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Folia Medica Indonesiana The Unit of Journal Consortium and Folia Medica Indonesiana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
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Folia Medica Indonesiana
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23558398     EISSN : 2599056X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65346/2958-4515.2401
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Folia Medica Indonesiana, as indicated by its name, focuses on publishing good quality articles about research and education on health science and medicine in Indonesia. However, due to the fast growth of science and knowledge in these fields, we also welcome submitted articles from around the world, especially the ones that contain related matters from lower-middle income countries. Folia Medica Indonesiana is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is published online at least four times a year. The scope covers various aspects of basic medical sciences includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular medicine) and clinical medicine (covers specialties like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, etc). We highlight the pathology and potential treatment of metabolic syndromes and infectious diseases. Folia Medica Indonesiana also encourages the publication of articles about health education. The scope includes, but is not limited to, articles that emphasize on preventive education on certain diseases in a community, also research report of various materials and/or methods to develop medical education. We recognize the importance of this type of articles to be published alongside the assigned topic in each of our yearly issues, to provide our readers with updated information in medical sciences’ research and education simultaneously.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 571 Documents
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Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of Prostate in Adult: A Rare Case Report Andhika, Dimas Panca; Hardjowijoto, Sunaryo
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 57, No. 2
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the fifth most common type of soft tissue solid tumor in children and the most common in the last two decades. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urogenital organ is a rare mesenchymal tumor, covering 22% of all Rhabdomyosarcoma cases. The two most common histologic types are alveolar and embryonal, whereas botryoid and spindle cells are rarely found. We reported a case of embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. In this study, we improved the understanding of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate on 23 years old male who had a history of swelling in the perineal area and a history of falling from a height in the groin area 5 months before. The patient complains of the difficulty of urinating and hematuria one month after falling. We underwent drainage of the swelling area, found pus 100cc and took a sample for pathological examination. The result was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Prostate volume was 122cc, PSA 5,32 and PSAD 0,04. The CT scan result was solid mass size 15x8x18 cm at perineum enhance to the pelvic cavity, push the bladder to the superior, rectum to posterior, and urethra posterior to the left side. We diagnosed this patient as Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma prostate T2bG1N0M0 (stage 3) group 3 and intermediate-risk group. The patient underwent VAC chemotherapy based on D.9803 (IRS V) protocol and planned radiotherapy, but it stopped at halfway because of profuse bleeding. Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive tumor, especially in adults. However, there was limited evidence and guideline to diagnose and manage the disease.
Screen Time and Dry Eye Disease During Distance Learning among the Class of 2019 Medical Students at a University in Jakarta, Indonesia Bernadette, Karen; Rasyid, Meriana
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 1
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Abstract

Highlights: • There is a correlation between screen time and dry eye disease among medical students due to distance learning during the pandemic. • This study's findings can lead researchers to conduct further studies to investigate and prevent DED. Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED), also known as dry-eye syndrome, is commonly caused by a lack of tears or excessive evaporation. It affects 334 million people worldwide. According to global epidemiological research, the DED prevalence in adults and the elderly is roughly 5-50%. Research has revealed that DED prevalence and epidemiology are more typically connected to aging. However, extended exposure to digital screens is an external DED risk factor to be aware of, especially in this digital technology era and amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. These two situations are expected to increase the number of DED sufferers in the younger age groups, such as elementary, high school, and university students. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled a shift in learning and teaching methods in order for education to proceed. However, the digitization era and the COVID-19 pandemic can double the DED risk, particularly among medical students. This study's objective was to determine how remote learning affected DED prevalence among the class of 2019 medical students at Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia, in the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 144 respondents using a Google Forms questionnaire. According to the statistical test results, there was a 2.4-fold increase in screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between screen time and DED among the class of 2019 medical students at Universitas Tarumanagara. These findings are predicted to be of interest to academics and students, as their frequent engagement with computer displays and smartphones will continue to increase due to technological advancements. Furthermore, researchers may use the findings as a reference in conducting DED-related research.
