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Folia Medica Indonesiana The Unit of Journal Consortium and Folia Medica Indonesiana Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
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Folia Medica Indonesiana
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23558398     EISSN : 2599056X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65346/2958-4515.2401
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Folia Medica Indonesiana, as indicated by its name, focuses on publishing good quality articles about research and education on health science and medicine in Indonesia. However, due to the fast growth of science and knowledge in these fields, we also welcome submitted articles from around the world, especially the ones that contain related matters from lower-middle income countries. Folia Medica Indonesiana is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is published online at least four times a year. The scope covers various aspects of basic medical sciences includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular medicine) and clinical medicine (covers specialties like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, oncology, psychiatry, etc). We highlight the pathology and potential treatment of metabolic syndromes and infectious diseases. Folia Medica Indonesiana also encourages the publication of articles about health education. The scope includes, but is not limited to, articles that emphasize on preventive education on certain diseases in a community, also research report of various materials and/or methods to develop medical education. We recognize the importance of this type of articles to be published alongside the assigned topic in each of our yearly issues, to provide our readers with updated information in medical sciences’ research and education simultaneously.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 571 Documents
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PREECLAMPSIA AND PRETERM BIRTH AS PREDOMINANT FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: INSIGHTS FROM A RURAL HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA Dzakiyyah, Sitisalma Amirah; Rahma, Alissa; Salsabila, Aziza; Agustina, Devi Silvia; Qamariah, Syarifah; Duarsa, Adhi Mahabudi; Cininta, Nareswari Imanadha
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health concern in low-resource and rural settings due to its strong association with neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify maternal determinants associated with LBW in a rural hospital in Indonesia. A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted on 179 singleton deliveries between January 1st and December 31st, 2024, at Alimuddin Umar General Hospital. Maternal age, parity, anemia, preeclampsia, and gestational age at delivery were obtained from medical records and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods. Bivariate analysis showed that preterm birth (p < 0.001) and preeclampsia (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with LBW, whereas maternal age, parity, and anemia showed no significant associations. When adjusted for potential confounders in the multivariate analyses, both preeclampsia (p = 0.019; OR = 4.61; 95% CI: 1.29–16.55) and preterm birth (p < 0.001; OR = 14.60; 95% CI: 5.52–38.57) remained independent predictors of LBW. These findings suggest that preeclampsia and preterm birth are the main contributors to LBW in this setting. Strengthening antenatal care, particularly early detection and management of preeclampsia and prevention of preterm birth, may reduce the burden of LBW. Further studies including nutritional, socioeconomic, and antenatal care variables are recommended to identify independent risk factors more comprehensively.
EXPLORING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KERSEN FRUIT (<i>MUNTINGIA CALABURA</i> L) AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM Firmanda, Hafidz; Widodo, Agung Dwi Wahyu; Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Infections caused by microbial biofilms pose a clinical treat in terms of patient morbidity and mortality rates. For potential treatment this study aims to determine antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract (Muntingia calabura L) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This research used true experimental method with posttest only control group design. Using 6 kersen fruit extract concentration and 4 replications. Antimicrobial test used tube dilution method and antibiofilm test used two different scenario, biofilm growth inhibition test and biofilm degradation test. MIC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 6.25% and Candida albicans at concentration 12.5%. MBC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 12.5% and Candida albicans at concentration 25%. Biofilm growth inhibition test found that kersen fruit extract was able to inhibit biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aures, highest inhibition value at 76.3% and Escherichia coli highest inhibition percentage at 18.18%. Biofilm degradation test showed that kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm of Staphylococcus aures highest degradation value is 26.5%. Kersen fruit extract was shown has antimicrobial activity as bacteriostatic and bactericidal against these microbes. Antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract obtained good result at preventing biofilm growth against Staphylococcus aures, while against Escherichia coli obtained weak growth inhibition. In biofilm degradation test, Kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm from Staphylococcus aures with moderate strength.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ELECTROSURGERY FOR MANAGEMENT OF GIANT CONDYLOMA ACUMINATA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Eviani, Fortunia Mona; Stella, Maureen Miracle; Budiyanto, Arief; Pudjiati, Satiti Retno; Alfieri, Alessandro
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA) is a rare sexually transmitted disease that is locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate. Electrosurgery is a minimally invasive procedure that may be less expensive, quicker, and safer than conventional surgery. This study aimed to review the management of GCA with electrosurgery. We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to search and retrieve literature in the following databases: PubMed, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and SAGE without time restrictions. The study inclusion criteria were original articles that studied the outcome of electrosurgery in GCA. The authors evaluated the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk-of-bias assessment. From 572 studies, seven were selected. All studies were published in English between 1997 and 2024. The affected regions in the studies include anal/perianal/anorectal (n=6), vulva (n=2), penis (n=2), scrotal (n=1), vagina (n=1), and suprapubic (n=1). Electrosurgical methods used were electrocautery, electrosection, and electrofulguration, with or without adjunctive treatments. Most cases achieved initial clearance, although one case had a rapid recurrence despite multiple interventions and progressed to squamous cell carcinoma. Recurrence was reported in three cases overall, with timing ranging from weeks to months after treatment. A few adverse effects were infrequent and included a burning sensation during application, minor bleeding, depigmentation, superficial atrophic scarring, and a small remnant ulcer. Electrosurgery demonstrates great potential in treating GCA, particularly when combined with other treatment modalities. However, none of the studies was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). To strengthen the evidence base, RCTs are definitely required.
