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UVB-Induced Oxidative Collapse and Melanogenic Activation in a Rat Model of Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation: A Multi-Parametric Analysis Sesia Pradestine; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Indah Julianto; Muhammad Eko Irawanto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 11 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i11.1442

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a primary driver of cutaneous hyperpigmentation disorders, with oxidative stress recognized as a key pathogenic mechanism. However, a comprehensive, multi-level characterization of the causal link between chronic UVB exposure and the resulting oxidative, histological, and melanogenic responses is needed. This study aimed to quantitatively validate a preclinical model of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation by characterizing the reciprocal regulation of key oxidative stress biomarkers and correlating these changes with objective histological evidence of hyperpigmentation. Methods: This controlled in vivo experimental study used 14 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into a control group (KN; n=7) and a UVB-exposed group (KP; n=7). The KP group received chronic UVB radiation (300 mJ/cm² daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Dorsal skin tissue was harvested for analysis. Oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels via ELISA. Hyperpigmentation was objectively validated and quantified using Fontana-Masson staining for melanin deposition and immunohistochemistry for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Results: Chronic UVB exposure induced significant hyperpigmentation, confirmed by a 5.8-fold increase in epidermal melanin content (p < 0.001) and a 4.1-fold increase in the number of MITF-positive melanocytes (p < 0.001) in the KP group. This was accompanied by a profound oxidative imbalance: MDA levels increased by 7.5-fold (p < 0.001), while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx decreased by 80.5%, 65.2%, and 71.4%, respectively (all p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was observed between MDA and all antioxidant enzymes, particularly SOD (r = -0.985, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic UVB exposure directly triggers a collapse of the cutaneous antioxidant network, leading to severe lipid peroxidation. This state of profound oxidative stress is causally linked to melanocyte activation and excessive melanin synthesis, driving the hyperpigmentation phenotype. This robustly validated preclinical model provides a powerful platform for investigating the molecular pathophysiology of UVB-induced pigmentary disorders and for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions.

Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomes Modulate Follicular Regeneration: A Comparative Mechanistic Analysis with Minoxidil in a Preclinical Model of Androgenetic Alopecia Trya Oktaviani; Arie Kusumawardani; Suci Widhiati; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan; Endra Yustin Ellistasari
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 11 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i11.1437

Background: The therapeutic armamentarium for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is limited, with variable efficacy and potential side effects associated with standard treatments like minoxidil. Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exo) represent a novel acellular strategy, offering a concentrated payload of regenerative biomolecules. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of PRP-Exo, as a monotherapy and in combination with minoxidil, in a validated murine model of AGA. Methods: A parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, controlled experimental study was conducted. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice with testosterone-induced AGA were randomized (n=8/group) to one of four groups: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC; 5% topical minoxidil), Treatment 1 (T1; intradermal PRP-Exo), or Treatment 2 (T2; combination of PRP-Exo and minoxidil). PRP-Exo were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and ELISA for marker proteins. After a 14-day treatment period, efficacy was assessed via hair follicle density (HFD), anagen-to-telogen (A/T) ratio, and hair shaft thickness. Mechanistic insight was obtained by quantifying tissue protein levels of Ki-67 and β-catenin by ELISA. Results: All active treatments significantly improved hair regeneration compared to the NC group. The combination therapy (T2) demonstrated the most profound effects across all metrics, showing statistically superior outcomes compared to both minoxidil (PC) and PRP-Exo (T1) monotherapies in HFD (65.8 ± 12.1 vs. 36.2 ± 8.5 and 47.3 ± 10.4 follicles/mm², respectively; p<0.01). Furthermore, T2 treatment led to the highest A/T ratio and hair shaft thickness. ELISA revealed that T2 treatment also resulted in the highest tissue concentrations of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the Wnt pathway protein β-catenin, suggesting enhanced mitogenic activity and modulation of key developmental pathways. Conclusion: PRP-Exo is a potent hair regenerative agent, significantly outperforming minoxidil in this preclinical model. The combination of PRP-Exo and minoxidil exhibits a synergistic effect, promoting superior follicular regeneration by concurrently stimulating tissue proliferation and upregulating key components of the anagen-promoting Wnt signaling pathway. These findings underscore the significant clinical potential of PRP-Exo as a next-generation therapy for AGA.

UVB-Induced Oxidative Collapse and Melanogenic Activation in a Rat Model of Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation: A Multi-Parametric Analysis Sesia Pradestine; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Indah Julianto; Muhammad Eko Irawanto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 11 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i11.1442

