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Analisis Filogenetik Cyprinus carpio Ruang Lingkup Asia Timur Dan Eropa Berdasarkan Genom Mitokondria Erik Nanda Putra; Abdul Razak; Ramadhan Sumarmin
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i01.p18

Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the oldest and most commercially cultivated freshwater fish in the World. However, there are still many undetermined phylogenetic relationships and the origins of common goldfish lineages, which are an obstacle to the conservation and genetic reproduction of this species. In the process of phylogenetic analysis, researchers used mitochondrial genomes where the genomic DNA was obtained from homozygous double haploid clonal lines from domesticated Songpu strains, and the total genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of 11 individuals representing East Asia and Europe and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the phenology of Cyprinus carpio fish, which is expected to be the basis for increasing understanding to determine the kinship relationship between Cyprinus carpio in East Asia and Europe. The results showed that the relationship between Cyprinus carpio color, Cyprinus carpio songpu mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio, and Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis was very close, this can be seen from the bootstrap value of 100%. Meanwhile, with Cyprinus carpio haematopterus has a bootstrap value of 70%. Meanwhile, with Cyprinus xingguonensis it has a bootstrap value of 66%. Furthermore, it can also be said that the Songpu mirror goldfish is closely related to C. carpio carpio which is also a member of the genus Cyprinu. The genus Cyprinu has a close relationship with the genus Catla. In the phylogenetic tree, this species of fish forms a very coherent group, supported by a high bootstrap value of 100% and an average genetic distance of 0.02. Key words: Mitochondrial genome, Phylogenetics, general Cyprinus carpio

Potensi Ekstrak Ethanol Daun Salam Dan Air Rebusan Daun Salam Untuk Memperbaiki Profil Lipid (Ldl-Kolesterol) Darah Pada Tikus Wistar Yulidia Iriani; Yan Ramona; Ni Putu Adriani Astiti
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i01.p09

Hyperlipidimia merupakan suatu kelainan yang memicu terjadinya penyakit kardiovascular yang jumlah penderitanya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Kelainan ini disebabkan oleh pola makan masyarakat yang cenderung mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak, tetapi rendah kadar serat. Pemakaian obat paten, seperti simvastatin merupakan pilihan utama saat ini untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Namun, pemakaian obat ini dalam waktu lama tidak dianjurkan karena dapat menyebabkan efek samping merugikan bagi tubuh, sehingga perlu dicari bahan alam yang mempunyai efek sama dengan obat tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, potensi hypolipidemia daun salam diuji pada tikus jantan galur Wistar karena secara empirik daun tanaman ini sering dipakai sebagai obat tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun salam (EEDS) dan rebusan daun salam (ARDS) terhadap menurunkan LDL-Kolesterol tikus galur Wistar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan delapan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perlakuan dengan aquades (kontrol negatif), simvastatin 0,36 mg/kgBB (kontrol positif), EEDS 252mg/kgBB (EEDS 252), 504mg/kgBB (EEDS 504), 756mg/kgBB (EEDS 756), ARDS 25%/kgBB (ARDS 25), 50% mg/kgBB (ARDS 50), dan 75% mg/kgBB (ARDS 75). Perlakuan diberikan selama satu minggu pada tikus yang sebelumnya diberi pakan kaya lemak selama satu bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan kadar LDL-Kolesterol secara signifikan (p?0.05) pada semua kelompok perlakuan dengan kisaran potensi sebesar 8,00±0,82% sampai 56,16 ± 5,69% (< kontrol negatif dengan penurunan sebesar 6,25 ± 0,50%). Bahkan pada perlakuan 756mg/kgBB EEDS (EEDS 756) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik (p?0.05) daripada kontrol positif (simvastatin). Efek hypolipidemia dari ekstrak daun salam ini diduga disebabkan oleh golongan senyawa-senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tannin yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun salam. Kata kunci: Daun salam, LDL-Kolesterol, Tikus Wistar

