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Pro Kontra â€˜Aul Dalam Kewarisan Islam: Studi Komparatif Antara Pandangan Sunni dan Syiah Bachri, Syabbul
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 10, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Kewarisan mendapat perhatian yang besar dalam Islam karena adanya ayat-ayat dalam al-Quran yang secara terperinci menjelaskan konsep dasar kewarisan. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang kemudian muncul dan tidak ditemukan cara penyelesaiannya dalam al-Quran dan Hadits. Oleh karena itu, ulama mengambil jalan ijtihad untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Diantara permasalahan tersebut adalah masalah kelebihan bagian waris atau kekurangan harta waris untuk dibagikan kepada ahliwaris sesuai dengan fard. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ulamaâ€™ Sunni dan Syiah menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut serta menjelaskan apa yang melatarbelakangi pandangan dari keduanya. Studi ini merupakan kajian normatif komparatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diambil dari buku-buku referensi Sunni dan Syiah. Sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari artikel-artikel jurnal dan buku-buku terkait dengan topik pembahasan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sunni menyelesaikan kasus kekurangan harta dengan caraâ€˜aul dengan mengurangi porsi bagian ahliwaris secara merata. Sedangkan Syiah menentang konsep tersebut dengan alasan kemustahilan bagi Allah untuk menentukan bagian fard ahliwaris untuk harta yang tidak mencukupi bagian fard tersebut.Inheritance receives great attention in Islam due to the existence of verses in the Koran which explains in detail the basic concept of it. Nevertheless, there are several problems which arise and aren't found ways to resolve them in the Koran and Hadith. Therefore, scholars took independent reasons (ijtihad) to solve the problems. Among these problems is the problem of excess portion of inheritance or lack of inheritance to be distributed to the heirs according to fard (Koranic portion). The purpose of this study is to explain how Sunni and Shi'a scholars solve the problem and explain what lies behind the views of both. This study is a comparative normative one with a qualitative approach. Primary data is taken from Sunnite and Shiite books. While secondary data comes from journal articles and books related to the topic of discussion. The results of the study showed that Sunniite resolved cases of property shortages by means of â€˜aul that is by reducing the portion of the heirs equally. Whereas the Shiites opposed the concept with the excuse of the impossibility for Allah to determine fard to the heirs for assets that did not cover the portions.

Dysfunction of Muslim’s Public Resource: A Study of Waqf Land Disorganization in Indonesia Sudirman Sudirman; Irwan Abdullah; Saifuddin Zuhri Qudsy; Fakhruddin Fakhruddin; Syabbul Bachri
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 14, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v14i1.16240

Abstract:Waqf land (donated land) is a property for people’s welfare that has not been remarkably managed in Indonesia. Poor administration and regulation of the waqf system cause dysfunction of this Muslim's most extensive resource. The waqf studies usually focus on issues around the misuse of waqf land, the swapping of waqf land, or the strategy for managing productive waqf land. Research on the disorganization of the waqf land remains unnoticed by researchers. This study complements previous writings' shortcomings by examining the patterns of waqf land disorganization and its consequences for the Muslims, including the waqf's low productivity, the waqf land position as a disputed source, and the waqf land as a lost-risk Muslim property. This study is empirical waqf research with interviews as the primary data and documents from online news website sources as the secondary data. This study indicates that the disorganization of waqf land is not only due to the absence of an administrative system and a lack of institutional commitment to waqf management. It is also rooted in Muslims' cosmological structure, who believe that waqf is the doer's afterlife savings. This belief resulted in the neglect of the waqf administration process, which led to the dysfunction of the community's resources. This study suggests further research on the contemporary waqf with its variants and waqf's practice from the doers’ and the managers' perspective to more comprehensively portray the problem of waqf land disorganization.Keywords: resource dysfunction; disorganization; waqf land; nazhir.Abstrak:Wakaf merupakan properti sumber kesejahteraan umat yang belum dikelola secara serius. Sistem administrasi dan regulasi wakaf yang buruk menyebabkan disfungsi sumber daya terbesar umat. Sejauh ini kajian wakaf terfokus pada isu sekitar penyalahgunaan tanah wakaf, tukar-guling tanah wakaf, atau strategi pengelolaan tanah wakaf produktif. Kajian seputar disorganisasi tanah wakaf masih luput dari perhatian para peneliti. Studi ini melengkapi kekurangan pelbagai tulisan terdahulu dengan mengkaji secara rinci pola disorganisasi tanah wakaf dan akibatnya bagi umat meliputi produktifitas wakaf yang masih dinilai rendah, posisi tanah wakaf sebagai sumber sengketa, dan tanah wakaf sebagai muslim property yang berisiko hilang. Kajian ini termasuk studi wakaf empiris dengan data primer dalam bentuk wawancara dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui dokumen dari sumber website berita online. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa disorganisasi tanah wakaf bukan hanya tidak tersedianya sistem administrasi dan rendahnya komitmen kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan wakaf, namun ternyata mengakar dalam sistem kosmologi kaum muslim yang meyakini wakaf sebagai tabungan akherat bagi wakif. Hal ini mengakibatkan pengabaian proses administrasi wakaf yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan disfungsi sumberdaya umat. Studi ini menyarankan penelitian lanjutan tentang wakaf kontemporer dengan berbagai variannya dan praktik wakaf perspektif wakif-nazhir untuk memotret problem disorganisasi tanah wakaf secara lebih komprehensif.Kata Kunci: Disfungsi sumber daya; disorganisasi; wakaf tanah; nazhir.