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PARAMETERS SHOW NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH RESIDUAL CANCER BURDEN IN BREAST CARCINOMA Rahmanti, Fishella Aprista; Sandhika, Willy; Tjandra, Lusiani
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 61, No. 2
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Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) is a validated scoring system that quantifies the amount of tumour remaining after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer, providing prognostic information beyond binary outcomes, such as pathologic complete response (pCR). pCR represents a binary endpoint within various NAC response-grading systems, including RCB, rather than a separate reporting system. This study aimed to assess clinicopathological and molecular predictors of RCB class, including histological grade, histopathological type, molecular subtype, and Ki-67 index. A retrospective study was conducted on 68 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma who underwent NAC. Descriptive statistics and Pearson, Spearman, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations between these variables and RCB class. The mean Ki-67 index was 49.9% (standard deviation not specified), and most tumours were grade 2 (48.5%), invasive carcinoma of no special type (79.4%), and luminal B subtype (63.2%). The distribution of RCB classes was RCB III (42.6%), RCB II (35.3%), RCB 0 (13.2%), and RCB I (8.8%). Statistical analysis did not reveal significant associations between histological grade, histopathological type, molecular subtype, or Ki-67 and RCB class (all p > 0.05). No statistically significant associations were identified; however, the study may be insufficiently powered to detect smaller but clinically meaningful relationships. These findings point to the need for larger, multicentre studies with standardised biomarker assessment to improve post-treatment prognostication.
Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (SRBD) Antibodies Secretion in COVID-19 Survivors and Non-Survivors Post-Pre-Endemic Vaccination , Museyaroh; Woelansari, Evy Dyah; Kriharyani, Dwi
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 58, No. 3
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Highlights • The research this for determine the presence of immune response post-vaccine • The results of this study indicate that there are differences in immune responses, in survivors patients have higher SRBD antibody levels than non-survivors Abstract : The development of a vaccine for SARS-COV-2 began in mid-2020 with the aim of stimulating an individual's immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of post-vaccine SRBD antibody secreted in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors. Antibodies are considered to play a more important role in evaluating immunity because antibody tests may provide information about a person's immune status against SARS-CoV-2. The study was conducted at Husada Utama Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in April – May 2021. The samples were taken prospectively with a total sample of 60 patients, consisting of 40 non-survivors and 20 survivors of COVID-19 who had received Sinovac vaccine doses 1 and 2. Examination of Sars-CoV-2 SRBD antibody was conducted by using CL series of Mindray device by means of CLIA method. The average level of antibody was assessed in each sample group and the results were subjected to the Mann Whitney test. The mean SRBD antibody level in female patients was 428.24 ± 271.25, while in male patients it was 310.40 ± 113.71 U/mL. The results of the Mann Whitney test revealed a P-Value of 0.09 > 0.05, indicating no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males, but there were differences in SRBD antibody levels in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors with a P-Value of <, i.e. 0.00 < 0.05 There was no difference in post-vaccine SRBD antibody levels between females and males in COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors, but there were differences in post-vaccine antibody levels between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.