Media Ekstrak Buah Untuk Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Vanda Tricolor Secara In Vitro Vivi Nirmala Rahmah; Purwati Kuswarini Suprapto; Egi Nuryadin
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i01.p14

Pertumbuhan planlet anggrek Vanda tricolor pada proses subkultur in vitro ditentukan oleh banyak faktor, salah satu diantaranya ialah komposisi dan variasi media utama. Hal ini bertujuan agar planlet tidak mengalami defisit nutrisi pada media utama, maka perlu adanya penambahan variasi bahan organik seperti pemberian ekstrak buah melon, ekstrak buah pisang ambon, dan ekstrak buah tomat agar ketersediaan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dalam pertumbuhan planlet hingga tumbuh dewasa tetap terjamin. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif true ekperimental design dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu variasi konsentrasi ekstrak buah yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi atau pengamatan. Parameter yang diamati ialah berat segar planlet, tinggi planlet, jumlah daun, dan jumlah akar planlet. Teknis analisis yang digunakan ialah uji one way ANOVA dan untuk perbedaan rata-rata antar perlakuan digunakan Uji LSD (Least Sigification Different) taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ekstrak buah berpengaruh secara signifikan pada parameter tinggi planlet dengan rata-rata tertinggi 1,97 cm dan berat segar planlet dengan rata-rata terbesar 0,602 g serta tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada jumlah daun, dan jumlah akar. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa media D (150 g/l ekstrak buah tomat) dan media B (150 g/l ekstrak buah melon) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan planlet anggrek Vanda tricolor.

Kadar Superoksida Dismutase (SOD ) Pada Paru-Paru Tikus Hipertensi Doca-Garam Yang Dipapar Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh Dan Benalu Mangga Siti Qurrotul Aini; Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer; Nurul Jadid Mubarakati
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p13

Hypertension is a condition caused by the pressure of blood against the artery walls when the blood is Hypertension is a condition caused by the pressure of blood against the artery walls when the blood is pumped from the heart to the tissues. In hypertension, it can stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds. The use of exogenous antioxidants in preventing oxidative stress can alternatively use herbal plants. For example, herbal plants such as tea parasites and mango parasites can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). This study aims to further examine the role of methanolic extracts from the combination of tea parasite and mango parasite (EMBTBM) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hypertensive rats exposed to DOCA-salt using experimental methods. Using 25 male Wistar rats, consisted of 5 treatments, namely control (-), control (+), the treatment group for the combination of tea parasites and mango parasites with doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg / KgBB respectively with five repetitions. The results of this study indicate that the level of increased SOD with the combination of EMBTBM in the control group (+) was very significantly different from the control group (-), treatment 1, 2, and 3. This very significant difference was due to the p-value = <0.001 (< 0.05). The benefit of this study is that it can be used as a reference for the role of the combination of tea parasites and mango parasites on superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hypertensive rats exposed to DOCA-salt. Keywords: Hypertension, EMBTBM, SOD.

The Role of City Forest: Study of Malang Urban Forest Contribution in Sequestrating Carbondioxide Emition Roimil Latifa; Diani Fatmawati; Ahmad Fauzi
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p03

Malabar, as an urban forest has a potential in CO2 sequestration which was not documented yet. This quantitative descriptive research aimed to describe the contribution of Malabar urban forest in CO2 emission mitigation through calculating the amount of CO2 absorbed by the forest. The data collection used was non-destructive in which the indicators measured were DBH and the height of the trees with DBH more than 20 cm. The data gained then was analyzed using Alometric Chave formula to obtain the amount of plant biomass, carbon values, and CO2 values. The results showed that the potential of Malabar rban forest is not optimized yet as the low amount of carbon stored in this forest. Thus, it is suggested to enrich the trees planted with those which can sequestrate CO2 in much higher amount compare to the exist one. Kata kunci: CO2 sequestration, urban forest, Malabar urban forest

Penilaian Kualitas Air Hulu Sungai Bedadung Kabupaten Jember Berdasarkan Trophic Diatom Index Retno Wimbaningrum; Ahmad Farid Ary Wardhana; Hari Sulistiyowati
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p19

