesive power is 7.62 ± 0.68, the spreadability of 5.42 ± 0.08, stable. The optimum formula gel preparation has an ultra-protection SPF value of 28.87 ± 0.27.
Chemometric Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis) from Various Regions in Central Java Yumni, Gharsina Ghaisani; Rini Primitasari; Novi Nur Afifah; Sumantri, Sumantri
Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan

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Abstract

Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) contain chemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which have antioxidant activity. The planting location causes differences in the composition of active compounds, causing their biological activity to change. This research aimed to determine the highest antioxidant activity, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin content of 96% ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves from 6 sub-districts in Central Java and to group them using the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) chemometric methods. Breadfruit leaves were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method using vitamin C as a comparison. Total flavonoid levels were determined using an AlCl3 reagent. Determination of total phenolic and tannin content levels using Folin-Ciocalteu. Then, chemometric analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). The results showed that 96% ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves has the highest IC50, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin levels, respectively, namely 82.79 ± 0.20 µg/ml; 9,96 ± 0,17 mgQE/g; 603.75 ± 2.6; 123.66 ± 0.76 which came from the Tengaran area. The samples were divided into three groups using PCA and CA methods based on the variables used. The first group was Gajahmungkur, Mranggen, and Pamotan. The second group was Gunungpati and Bandungan. The third group was Tengaran.

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