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a primary driver of cutaneous hyperpigmentation disorders, with oxidative stress recognized as a key pathogenic mechanism. However, a comprehensive, multi-level characterization of the causal link between chronic UVB exposure and the resulting oxidative, histological, and melanogenic responses is needed. This study aimed to quantitatively validate a preclinical model of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation by characterizing the reciprocal regulation of key oxidative stress biomarkers and correlating these changes with objective histological evidence of hyperpigmentation. Methods: This controlled in vivo experimental study used 14 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into a control group (KN; n=7) and a UVB-exposed group (KP; n=7). The KP group received chronic UVB radiation (300 mJ/cm² daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Dorsal skin tissue was harvested for analysis. Oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels via ELISA. Hyperpigmentation was objectively validated and quantified using Fontana-Masson staining for melanin deposition and immunohistochemistry for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Results: Chronic UVB exposure induced significant hyperpigmentation, confirmed by a 5.8-fold increase in epidermal melanin content (p < 0.001) and a 4.1-fold increase in the number of MITF-positive melanocytes (p < 0.001) in the KP group. This was accompanied by a profound oxidative imbalance: MDA levels increased by 7.5-fold (p < 0.001), while the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx decreased by 80.5%, 65.2%, and 71.4%, respectively (all p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was observed between MDA and all antioxidant enzymes, particularly SOD (r = -0.985, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic UVB exposure directly triggers a collapse of the cutaneous antioxidant network, leading to severe lipid peroxidation. This state of profound oxidative stress is causally linked to melanocyte activation and excessive melanin synthesis, driving the hyperpigmentation phenotype. This robustly validated preclinical model provides a powerful platform for investigating the molecular pathophysiology of UVB-induced pigmentary disorders and for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions.

Hubungan Karakteristik Klinis dengan Gambaran Histopatologi Pasien Karsinoma Sel Basal di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Adjie, Sugih Primas; Mawardi, Prasetyadi; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji; Julianto, Indah
Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 10 (2025): Jurnal Impresi Indonesia
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jii.v4i10.7060

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer, with varying clinical and histopathological manifestations. The infiltrative nature of BCC affects tumor aggressiveness and its prognosis. In Indonesia, data regarding the relationship between clinical characteristics and histopathological features of BCC are still limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between clinical characteristics and the infiltrative nature in BCC patients at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. A retrospective cross-sectional study used medical records and paraffin blocks of BCC patients diagnosed from January 2021 to February 2025. The evaluated characteristics included age, sex, anatomical location, lesion size, and histopathological subtypes. Histopathological features were analyzed based on infiltrative and non-infiltrative tumor characteristics. Of the 29 patients analyzed, the majority were female (55.2%) with a median age of 57 years. Most lesions were ?2 cm² (82.8%) and located on the middle face (75.9%). The dominant histopathological subtypes were nodulo-ulcerative (41.4%) and nodular (34.4%). Only 48.3% of cases were infiltrative. No significant relationship was found between clinical characteristics and the infiltrative nature of the tumor, emphasizing the importance of histopathological evaluation in determining tumor aggressiveness. These findings are essential for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for BCC in Indonesia.

Nevus Unius Lateris with Hemophilia: A rare case report Murastami, Ammarilis; Fiqnasyani, Siti Efrida; Widyastuti, Zilpa; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji
Health and Medical Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2023): HEME September 2023
Publisher : Universitas Baiturrahmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33854/heme.v5i3.1314

Latar Belakang: Nevus Unius Lateris (NUL) adalah kelainan bawaan jaringan kulit langka, ditandai distribusi lesi unilateral mengikuti garis Blaschko. Lesi ditemukan pada tahun pertama kehidupan dengan bercak coklat kekuningan, batas yang jelas, dan permukaan verukosa. Pemeriksaan multidisiplin dianjurkan untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan memberikan penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Terapi bertujuan untuk mengangkat dan menghancurkan lesi hiperkeratosis dengan pembedahan/non-pembedahan. Elektrokauter dapat menjadi pilihan untuk membantu mencegah perdarahan setelah operasi dermatologis, terutama hemofilia. Kasus: Tn. A, 24 tahun, pekerjaan wiraswasta, datang dengan keluhan utama beberapa plak yang meninggi di belakang lehernya. Keluhan pertama muncul sebagai bintik pada usia 6 tahun dan naik perlahan, dan menyebar luas. Pasien memiliki riwayat hemofilia A. Pemeriksaan dermatologis, beberapa nodul verukosa hiperpigmentasi bertangkai dengan batas teratur, garis yang jelas tersusun secara linier mengikuti garis Blaschko di daerah coli posterior. Hasil pemeriksaan dermoskopi menunjukkan pola sirkular hiperpigmentasi dengan struktur epidermis eksofitik dan pola serebriform. Pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan hiperkeratosis, akantosis, papilomatosis minimal, dan deposit melanin dengan kepadatan ringan-sedang. Pasien didiagnosis dengan nevus unius lateris dan diterapi bedah listrik. Pasien diberikan antibiotik sistemik oral dan analgesik selama lima hari setelah prosedur dan disarankan untuk kontrol pada hari ketiga, dan pengangkatan jahitan dilakukan pada hari ketujuh. Kesimpulan: Beberapa perawatan medis dan bedah telah dicoba, tetapi tidak ada pengobatan yang ideal atau dapat diterima secara universal. Namun, kekambuhan dapat terjadi berbulan-bulan atau bertahun-tahun setelah pengangkatan lesi dengan metode apa pun. Terapi dengan bedah listrik dapat dipilih untuk membantu mencegah perdarahan yang mungkin terjadi setelah prosedur melalui target hemostasis dan untuk kerusakan jaringan superfisial.

