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All Journal Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy) Majalah Obat Tradisional INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Kartika Kimia Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Pharmacoscript Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Journal of Health and Dental Sciences Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Riset Informasi Kesehatan Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Kartika : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Jurnal Farmasi Galenika Jurnal Info Kesehatan
Fikri Alatas
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Sudirman, Cimahi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Karakteristik Selulosa Mikrokristal dan Proses Delignifikasi pada Isolasinya dari Berbagai Sumber Limbah Alami: Characteristics of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Delignification Process on Its Isolation from Various Natural Waste Sources Alatas, Fikri; Permana, Setia
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 6 No. 5 (2024): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v6i5.2005

Abstract

The use of microcrystalline cellulose in the pharmaceutical field is generally used as an excipient in tablet dosage forms. Microcrystalline cellulose is produced from the process of isolating alpha cellulose from various natural wastes through several stages of the process. One of the stages of the isolation process is the separation of lignin from cellulose or known as the delignification process which is the most difficult process stage. This literature review aims to determine the characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose and its isolation process from various natural wastes. This review article was written based on 38 national and international journal articles published in the last 10 years (2013-2023) after being screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Microcrystalline cellulose can be analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the results of the analysis can show identity, purity, crystallinity index, and morphology. Most alkali treatments in the delignification process use sodium hydroxide and/or sodium sulfite followed by a bleaching process with sodium chlorite or hydroxy peroxide depending on the part of the plant. The delignification process for soft plant parts, such as leaves and fruit skin, generally uses sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite solutions, while for harder plant parts, for example stems, sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite are usually used. Keywords:          microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose sources, characteristics, delignification   Abstrak Pemanfaatan selulosa mikrokristal dalam bidang farmasi umumnya digunakan sebagai eksipien dalam bentuk sediaan tablet. Selulosa mikrokristal dihasilkan dari proses isolasi selulosa alfa berbagai limbah alami melalui beberapa tahapan proses. Salah satu tahap proses isolasi adalah pemisahan lignin dari selulosa atau delignifikasi yang merupakan tahapan proses yang paling sulit. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik khas selulosa mikrokristal dan proses delignifikasi dari berbagai limbah alami. Artikel review ini ditulis bersumber dari 38 artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional yang terbit pada 10 tahun terakhir (2013-2023) setelah dilakukan penapisan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Selulosa mikrokristal dapat dianalisis dengan metode Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) dan hasil analisis tersebut bisa menunjukkan identitas, kemurnian, indeks kristalinitas, dan morfologinya. Sebagian besar perlakuan alkali pada proses delignifikasi menggunakan natrium hidroksida dan atau natrium sulfit yang dilanjutkan dengan proses pemutihan dengan natrium klorit atau hidroksi peroksida yang bergantung pada bagian tanamannya. Proses delignifikasi di bagian tanaman yang lunak, seperti daun dan kulit buah umumnya menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida dan natrium klorit, sementara untuk bagian tanaman yang lebih keras, seperti batang menggunakan natrium hidroksida dan natrium sulfit. Kata Kunci:         selulosa mikrokristal, sumber selulosa, karakteristik, isolasi, delignifikasi
Physical Interaction between Curcumin and Paracetamol in the Binary Mixture and Its Impact on the Solubility of Curcumin Fikri Alatas; Susi Sunarty Sigalingging; Citra Permata Sari; Fahrauk Faramayuda; Sundani Nurono Soewandhi
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Pharmacy, Vol. 21 No. 01 Juli 2024
Publisher : Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/pharmacy.v0i0.15170

Abstract

Curcumin, found in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), is a pharmacologically active component with hepatoprotective properties. In addition to alleviating pain, the synergistic effects of paracetamol protect the liver from harm. Oral solid dose formulations of curcumin have low bioavailability due to its low solubility. This study aims to characterize the physical interactions that occur in the binary mixture of curcumin and paracetamol and to determine its impact on the solubility of curcumin. The curcumin-paracetamol binary mixture with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio was prepared by a wet grinding method with the addition of a small amount of ethanol. The characterization of the physical interactions in the wet milling result was carried out using a powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Evaluation of physicochemical properties was carried out by testing its solubility in water and its dissolution rate in 40% v/v ethanol. The PXRD pattern of the curcumin-paracetamol milling result did not show any new peaks that were different from the typical peaks of the two components (curcumin form I and paracetamol form 1). The thermogram DSC of the binary mixture curcumin-paracetamol (1:1) only showed one wide endothermic transition at 151.2°C which is below the melting point of curcumin and paracetamol which is thought to be the melting point of the eutectic mixture of curcumin-paracetamol (1:1). The solubility of curcumin from the curcumin-paracetamol (1:1) milled binary mixture was 8.3-folds higher than that of pure curcumin. The dissolution rate of curcumin from the wet milling of the curcumin-paracetamol binary mixture (1:1) was also faster than that of pure curcumin. The research results can be concluded that wet milling of the binary mixture of curcumin-paracetamol (1:1) with a little ethanol shows a physical interaction with the formation of a simple eutectic mixture between the two substances which has an impact on increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of curcumin.
Chitosan-Based In-Situ Gels for Topical Drug Delivery: A Review of Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects Alatas, Fikri; Ammarullah, Wahyu
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinis (JIFFK)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v23i1.14216