Critical Study of Amina Wadud's Thought in the Issue of Inheritance Fauzan Zenrif; Syabbul Bachri
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Shariah Faculty UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v15i1.22217

This study aims to examine the main arguments presented by Amina Wadud on inheritance in her book "Quran and Women" and evaluate the validity of her arguments. The scope of this research will include an analysis of Wadud's method of interpreting the Quran as outlined in the book Quran and Women which influenced her thoughts on Islamic inheritance and a critical study of her thoughts. This research is a type of qualitative research with a critical study approach. The results of the study show that a critical study of Wadud's thinking shows that she generalizes the 2:1 provision on the shares of men and women which actually only applies in certain cases. In addition, Wadud's demands for reinterpretation cannot be done without adequate interpretive science tools. Science explains that justice need not be interpreted as equality. There are two categories of justice, according to Aristotle: commutative justice and distributive justice. So that there can be no justification for questioning the Quran's just inheritance allocation. Furthermore, the provisions in the inheritance verse in the Quran are qath'i provisions so there is no justification for doing ijtihad which is presumptive (dzanny) in a reassuring text (qath'i). In addition, Wadud's thoughts are also considered less specific and do not provide a real format for how the redistribution she proposes. Therefore, Wadud's rereading in terms of inheritance is considered incomplete or incomprehensive of the Qur'an.

Critical Study of Amina Wadud's Thought in the Issue of Inheritance Zenrif, Fauzan; Bachri, Syabbul
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 15, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Shariah Faculty UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v15i1.22217

This study aims to examine the main arguments presented by Amina Wadud on inheritance in her book "Quran and Women" and evaluate the validity of her arguments. The scope of this research will include an analysis of Wadud's method of interpreting the Quran as outlined in the book Quran and Women which influenced her thoughts on Islamic inheritance and a critical study of her thoughts. This research is a type of qualitative research with a critical study approach. The results of the study show that a critical study of Wadud's thinking shows that she generalizes the 2:1 provision on the shares of men and women which actually only applies in certain cases. In addition, Wadud's demands for reinterpretation cannot be done without adequate interpretive science tools. Science explains that justice need not be interpreted as equality. There are two categories of justice, according to Aristotle: commutative justice and distributive justice. So that there can be no justification for questioning the Quran's just inheritance allocation. Furthermore, the provisions in the inheritance verse in the Quran are qath'i provisions so there is no justification for doing ijtihad which is presumptive (dzanny) in a reassuring text (qath'i). In addition, Wadud's thoughts are also considered less specific and do not provide a real format for how the redistribution she proposes. Therefore, Wadud's rereading in terms of inheritance is considered incomplete or incomprehensive of the Qur'an.

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