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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

Development of hybrid COA-WCA multi-objective optimization of microgrid hybrid renewable energy system: A case study of Nusa Penida Sugirianta, Ida Bagus Ketut; Giriantari, Ida Ayu Dwi; Ariastina, Wayan Gede; Swamardika, Ida Bagus Alit
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 4 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62158

Abstract

This study proposes a hybrid metaheuristic that combines the Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) and the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) to improve multi-objective optimization of a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HRES) for Nusa Penida Island. Such islanded systems must balance investment cost, operational reliability, and renewable curtailment while facing stochastic weather and demand. The optimization therefore targets simultaneous minimization of cost of energy (COE), loss of power supply probability (LPSP), and dummy load (DL) as key indicators of affordability, adequacy, and energy-utilization efficiency. A sequential Hybrid COA–WCA framework is implemented using an annual time-series of electrical demand and local renewable-resource profiles. Candidate solutions encode the main HRES components, including photovoltaic generation, wind generation, battery storage, and conventional backup biodiesel generation, while respecting practical operating limits. Multi-objective optimization is handled using a weighted-sum formulation, subject to standard power-balance, component-operating, and reliability constraints. The proposed approach is benchmarked against standalone COA, WCA, and WOA under multiple uncertainty scenarios that perturb techno-economic parameters and resource–load conditions. The Hybrid COA–WCA achieved the lowest mean objective value (mean f = 0.87274; min = 0.82136; max = 0.92409) and the best final-iteration mean of 0.87258 compared with COA (0.87303), WCA (0.87367), and WOA (0.87756). The optimized design delivered COE = 1.388, LPSP = 0.03180, and DL = 6,609.025 on average across scenarios. Robustness analysis also indicates faster stabilization and the smallest end-of-run fluctuation range (0.82136–0.92409), confirming improved convergence stability relative to the benchmark algorithms. Overall, the Hybrid COA–WCA provides a stable and competitive optimization approach for HRES sizing under uncertainty, yielding consistently high-quality solutions that support planning and decision-making for island microgrids.
Co-Authors A.A Ngurah Amrita Abdul Hafiz Haqqi Aceng Sambas, Aceng Adiatmika, I G. Adinata Mas Pratama Agus Selamet Duniaji Anak Agung Gede Maharta Pemayun Anak Agung Gede Oka Kessawa Adnyana Ananta Wijaya Andika, I Gede Irvan Pramanta Andri Ferdiansyah Ari Putra Wijaya Darma Kotama, I Nyoman Devin Gede Herawan Dewa Gede Wahyu Adi Prayoga Duman Care Khrisne Endang Widuri Asih firmansyah maualana sugiartana nursuwars Gede Ardi Herdiana Hernandi, William Hijriatullah, Rizal Umarhandi I Dewa Putu Sutjana I Gede Dyana Arjana I Gst Agung Putu Raka Agung I Gusti Made Bagus Kurniawan I Gusti Ngurah Anom Cahyadi Putra I Gusti Ngurah Priambadi I Gusti Ngurah Wira Partha I Kadek Agus Arta Yasa I Kadek Dwi Arta Saputra I Ketut Gede Suhartana I Made Arsa Suyadnya i made bayu bakti kusuma negara I Made Krisna Dinata I MADE MULIARTA . I Made Oka Widyantara I MADE SUDARMA I Made Sutajaya I N Satya Kumara I N. Lanus I N. Surata I Nyoman Budiastra I Nyoman Budiastra I Nyoman Gunantara I Nyoman Setiawan I Nyoman Sumitra Tanaya I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya I Nyoman Sutarja I P G. Adiatmika I Putu Ari Wijaya I Putu Astya Prayudha I Putu Elba Duta Nugraha I Putu Hardy Sarjana I Putu Sugi Almantara I Putu Sugi Almantara I Putu Wahyu Eka Suryawan I W. A. Wijaya I Wayan Arta Wijaya I Wayan Arta Wijaya I Wayan Bandem Adnyana I WAYAN SANTIYASA I Wayan Sukerayasa I.M. Benny P.W. I.W.A Wijaya Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari Ida Ayu Sri Adnyani Ida Bagus Adisimakrisna Peling Ida Bagus Adnyana Manuaba Ida Bagus Dwijaya Kesuma Ida Bagus Surya Paramarta Iing . ' Indah Sri Handari Adiputra Indra Christian, Febry Iskandar, Adi Panca Saputra IW Dani Pranata Kheri Arionadi Shobirin Komang Oka Saputra l Gusti Ngurah Janardana Lie Jasa Luh Made Indah Sri Handari Adiputra Made Dinda Pradnya Pramita Made Dwi Mulyawan Made Sudarma Made Sudarma Made Yogi Hendrayanto Maghfirotul Iffah Mariani, Fitri Muliarta, I M. N Utami Wedanti Ngakan Putu Satriya Utama Ngakan Putu Satrya Utama Ngurah Yowana Asta Prawangsa Ni Wayan Sri Ariyani Ni Wayan Sri Aryani Nurul Hiron, Nurul Oka Saputra, Komang Ontoseno Penangsang Pande Ketut Sudiarta, Pande Ketut Pande Made Agus Yudi Adnyana Philipus Novenando Mamang Weking Pratolo Rahardjo Prihastini, Komang Angga Putu Aryasuta Wicaksana Putu Widiadnyana ., Putu Widiadnyana Putu Wira Buana R.S. Hartati Rukmi Sari Hartati Salmon, Ersa Agnes Sedana, I Made Bagus Ambara Shofa, Rahmi Sugirianta, Ida Bagus Ketut Susy Purnawati Tjok Gede Indra Partha Triwayuni, I Gusti Ayu Wahyudin Wahyudin Wayan Gede Ariastina Wayan Gede Ariastina Wibisana Hadi Chandra Widyadi Setiawan Yoga Divayana Yogiswara Dharma Putra Yogiswara Dharma Putra