Screening of Tuberculosis Infection through Acid-Fast Bacilli Tests among Waste Workers in Gresik, Indonesia Utomo, Budi; Fatmaningrum, Widati; , Sulistiawati; Fauziyah, Shifa; Khuen, Chan Chow; Fadhilah, Nur; Sucipto, Teguh Hari
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 2
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Highlights: 1. This study was the first in Gresik, Indonesia, to conduct mass screening of tuberculosis among waste workers, comprising various demographic profiles. 2. Although the tuberculosis screening of the waste workers showed negative results, mass examination using an acid-fast bacilli smear remains crucial to detect latent infections and prevent transmissions. Abstract Tuberculosis is a major source of illness and mortality worldwide. Therefore, tuberculosis screening is important to increase the number of active case-finding in a community. Bacteriological examinations can be used to initiate community-based active case-finding. Waste workers face a high risk of contracting Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to their constant exposure to waste. This study aimed to conduct bacteriological examinations to identify tuberculosis infections among waste workers in Gresik, Indonesia, who were considered a high-risk group. An analytical observational study was carried out throughout September 2023 in the Ngipik subdistrict, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. The primary study was conducted using a cross-sectional design using interviews, measurements, and sputum examinations for all samples. The screening involved a total of 72 waste workers who had daily contact with various types of sewage and waste, including medical waste. The data were analyzed descriptively because of the constant variable. Following the analysis, the data were presented using a table and a figure. According to the acid-fast bacilli examinations, all of the samples yielded negative results. Nevertheless, this study concludes that it is imperative to carry out mass tuberculosis screening in various settings, specifically among those with a high risk. Mass screening can uncover the potential of latent tuberculosis and, thus, reduce its transmission.
Maternal Deaths caused by COVID-19 Infection in the First Year of the Pandemic Wave Akbar, Muhammad Ilham Aldika; Mulawardhana, Pungky; Wardhana, Manggala Pasca; Gumilar, Khanisyah Erza; Raheestyningtyas, Ecccita; Laksana, Muhammad Ardian Cahya; Anas, Jimmy Yanuar; , Ernawati; Joewono, Hermanto Tri; Bachnas, Muhammad Adrianes; Tjokroprawiro, Brahmana Askandar
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 2
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Highlights: • These cases of maternal deaths caused by COVID-19 infections illustrated the significant risk factors for maternal mortality during the early phases of the pandemic, while studies had not extensively reported this. • COVID-19 infections increase the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality, with infants having a lower chance of survival even if they are delivered. • Respiratory support, antiviral medications, antibiotics, anticoagulants, and supportive care are the primary treatments for severe COVID-19 in pregnancy. Abstract This article presents seven cases of maternal deaths attributed to COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic wave. These cases provide insights into the natural progression of COVID-19 in pregnant women who were not vaccinated. This study showed that COVID-19 significantly increased maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. All of the patients exhibited symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea upon admission to the hospital. They were admitted with elevated respiratory rates (26–32 times/minute) and low oxygen saturation (<95%). Four patients had obesity, while one patient had pregestational diabetes. The COVID-19 diagnosis was established using a rapid antibody or antigen test and chest X-ray, which indicated pneumonia. Medical interventions administered to the patients included antiviral therapy (5 patients), antibiotics (6 patients), and anticoagulants (4 patients). From a total of five babies delivered, four babies were delivered via cesarean section. Two babies were not delivered due to previability and maternal deaths before delivery. The patients passed away within 3–10 days of hospital admission. In conclusion, adequate and early intervention and management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 are crucial in preventing maternal and neonatal deaths, especially in unvaccinated women.
In Vitro Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Nanofibrillated Cellulose as an Injectable Biomaterial for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Substitute Widiyanti, Prihartini; Firda, Yurituna; , Aminatun; Wibowo, Herry
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 1
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Highlights: 1. Novel synthetic biopolymer hydrogels were successfully prepared from pristine poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) using the photopolymerization method. 2. PEGDMA-NFC biocomposite hydrogel can be developed as an affordable biomaterial for herniated nucleus pulposus substitute, with the potential to meet clinical application standards. Abstract Herniated nucleus pulposus develops when the intervertebral disc portudes through the annulus fibrosus due to the rupture of the annulus fibrosus or a decrease in proteoglycans. Hydrogel implant material can be injected into the disc space to restore disc thickness caused by disc degeneration with minimal invasiveness. This study aimed to characterize poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-nanofibrillated cellulose (PEGDMA-NFC) in vitro as a potential biomaterial for herniated nucleus pulposus substitute. This study utilized PEGDMA-NFC to treat first-degree herniated nucleus pulposus using the photopolymerization method. PEGDMA was selected because of its hydrophilic ability to produce hydrogel. The addition of NFC to the PEGDMA precursor was expected to show mechanical properties as a hydrogel bio composite candidate. The characterization of PEGDMA-NFC was conducted using three tests: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity assessment, and an in vitro injection testing model. The normal distribution of the data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, while the homogeneity was assessed using Levene's test. Homogenous and normally distributed data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of <0.05. The explored concentrations of PEGDMA-NFC included a ratio of 1:0 for the control samples and ratios of 1:0.5 (K1), 1:0.75 (K2), and 1:1 (K3) for the experimental samples. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of various functional groups in PEGDMA-NFC, indicating its potential classification as a hydrogel biomaterial. The characterization data showed that the K3 sample yielded the most favourable outcome with a viscosity value of 74.67 dPa·s. From the in vitro injection testing result, the addition of NFC demonstrated that the hydrogel would not rupture when released from the mold. The hydrogel could be injected with an 18 gauge needle. The statistical analysis results showed a significant difference among the samples (p<0.05). This study concludes that the PEGDMA-NFC hydrogel biocomposite can be effectively applied in herniated nucleus pulposus cases.