Combination Therapy of Topical Antioxidant Gel and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Pyoderma Gangrenosum Ulcer: A Case Report Kamilah, Lian; Bobby Febrianto; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan; Harijono Kariosentono
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 8 No. 8 (2024): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v8i8.1046

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare necrotic ulcerative skin disease, often associated with an underlying systemic condition. Bacterial coinfection in PG can worsen the course of the disease and slow healing. Case presentation: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with PG of her left leg complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infection. The patient had a history of poorly treated psoriasis. The diagnosis is made based on disease history, physical examination, microbiological examination, and histopathological examination. The patient was treated with oral levofloxacin and topical combination therapy of astaxanthin and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with wound debridement. Significant clinical improvement was achieved within six weeks. Conclusion: PG with bacterial coinfection requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment to achieve optimal results. Topical therapy combining astaxanthin and PRP with wound debridement proved effective in this case.

Combination Therapy of Topical Antioxidant Gel and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Pyoderma Gangrenosum Ulcer: A Case Report Kamilah, Lian; Bobby Febrianto; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan; Harijono Kariosentono
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 8 No. 8 (2024): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v8i8.1046

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare necrotic ulcerative skin disease, often associated with an underlying systemic condition. Bacterial coinfection in PG can worsen the course of the disease and slow healing. Case presentation: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with PG of her left leg complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infection. The patient had a history of poorly treated psoriasis. The diagnosis is made based on disease history, physical examination, microbiological examination, and histopathological examination. The patient was treated with oral levofloxacin and topical combination therapy of astaxanthin and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with wound debridement. Significant clinical improvement was achieved within six weeks. Conclusion: PG with bacterial coinfection requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment to achieve optimal results. Topical therapy combining astaxanthin and PRP with wound debridement proved effective in this case.

Systematic review of the advantages of trichloroacetic acid and electrocautery therapy in verruca vulgaris Kamilah, Lian; Adjie, Sugih Primas; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 16, No 3, (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol16.Iss3.art8

Verruca vulgaris (VV), a cutaneous disorder associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), presents as a benign proliferation of keratinocytes. Verruca vulgaris therapy with destructive methods such as trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and electrocautery is the most commonly used therapeutic modality. The study aims to assess the therapeutic efficacy and clinical benefit of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and electrosurgery in managing VV by synthesising evidence from clinical studies or case series. Systematic review adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To ensure the collection of accurate and relevant information, literature searches were conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library covering publications from 2014 to 2023. Twelve studies were included, comprising eight articles on TCA and four articles on electrosurgery. Trichloroacetic acid achieved a maximum cure rate of 93.3% while electrosurgery reached 100%. During six-month follow-up period, TCA showed no recurrence (0%), whereas electrosurgery had a recurrence rate of 21,9%. Electrocautery has more advantages than TCA with a higher cure rate. Even though it has a higher cure rate, electrocautery has a higher recurrence rate with more severe side effects than TCA.

Tatalaksana Platelet Rich Plasma Pada Pasien Chronic Venous Leg Ulcer Adjie, Sugih Primas; Kariosentono, Harijono; Mulianto, Nurrachmat; Dharmawan, Nugrohoaji; Primisawitri, Pratiwi Prasetya
Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): JURNAL LOCUS: Penelitian dan Pengabdian
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/locus.v4i12.4872

Latar belakang: Ulkus kronis pada ekstremitas bawah salah satunya yaitu ulkus venosum. Ulkus venosum didefinisikan sebagai lesi terbuka antara sendi lutut dan pergelangan kaki yang terjadi karena penyakit vena. Tantangan dalam mengobati VLU adalah kekambuhan yang sering terjadi maka terapi luka tingkat lanjut harus dipertimbangkan. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) sebagai terapi adjuvan pengobatan ulkus venosum dan menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan. Kasus: Seorang laki-laki berusia 55 tahun dengan keluhan luka yang sulit sembuh sejak dua tahun yang lalu. Pemeriksaan status dermatovenereologi pada regio ekstremitas inferior desktra nampak ulkus multipel dengan ukuran terbesar 9 cm x 5 cm x 0.5 cm, dengan dasar eritem dan serum tanpa disertai pus, nekrosis, nekrotik dan darah. Pasien memiliki riwayat hipertensi dan obesitas derajat II dengan Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) 44,29. Pasien diberikan terapi Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) setiap tujuh hari, Kompres luka dengan cairan NaCl 0,9% selama 10 menit dilanjutkan dengan mupirosin 2% salep dan ditutup dengan menggunakan plester hidrokoloid yang dilakukan per 24 jam. Evaluasi pada minggu ke-6 terapi PRP, pasien menunjukkan adanya perbaikan klinis pada luka. Diskusi: Kandungan PRP terdiri dari banyak faktor pertumbuhan untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka dan angiogenesis. Trombosit mengandung faktor pertumbuhan yang memicu efek biologis yang merupakan kunci dalam proses perbaikan dan regenerasi jaringan.

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