This study was conducted to assess the quality of the Bedadung river water that passes through forests, coffee plantations, rice fields and land-settlements with epilitic diatom bioindicators based on the Trophic Diatom Index value. Diatom samples were collected by brushing the surface of the rock submerged in river water, then the samples were identified and their abundance was determined. The physico-chemical parameters of river water that are measured include temperature, TP, DO, TDS, conductivity, turbidity and water discharge. The quality of land around the river is also determined by first recording the growing vegetation data. Diatom data were analyzed to determine the TDI index value to determine river water quality, vegetation data were analyzed to determine the index of environmental services. Furthermore, TDI data, environmental service index and physico-chemical parameters of river water are analyzed. Principle Component Analysis to determine the relationship between these components. The results showed that the water quality of the Bedadung river that passed through forests, coffee plantations, rice fields and land-settlements based on the TDI value was classified into the moderate eutrophic category because the TDI value ranged from 41-47. This TDI value is related to TP levels, water discharge and DO but not related to land quality around rivers, pH, TDS, conductivity, and temperature. Keyword: TDI, epilithic diatom, river water quality, bioindicator

Uji Isolat Bakteri Selulolitik Sebagai Dekomposer Pada Dekomposisi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Clara Aprilya Kurniawan; Gusmawartati gusmawartati
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p08

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan salah satu jenis limbah padat terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS). Setiap pengolahan 1 ton tandan buah segar (TBS) menghasilkan 220–230 kg TKKS. Salah satu upaya mengatasi penumpukan TKKS adalah pengomposan. Kendala utama pengomposan TKKS adalah proses perombakannya memerlukan waktu 6?12 bulan dikarenakan TKKS mengandung selulosa 33,02%, hemiselulosa 22,05% dan lignin 35,08%. Salah satu cara mempercepat proses pengomposan dilakukan melalui perlakuan biologi dengan menambahkan mikroorganisme seperti bakteri selulolitik yang mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang terdiri dari delapan perlakuan yaitu B0 (Tanpa pemberian isolat), B1 (Bacillus tequilensis Strain RA 1402), B2 (Bacillus subtilis Strain C17), B3 (Bacillus subtilis Strain SKUASIS), B4 (Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 10), B5 (Bacillus subtilis Strain K43), B6 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain KUJM) dan B7 (Gabungan Isolat). Parameter yang diamati adalah sifat fisik kompos, penyusutan berat bahan kompos dan total populasi mikrob kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian isolat bakteri selulolitik memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penyusutan berat bahan kompos. Perlakuan gabungan isolat (B7) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan penyusutan berat bahan kompos. Perlakuan B7 merupakan perlakuan yang mampu menghasilkan kompos berkualitas tinggi dimana telah sesuai dengan Standar Kualitas Kompos SNI : 19?7030?2004. Kata kunci: Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, Isolat bakteri selulolitik, Pengomposan,

Peranan BAP dan Air Kelapa pada Medium VW terhadap Organogenesis Dendrobium sp. Nindi Afifa Nisa; Tintrim Rahayu; Gatra Ervi Jayanti
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p14

Anggrek Dendrobium merupakan genus favorit bagi pecinta anggrek di bandingkan dengan anggrek lainnya, karena kemampuan anggrek Dendrobium yang mudah beradaptasi di berbagai lingkungan. Produksi anggrek di Indonesia sangat lambat, sedangkan peminatnya dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat, sehingga perlu di percepat dengan kultur jaringan secara in vitro. Perbanyakan tanaman secara in vitro ini menggunakan media VW sebagai faktor penentu, media VW adalah media yang sering digunakan pada perbanyakan tanaman Dendrobium sp. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan BAP dan air kelapa pada organonogenesis eksplan Dendrobium sp. Penelitian ini di dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan FMIPA, Universitas Islam Malang, mulai dari bulan September sampai November 2020, menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, BAP 0,5 ml, 1 ml dan 1,5 ml dan air kelapa100 ml, 150 ml dan 200 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organogenesis tertinggi pada perlakuan BAP yaitu konsentrasi 1,5 ml dengan rata-rata 1,3 tunas, 3,86 daun, 0,86 akar dan panjang akar 0,4 cm. Sedangkan perlakuan air kelapa menunjukkan organogenesis tertinggi yaitu konsentrasi 150 ml, dengan rata-rata 0,63 tunas, 3,53 daun, 1 akar dan panjang akar 1,66 cm. Perlakuan air kelapa lebih efektif pada pemanjangan akar dengan jumlah akar 1 dan panjang akar 1,66 cm. Sedangkan perlakuan BAP lebih efektif pada pembentukan tunas dengan jumlah tunas 1,3 dan jumlah daun 3,86. Kata kunci: BAP, Bahan organik, Dendrobium, Organogenesis.