Proportions of Group B Streptococcus Isolation from Pregnant Women's Vaginal and Rectal Swab Specimens at a Tertiary Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia , Ivanna; Wasito, Eddy Bagus; Debora, Kartuti
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 1
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Highlights: • Rectal and vaginal swab specimens were collected from pregnant women, and there was no significant difference in the proportions of group B Streptococcus isolation. • Combined vaginal and rectal swab cultures provide a higher isolation of group B Streptococcus. Abstract : Group B Streptococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium found in women. It causes high-risk mortality in pregnant women, newborns, and the elderly. This study aimed to compare group B Streptococcus (GBS/Streptococcus agalactiae) proportions from different collection sites (vaginal and rectal swabs). This was an analytic observational study with a hospital-based cross-sectional design. A total of 74 swabs were taken from 37 pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Each participant provided a vaginal swab and a rectal swab, which were cultured in Todd Hewitt broth, blood agar, and CHROMagar. The specimens were subsequently identified using the VITEK 2 system. The GBS isolation percentages from the vaginal and rectal swab specimens were determined to be 13.5% and 8.1%, respectively. The McNemar test had a result of 0.697, and the Cohen's kappa test had a result of 0.165. To conclude, there was no significant difference in GBS isolation proportions between the vaginal and rectal swab cultures. Combined vaginal and rectal swab cultures were required to increase GBS isolation from pregnant women.
Semen Analysis of Covid-19 Survivors and Uninfected Men: Examining the Motility, Concentration, Vitality, and Morphology Parameters of Spermatozoa Musta'ina, Sri; Siswidiyanto, Eko Budi; Narulita, Pety; Agustinus,; Hinting, Aucky; Atika,; Faizah, Zakiyatul
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 60, No. 3
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Highlights: 1. Spermatozoa can be affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to a disruption in spermatogenesis, leading to a decline in semen quality. 2. This study compared the semen quality of COVID-19 survivors and those who had not been infected with COVID-19, specifically on the first spermatogenesis cycle following the confirmation of COVID-19 infection. 3. This study is distinctive since no previous research in Indonesia has examined the semen quality parameters, such as the concentration, morphology, motility, and vitality of spermatozoa, in men who had a COVID-19 infection. Abstract Semen quality in COVID-19 patients shows inconsistencies and variations. This research was conducted considering that health is the main capital for humans in Indonesia's development, as outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3. The purpose of this study was to compare the semen quality of COVID-19 survivors with non-COVID-19 men. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were selected through consecutive sampling of up to 26 men of childbearing age who met the predetermined criteria. Semen quality assessment using the WHO Semen Analysis Guide 6th edition. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. The data normality test was carried out using the Saphiro-Wilk test. Then, the data were tested by t-test from two unpaired samples and by the Mann-Whitney test. Data from semen analysis based on COVID-19 severity were tested using variant analysis (One-way ANOVA) and the Kruskal Wallis test. The normal morphology of spermatozoa in COVID-19 survivors was significantly lower (p=0.011) compared to uninfected men. Other semen quality parameters did not differ significantly, although they were lower in COVID-19 survivors. The results of the analysis also showed no significant difference in semen parameters related to COVID-19 severity (p=0.488 for progressive motility; p=0.372 for non-progressive motility; p=0.325 for total motility; p=0.707 for immotility; p=0.412 for vitality; p=0.324 for concentration; and p=0.334 for normal morphology). The study provides evidence that COVID-19 survivors have a lower normal spermatozoa morphology compared to uninfected men. However, the motility, vitality, and concentration of spermatozoa did not differ significantly between the two groups.

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