Microbial pattern and antibiotic sensitivity test of hospitalized children Wiwin, John; Rejeki, IGAA Putri Sri
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 51, No. 3
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Abstract

Infection often occurs in children with malignant hematology and causes morbidity and mortality in the children. Antibiotics given must be based on culture results and antibiotic sensitivity testing. This study was aimed to obtain the microbial pattern and sensitivity test in children hospitalized in the Hemato-Oncology Ward, dr. Soetomo Hospital from September 2012 - February 2013. This was a descriptive study. Data were obtained from the patients' medical records in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. There were 341 culture examinations (blood, urine, rectum swab, faecal, and others) from 88 patients (44 males and 44 females). Most of patients´ age was < 5 years (58%) and suffered from ALL (50%).There were microbial (83 of culture) and yeast (15 of culture) growth out of 98 cultures. Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cefacea, and Klebsiella oxytoca (Gram negative) dan CONS, Stapyloccocus aureus, and Stapylococcus sapropyticus (gram positive) were found in blood culture. S. aureus (gram positive) and E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and B. cefacea (gram negative) were found in urine culture. Only E. coli was found in rectal swab culture. CONS of gram positive cocci were mostly found in blood culture of children hospitalized in Hemato-Oncology Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. E. coli was the mostly found gram negative rods. Gram positive cocci showed a high resistant to penicillin and co-trimoxazole. E. coli, mostly found in rectal swab and urine, has a high sensitivity to amikacin and meropenem, but highly resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin sulbactam.
Clinical and Radiological Study of Patients With Skull Base Fracture After Head Injury Oktavian, Puguh; Romdhoni, Achmad Chusnu; Dewanti, Linda; Fauzi, Asra Al
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 57, No. 3
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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in various parts of the world. Skull base fracture (SBF) is one of the many manifestations that can occur in cases of mild to severe TBI. With varying patterns of TBI, it was necessary to review the characteristics of SBF, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and complications. The data were taken from the medical records of SBF patients who were treated at RSUD (Regional Public Hospital) Dr. Soetomo in the period January 2014 - July 2019. Then, the data obtained were written on the collection sheet and analyzed descriptively using RKward. It was found that SBF most often occurs due to severe TBI (60.14%). 77.7% of SBF patients were male and 35.1% of all patients aged 15-24 years. The most frequent cause was traffic accidents (86.5%). The anterior cranial fossa (ACF) was the most frequently fractured part of the skull base (30.4%). There was a significant relationship between the severity of TBI with the occurrence of CSF leakage and complications. About 33 patients (22.3%) had complications such as pneumocephalus and 9 patients (6.1%) had meningitis. Complications in the form of brain abscess and hydrocephalus in 1 (0.7%) patient each. SBF often occurred in men of productive age 15-24 years. The ACF was the most frequently fractured part. The majority were caused by traffic accidents accompanied by severe brain injuries. The most common complications were pneumocephalus, meningitis, brain abscess, and hydrocephalus.
Correlations Between Staging and Chemotheraphy Response with Testicular Carcinoma Non-Seminoma at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Nugroho, Ahmad; Renaldo, Johan; Djatisoesanto, Wahjoe
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 56, No. 3
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The purpose of this study to describe patientscharacteristics, correlation between stagingnon-seminomacancer and chemotherapyresponse. Data on age, location of tumor, staging, serum levels of the tumor marker post operative, adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy side effects, and response of patient to chemotherapy were gained from medical records inSoetomo Hospital Surabaya from January 2012 to December 2015, and analyzed with SPSS. Correlation between staging and chemotherapyresponse, correlation primary tumor staging (pT) and Metastasis (M), correlation regional lymph nodes staging (N) and metastasis (M), correlation serum tumor marker and chemotherapy response was proccessed by Spearman correlation test. There were no significant correlation between pT staging and M and no significant correlation between N and M staging. Based on tumor markers (S), mostly patients were S2. There were no significant correlation between the response to chemotherapy and serum tumor marker levels. In category of staging group, the mostare 14 patientsstage III. BEP was the most adjuvant Chemotherapy.Nausea and vomiting were The most complained during chemotherapy. Anemia were the most hematologic side effects of chemotherapy.There are no significant correlation between the staging of non-seminoma and the response to chemotherapy. Conclusion: Non seminoma mostly happened in young males. Non-seminoma responses to chemotherapy. Patients in early stage would give a good response to chemotherapy compared to those with advanced stage. After chemotherapy, evaluation should be done to the patients' complaints and complete blood count to detect side effects.