Umur, Lingkungan Pengendapan, dan Karakteristik Fosil Palinomorf Formasi Batuasih, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat Rizki Satria Rachman; Winantris Winantris; Budi Muljana
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p04

Palynomorph is a dust-sized material that is resistant to strong acids which can reflect the age and environmental conditions when a rock was formed. Batuasih Formation is one of the oldest rock formations in Bogor Basin which is rarely interpreted, especially from its palynological aspect. This study aims to see palynomorph characteristics, relative age, and environmental conditions in Batuasih Formation. There are several steps in conducting the research. Field activities by measured stratigraphic sections and sampling every 5-meter intervals or each lithological changes, laboratory activities by sample preparation using acid treatment method, identification were carried out using CX-22 binocular microscope, and laboratory analysis of age and depositional environment is drawn based on palynomorph associations that are present in rocks. The result found that palynomorphs were present in 8 of 10 samples (B.1, B.2, B.4, B.6 - B.10). One hundred seventy-three palynomorphs identified to consist of 20 different species. Dominant pollen came from genus Proxapertites, both Proxapertites operculatus, Proxapertites cursus, and Proxapertites psilatus. While dominant spores came from Verrucatosporites usmensis. Apart from pollen and spores, Palynomorphs in the form of dinoflagellates and foraminifera test lining are also present in this formation. Palynomorph analysis shows that Batuasih Formation has Late Eocene - Early Oligocene age (41.2 - 27.8 Ma) with transitional depositional environment.

Profil Histopatologi Otot Jantung pada Tikus Hipertensi (Doca-Garam) yang Dipapar Kombinasi Ekstrak Metanolik Benalu Teh Dan Benalu Mangga (EMBTBM) Annisatul Anis Hakimah; Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer; Nurul Jadid Mubarakati
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 8 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i02.p20

Some herbs from the parasite group and the Loranthaceae family also act as antihypertensives. This study aims to look at the histopathological profile of the heart in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) exposed to the combination of Methanolic Extract of Benalu Tea and Mango Benalu (EMBTBM) for 14 days using true experimental design method with completely randomized design on 50 rats, divided into 5 controls -), control (+), treatment 1 dose 50 mg / KgBB, treatment 2 doses 100 mg / KgBB and treatment 3 doses 200 mg / KgBB. Each treatment had 5 replications. In analyzing the data used the ANOVA test, one of the methods is JAMOVI with version 1.1.9.0. As for the calculation of cell diameter using the IMAGE J application. The results showed that the histopathological profile of the heart in hypertensive rats (DOCA-Salt) exposed to EMBTBM for 14 days on heart cell necrosis showed very real evidence between the control (+) and control (- ), treatment 1, 2, and 3. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis p-value <0.05, namely 0.002, so it is denied that EMBTBM has an effect on the average number of necrosis of cardiac cells. There is also a significant difference in the number of heart cell diameter of hypertensive rats between the control (+) and control (-) groups, treatment 1, 2, and 3. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis showing a p-value <0.05, namely 0.021, so that it can it is denied that EMBTBM can shrink the diameter of cells in the heart organ. Keywords: Hypertension, Heart, Left Ventricle, Anatomical Histopathology, EMBTBM.

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