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Journal : Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching

EFL Teacher Agency Across Contexts: A Mixed-Methods Study of Instructional Problem-Solving in Urban and Rural Schools Farmasari, Santi; Herayana, Desi; Suryaningsih, Hartati; Munandar, La Ode Alfin Aris; Aditia, Yusril
Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/sj.v10i2.2216

Abstract

Background: EFL teaching in Indonesian urban and rural schools have been experiencing persistent challenges due to linguistic, cultural, geographical and resources differences. However, these conditions have not been portraited from ecological persepctive of agency. Therefore, this study examines EFL teacher agency and instructional problem-solving in urban and rural Indonesian classrooms Methodology: This mixed-method study involves 129 EFL instructors (85 from rural schools, 44 from urban schools) who completed a survey, and 35 submitted reflective journals. Quantitative data were assessed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were evaluated through thematic analysis. Findings: Both urban and rural EFL teachers faced similar classroom issues like low motivation, vocabulary gaps, and speaking anxiety, though rural teachers linked them to limited resources and urban teachers to distractions and pressure. Urban teachers showed stronger and more consistent agency, especially in autonomy, professional growth, and future goals, while rural teachers drew on deep personal motivation but were often hindered by local challenges. Conclusion: The study shows that teachers’ ecological past experiences, present conditions, and future goals shaped how they solved problems. Rural teachers relied on local resources and flexible strategies, while urban teachers used creative, student-centered methods to build autonomy and global skills, pointing to the need for context-specific support and policies that empower teacher-led innovation. Originality: This study offers how teacher agency is lived out in the everyday problem-solving of EFL classrooms, not just in teachers’ beliefs or intentions. By comparing rural and urban contexts in Indonesia, it reveals how agency looks different across settings and highlights the creativity and resilience of teachers, especially in resource-challenged schools.
Predicting Future Identity of English For Young Learner (EYL) Teachers: Investigating How Coursework Shapes Pre-Service Teachers' Identities and Teaching Readiness Farmasari, Santi; Wardana, Lalu Ali; Baharuddin; Suryaningsih, Hartati
Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/sj.v11i1.2344

Abstract

Background: Research on English language teacher education has largely emphasized practicum experiences in shaping professional identity and teaching readiness. However, limited attention has been given to how coursework in English for Young Learners (EYL) programs contributes to early identity formation. This gap warrants closer empirical examination Methodology: A total of 121 students enrolled in EYL courses were invited to participate, and 50 of them gave their consent. Data were collected through reflective journals and a Likert-scale questionnaire. Findings: Thematic analysis revealed four recurring themes: evolving teacher identity, teaching readiness, impactful coursework components, and aspirations for future practice. Quantitative findings supported these insights, with a strong correlation found between meaningful coursework experiences and students’ visions for their future classrooms. While many participants felt intellectually prepared, some expressed concerns about emotional readiness, underscoring the need for supportive, hands-on learning environments. Conclusion: The study concludes that coursework has formatively built not only the pre-service teachers’ skills, but also a strong and sustainable sense of who they are and hope to be as future EYL educators. Originality: Grounded in English for Young Learners pedagogy, this study foregrounds coursework as a critical site of early professional identity formation for pre-service EYL teachers. Moving beyond practicum-centered ELT research, it provides mixed-method evidence of how child-centered, play-based, and reflective coursework shapes identity, teaching readiness, and future classroom enactment in an EFL context.