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Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya
Published by Universitas Insan Budi Utomo
ISSN : 26571803     EISSN : 26571803     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33503/paradigma
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya is a reputable scientific journal that has been recognized by SINTA with a ranking of 5. Published two times a year (January-June and July-December), the journal accommodates a variety of scientific articles that explore contemporary issues in philosophy, science, technology, and socio-culture. With its broad scope, Paradigma has become an important reference for researchers, academics, and practitioners interested in the intersections of various disciplines. Equipped with PISSN: 08523185 and EISSN: 2657-1803, the journal ensures the quality and accessibility of its publications. Paradigma accepts articles in the form of original research, literature reviews, and critical essays that fall within interdisciplinary scope: philosophy, science, technology, socio-culture.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 322 Documents
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Balancing Sovereignty and Protection: Rekonsiliasi Kebijakan Control Host State tentang Hilirisasi Sumber Daya Alam Dengan Pengutamaan Prinsip Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) Thareq Hafiz Hidayat
Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya
Publisher : Universitas Insan Budi Utomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33503/paradigma.v32i1.3398

Abstract

The natural resource downstreaming policy implemented by the Government of Indonesia through restrictions on raw material exports and domestic processing requirements is a clear manifestation of the Host State Control doctrine and the state's inherent right to regulate its natural wealth. However, within the realm of international investment law, the implementation of such restrictive policies often clashes sharply with the absolute standard of treatment for foreign investors, specifically the Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) clause. This paper analyzes the compatibility of the downstreaming policy with the FET principle and formulates reconciliatory measures that the government must undertake to mitigate the risk of lawsuits in international arbitration forums (ISDS). Conceptually, the downstreaming policy is deemed consistent with and does not violate the FET principle, provided that its application is conducted in good faith (bona fide), non-discriminatory, and based on legitimate public policy goals for national economic development. Based on international jurisprudence, the FET principle does not guarantee an absolute static regulatory environment (frozen regulatory framework) unless specific written assurances are breached. Nevertheless, the potential for FET violations remains wide open at the technical implementation level if the government acts inconsistently, lacks transparency, or violates the proportionality principle, which could destroy the commercial value of the investor's initial investment. To reconcile state sovereignty and investor protection, the Government of Indonesia needs to adopt strategic reconciliatory measures. These steps include providing an adequate grace period (grandfathering clause), maintaining regulatory consistency across institutions, offering accommodative fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, strengthening multi-tiered dispute resolution mechanisms (cooling-off periods), and reforming the architecture of international investment agreements through new-generation Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) that narrow the scope of the FET clause. Through this "Measured and Responsible Sovereignty" approach, the downstreaming agenda can proceed hand-in-hand with compliance with international law commitments.
Identifikasi dan Penilaian Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Gedung Teknik Kimia Slafudin; Sirotun Nazwa; Steavany Sari Pratiwi; Riny Yolandha Parapat
Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya
Publisher : Universitas Insan Budi Utomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33503/paradigma.v32i1.3399

Abstract

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is an important aspect in creating a safe, healthy, and productive working environment, including in Chemical Engineering buildings that have various potential hazards due to laboratory activities, the use of chemicals, and the operation of laboratory equipment. This study aims to identify potential OHS risks, assess the level of risk, and determine risk control measures in the Chemical Engineering building. The method used was Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), which includes hazard identification, risk assessment based on the likelihood and severity levels, and the implementation of risk control according to the hierarchy of controls. The results showed that several potential hazards identified included chemical exposure, fire hazards, gas leakage, electrical hazards, and work accidents caused by the use of laboratory equipment. The risk levels obtained were categorized as low, medium, and high depending on the type of activity and the working environment conditions. Risk control measures were carried out through hazard elimination, material substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In addition, the implementation of OHS training, safety induction, and periodic evaluations are important steps in improving the safety culture within the Chemical Engineering building environment. With the implementation of a proper OHS system, it is expected that the risk of work accidents can be minimized, thereby creating a safe and comfortable learning and working environment.

Page 33 of 33 | Total Record : 322

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