Abstract

Topical drug delivery systems are rapidly evolving to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Among these, in-situ gelling systems that transition from a sol to a gel state in response to physiological stimuli have emerged as a highly promising platform. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, as a cornerstone polymer for the development of advanced in-situ gels. This paper, based on a systematic literature review of 63 articles published between 2015 and 2025, explores the formulation, characterization, and application of these intelligent delivery systems. Key findings highlight chitosan's exceptional properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesion, which are crucial for effective topical therapy. The review details the primary gelation mechanisms, such as pH, temperature, and ion sensitivity that enable controlled, localized drug release. Furthermore, it summarizes extensive preclinical evidence demonstrating the versatility of chitosan-based gels in various applications, including ocular, nasal, wound healing, and even nose-to-brain drug delivery, where they significantly improve bioavailability and prolong residence time. While challenges like poor solubility and weak mechanical strength persist, innovative solutions involving polymer blending and chemical modification are effectively expanding their functional capabilities. This review concludes that chitosan-based in-situ gels represent a sophisticated and adaptable platform poised to advance next-generation, non-invasive therapeutics.
Formulation Strategy to Prevent Sticking in Calcium Carbonate–Cholecalciferol Chewable Tablets: The Role of Citric Acid Ratih, Hestiary; Gosepa, Oke Setiawan; Alatas, Fikri; Sutarna, Titta Hartyana
JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN Vol 24 No 1 (2026): JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN
Publisher : Research and Community Service Unit, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31965/infokes.Vol24.Iss1.2325

Abstract

The sticking phenomenon is a critical issue in the production of calcium carbonate–cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) chewable tablets, primarily driven by the hygroscopicity and reactivity of citric acid, which is used as a flavor-masking agent. This study aims to evaluate and determine the optimal method for mitigating sticking by modifying citric acid excipients using two approaches: granulation with mannitol (F1: 0.5%, F2: 1%) and coating with HPMC (F3: 0.5%, F4: 1%). The evaluation was conducted on the properties of the granule mass and quantitatively measured the percentage of sticking in industrial-scale modifications for 24 hours. The results showed that the control formula (F0), without modification, had the lowest sticking percentage (10.88%) and the highest moisture content (3.36%), as indicated by a "passable" flow property with a compressibility index of 21.47%. The 1% HPMC coating modification method (F4) was successful in eliminating stickiness to 0%, supported by moisture-control data (2.25%) and a significant improvement in powder-flow properties to “fair,” with a compressibility index of 17.06%. Although the 1% mannitol granulation method (F2) is relatively effective in reducing stickiness (0.85%), the 1% HPMC coating (F4) is more effective at physically isolating citric acid. This study concludes that the HPMC coating method is superior to the granulation method for physically isolating citric acid, yielding stable, non-sticking calcium carbonate–cholecalciferol chewable tablets.      
Co-Authors Abdul Azizsidiq, Fahmi Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo, Afifah Bambang Alisha Ramadhanty Ludin Alya Nur Asilla Ammarullah, Wahyu Anggraeni Wulan Angraeni, Wulan Asih Rahaju Aulia Rachmadian Bella Dewinta Saraswati Bintary, Dyan Citra Permata Sari Dery Stiawan Dessy Adriani Putri Diamona Ayu Lestari Dina Apriani Dini Tereslina Dolih Gozali Dzaza Syahidatul Alamiah Elivas Simatupang Endah Wahyuni Erina Sifa Mutmainah Euis Reni Yuslianti, Euis Fahrauk Faramayuda, Fahrauk Faizal Hermanto Fani Wahyuni Fani Wahyuni, Fani Febrianti, Mia Fitria Hanako Gladdis Kamilah Pratiwi Gosepa, Oke Setiawan Haq, Fahmy Ahsanul Hartyana Sutarna, Titta Hernandi Sujono Hesti Kurnia Hestiary Ratih Iis Inayati Rakhmat Ine Rosmala Dewi Ismunandar Ismunandar Jessie Sofia Pamudji Karin, Amada Kintan Putri Nur Shafarkiani Lucky Rachmawan Lucy D. N. Sasongko Lucy Sasongko Mia Agustin Moch. Reza Pratama Muliana, Muliana Nadira Cantika Putri Ananda Nira Purnamasari, Nira Nur Achsan Al-Hakim Pratama, Moch. Reza Pratiwi, Gladdis Kamilah Prianto, Ulla L. F. Purwoko, Agus Qotrunnada, Daffa Rachmah, Mutia Alifah Rahayu, Novitri Sri Raisa Fakhrona Salman Rani Sugandi Rani Sugandi, Rani Ratih Hestiary Ratih, Hestyari Regita Ayu Lestari Resina Hajar Ririn Puspadewi, Ririn Risanteni Riskasari Riskia Putri Peratiwi Riskia Putri Peratiwi, Riskia Putri Setia Permana Sintia Resni Pratiwi Suci Nar Vikasari, Suci Nar Sukmadjaja Asyarie Sundani N. Soewandhi Sundani Nurono S. Sundani Nurono Soewandhi Susi Sunarty Sigalingging Syahidatul Alamiah, Dzaza Titta H. Sutarna Tresa Tri Rayani Tresa Tri Rayani, Tresa Tri Tresna Lestari, Tresna Woro Artati Sucipto Wulan Anggraeni Yesi Desmiaty, Yesi Yoga Windhu Wardhana Yoga Windu Wardhana Zwista Yulia Dewi