The Role of Physical Exercise Intesity to Irisin Levels on Overweight and Obese Abdulloh, Ido Nur; Sugiharto, Sugiharto; Rejeki, Purwo Sri
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 57, No. 4
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Highlight: • The differences in intensity physical exercise mechanisms associated with increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects were determined. • The secretion of irisin in the right intensity blood on obesity can be reduced because the calories were balanced. Abstract: Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that can secrete various types of myokines to treat obesity problems. One of the myokines that play a role is irisin. Irisin is a polypeptide hormone with 112 amino acid residues that are synthesized in skeletal muscle after the proteolytic precursor cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). The release of irisin in the blood circulation will stimulate the browning process in white fat tissue by inducing the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) through signaling p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) to increase energy expenditure, thermogenesis and reduce fat accumulation. This study described the differences in intensity of physical exercise mechanisms associated with the increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects. This study was designed as a literature review that involved studies from research journals in the last 10 years concerning humans from some databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This study also discussed the relationship between the intensity of physical exercise and the synthesis, secretion, circulation, and regulation of irisin in preventing obesity.
Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Hospital Zairinal, Ramdinal Aviesena; Malufti, Chandrika Najwa; Ramli, Yetty; Lastri, Diatri Nari; Mayza, Adre; Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 3
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Abstract

Highlights: 1. The main focus of this study was to underscore the importance of exploring the characteristics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, which have not been extensively investigated, to help establish effective clinical procedures and decisions. 2. Three out of every four trauma patients in the emergency unit had mild TBIs, and those who did not survive showed a significant trend of rapid deterioration. 3. It is crucial to consistently conduct a thorough and comprehensive head-to-toe examination for all trauma patients. Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent neurological condition in emergency units. TBI cases are frequently diagnosed with severe conditions. Underdiagnosis is common in mild TBI cases. As a result, physicians have an uncomprehensive understanding of the patients' characteristics in their daily practice. This study aimed to discuss the characteristics of trauma patients who were diagnosed with TBIs in an emergency unit. We conducted a retrospective cohort observational study to examine the adult population of TBI patients from April 2022 to March 2023. This study collected several data points, including demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, and disposition distribution. All variables were compiled and summarized using descriptive statistics and analyzed by calculating frequencies and percentages. During the period of this study, 483 trauma patients were admitted to the emergency unit. A total of 361 (74.7%) of these cases were identified as TBIs. Most of the traumatic brain injuries occurred in men (75.6%), with the predominant age range being 18–22 years (22.4%). Mild TBI cases (74.5%) were the most prevalent, followed by moderate (20.2%) and severe (5.3%) TBI cases. The average score from the Glasgow Coma Scale assessment was 15. Most patients (80.9%) had no hypotension, while a greater number of patients (98.1%) did not exhibit hypoxia as a comorbidity. The Injury Severity Score revealed that the highest percentage of TBIs was categorized as minor (62.3%). It was found that 53.5% of the patients were discharged, while 36% of the patients were hospitalized. However, 7 patients (1.9%) passed in the emergency unit, and 30 patients (8.3%) opted to be discharged against medical advice. Only 21 patients (5.8%) received neurosurgical management. As the most prevalent trauma, TBI necessitates careful management to handle the implications of clinical decision-making. It is crucial to investigate the underlying risk of mortality in TBI cases because the majority of patients do not require neurosurgical intervention.
Early Stunting Detection Education as an Effort to Increase Mother's Knowledge about Stunting Prevention Sari, Gadis Meinar
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 57, No. 1
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Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems that is still common in children under five and has serious health impacts. The results of National Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 showed the prevalence of stunting at 30.8%, indicating that 1 out of 3 Indonesian children are still stunted. Probolinggo Regency is a priority area for stunting handling in 2019 with a prevalence of 50.2% according to a report from the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K). One of the factors that directly affect the incidence of stunting is low birth weight (LBW), while the mothers' knowledge level of health is an indirect factor that affects the growth conditions of children under five. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing stunting early detection education on maternal knowledge regarding stunting prevention. This is a pre experimental research study with one group pre-post test design, children aged 0-24 months as the research subjects. The case group consisted of stunted children (BL/A <-2 SD Z-score), while the control group consisted of normal children according to the BL/U indicator. The number of research subjects for the case and control groups was 40 with mothers of the toddlers as research respondents. The samples were selected using total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using dependent T test and linear regression. The results suggested that at the beginning of the session before provided education about early detection of stunting, mothers with stunting toddlers had lower level of knowledge (73.3%) than those with normal toddlers (77%). After provided with education, the knowledge level of mothers with stunted toddlers appreared to be higher (89%) than those with normal children (87.6%), with significant increase in each group (P <0.05). It can be concluded that education on stunting detection can significantly improve mothers' knowledge regarding the prevention of stunting in children aged 0-24 months. Providing regular education, both by nutrition workers at the health center and integrated service post (posyandu) cadres, is necessary as an effort to prevent stunting to the maximum.
Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children Aged 1–5 Years Provided by Doctors in Surabaya Athiyyah, Alpha Fardah; Irsan, Insyira Rayhana; Fatimah, Nurmawati
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 2
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Highlights: 1. The focus of this study was on the treatment methods for acute diarrhea, which have not been extensively investigated in the region studied. 2. This study can provide an overview of doctors' adherence to the available guidelines for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children aged 1–5 years in Surabaya, Indonesia. Abstract: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five, following pneumonia. Insufficient knowledge of diarrhea and dehydration management may contribute to this high mortality rate. Implementing prompt and effective management and prevention strategies has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the treatment methods used by doctors for children aged 1–5 suffering from acute diarrhea in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected from doctors in Surabaya using an online form containing case-based questions. Microsoft Excel for Mac version 16.17 (Microsoft Inc., Redmont, WA, USA) was used to process the binary data by calculating frequencies and percentages with a point estimate of 95% confidence interval (CI). A descriptive method was used in the data analysis, and the findings were presented in tables. From a total of 51 respondents who participated in this study, 18 (35.29%) only administered oral rehydration therapy. In addition, 49 respondents (96.08%) prescribed zinc supplementation for ten days, while 10 respondents (19.61%) opted for antibiotics. Interestingly, 49 respondents (96.08%) recommended both breast milk and food for the patients, and nearly all respondents provided guidance to the mother or caregiver of the patient. The findings of this study suggested that the respondents primarily used rehydration therapy to treat children suffering from acute diarrhea with moderate dehydration. However, some respondents still relied on antibiotics despite the available recommendations to use oral rehydration therapy. Nearly all respondents agreed on zinc supplementation, breast milk and food provision, and advice for the mother or caregiver of the patient. While certain aspects of the disease management for diarrhea align with the recommended guidelines, there is room for improvement in promoting the exclusive use of oral rehydration therapy and reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
CD4 Count and Central Nervous System Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in an Indonesian Presidential Hospital from 2020 to 2022 Ramadina, Annisa Azzahra; Astari, Riezky Valentina; Yusmaini, Hany; Saleh, Arman Yurisaldi
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 1
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Highlights: 1. There were insufficient data on the correlation between CD4 count and central nervous system infection as well as the risk magnitude of the infection for HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia. 2. This study revealed a significant correlation between CD4 count and the incidence of central nervous system infection in HIV/AIDS patients, showing an increased risk with a low CD4 count. 3. The findings suggest that CD4 count is a vital parameter in determining therapy and evaluating the presence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients. Abstract People living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), referred to as PLWHA, have a high rate of mortality and morbidity due to opportunistic central nervous system infections. The infections are attributed to the immune deficiency caused by HIV exposure to the immune system's cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells. This allows the central nervous system, the most vital body system, to acquire an opportunistic infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence and magnitude of a risk by examining the correlation between CD4 count and the incidence of central nervous system infection among HIV/AIDS patients. This analytical cross-sectional study utilized a simple random sampling technique on the population of HIV/AIDS patients, which consisted of 80 medical records from January 2020 to December 2022. This study was conducted at Gatot Soebroto Presidential Hospital, also known as Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) and the prevalence odds ratio (POR). The results showed that 16.3% of the patients suffered a central nervous system infection, which consisted of cerebral toxoplasmosis (76.9%) and brain abscess (23.1%). The bivariate analysis suggested a significant correlation between CD4 count and the incidence of central nervous system infection, with an 11.5-fold increased risk for HIV/AIDS patients who had a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (p=0.000; OR=11.5; 95% CI=2.9–43.8). This study concludes that CD4 count is correlated with the incidence of central nervous system infection, indicating a higher risk for HIV/AIDS patients with a low CD4 count.

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