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Retno Anggraini
Universitas Bandar Lampung
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Journal : Biotropika

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CaCO3-Reformulated Interlocking Bricks: Physical Characterization and Their Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential for Healthy Housing Djati, Muhammad Sasmito; Rachmawati, Turniningtyas Ayu; Anggraini, Retno; Zacoeb, Achfas; Rifa`i, Muhaimin; Minang, Bony Zulkarnaen; Kusuma, Kavana Hafil; Prima, Alex; Christina, Yuyun Ika
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.01.01

Abstract

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has many benefits for medicine, manufacturing, and nanotechnology due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Interlocking bricks (i-bricks) are widely used in sustainable housing for efficient air circulation and reducing humidity inside the house. If CaCO3 is mixed with interlocking brick, it can inhibit bacterial growth, leading to a healthier indoor environment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the physical characterization and antibacterial activity of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick, and its anti-inflammatory potential in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The physical characterization of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick (F1-F10 formulas), including its density, compression, and absorption, was analyzed. The inhibitory activity of CaCO3-reformulated i-brick on S. typhimurium growth was determined using a linear regression equation between culture age and cell density values. BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=4): healthy mice (N), S. typhimurium-infected mice (S), S. typhimurium-infected mice treated with F6 formula (F6) and F7 formula (F7) for 7 days. After 7 days of treatment, lymphocytes were isolated to determine the relative number of TGF-beta, interleukin (IL)-10, and TNF-alpha using flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that formulas 6 and 7 of CaCO3-reformulated i-bricks exhibited optimal physical properties, including density, compression, and water absorption. These formulas also inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium. Furthermore, formulas 6 and 7 possessed anti-inflammatory effects in S. typhimurium-infected mice indicated by the high increase in IL-10 and TGF-beta production and low levels of TNF-alpha. In conclusion, CaCO3 brick formulation can inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Further investigation is needed to reveal the effect of CaCO3-reformulated i-bricks on another inflammatory marker to further elucidate its anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Co-Authors Achfas Zacoeb Achmad Suryadi Nasution Ari Wibowo Arman Paramansyah Arroniri, M. Ridho Azhari, Intan Putri Azizah, Lilik Ma’rifatul Azizah, Meiana Nur Carmelita, Aulina Fatimatul Putri Nur Devi Permatasari Dewi Maryam Dian Puspita Sari Edhi Wahyuni Edhi Wahyuni Setyowati Eristia Arfi Erni Susilawati, Erni Evi Marlina, Evi Fadli , Muhammad Fadli, Muhammad Firdaus, Adhimas Miftahul Firnanda Alfarobi, M. Bagus Fulvya.Hy , Mc. Ginardi, Ireneus Petrico Gita Hilmi Prakoso, Gita Hilmi HADYPUTRI, RANIE WIDYANINGSIH Harist Al-farizi, Ahmad Hasanah, Mamluatul Hendro Suseno Hiffasya Gunawan, Nabila Husnul Fata, Tenggo Indah Lestari, Indah Indraddin Irwan Irwan Irwan, Sri Efrinita Judijanto, Loso Kusuma, Kavana Hafil M. Hamzah Hasyim Mardikawati, Budi Marlin, Khairul Minang, Bony Zulkarnaen Moch Sasmito Djati Muhammad Sajidin Muliawati Mustika, Mira Noor, Dear Michiko Mutiara Novitasari , Ani Oktaviani, Reza Yetri Ozariyadi, Laurin Atika Padma Devia, Yatnanta Prastiwi, Aswin Dwi Prima, Alex Putra, Willy Aryansah Pratama Putri, Astari Amalia Rahmawati P, Dhita Rizki Rasyad, Himyar Raya, Beta Taufiq Refdi Akmal, Refdi Rifa`i, Muhaimin Rio Eka Nugraha, Rio Eka Ristinah Syamsudin Robach, Choerur Ruzikna " Setyowati, Edhy Wahyuni Siti Nurlina Siti Samsiah, Siti Sitorus, Chintya Sri Sat Titi Hamranani Suharni, Sitti Sulaeman Sulaeman Suryanti, Dewi Suyadi Suyadi Tantrisna, Ellen Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati Ulyani, Maya Utami, Helidatasa Windriani, Dian Yanti, Mahardini Syahputri Yovana, Nagesta Mayke Heryan Yunita Angelina Yusuf, Nabil Mochammad Yuyun Ika Christina