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All Journal Jurnal Legalitas Al-Mizan (e-Journal) Jurnal Dinamika Hukum Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Hasanuddin Law Review JURNAL CENDEKIA HUKUM Jurnal Al Himayah Jurnal Ilmu Hukum The Juris Jambura Law Review GANEC SWARA Al Ahkam PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Borneo Law Review Journal Journal of Law and Policy Transformation Jurnal Abdidas jurnal syntax admiration UNISKA LAW REVIEW Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (IJCLC) RIO LAW JURNAL Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan The International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research Akuntansi dan Humaniora: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Comprehensive Science Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial (JHPIS) Indonesian Journal of Contemporary Multidisciplinary Research Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Damhil Law Journal Estudiante Law Journal Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora dan Seni JPNM : Jurnal Pustaka Nusantara Multidisiplin Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum Journal of Innovative and Creativity Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora YUDHISTIRA : Jurnal Yurisprudensi, Hukum dan Peradilan International Journal of Law and Society Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora Terang: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Al-battar: Jurnal Pamungkas Hukum Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Academia Open Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Sosial
Fenty U. puluhulawa
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
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Cohabitation Offences Balance Morality and Privacy in Criminal Code: Delik Kohabitasi Menyeimbangkan Moralitas dan Privasi dalam KUHP W. Yantu, Safrizal; U. Puluhulawa, Fenty; Imran, Suwitno Yutye
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13684

Abstract

General Background Cohabitation regulation in the National Criminal Code reflects a major transformation in criminal law reform by placing morality, marriage protection, legal certainty, and privacy within one normative framework. Specific Background Articles 411–412 regulate sexual intercourse outside marriage and living together as husband and wife outside a valid marriage, while positioning both provisions as complaint-based offences with restricted complainants. Knowledge Gap The absence of an operational definition of “living together as husband and wife” creates legal uncertainty, multiple interpretations, potential enforcement disparities, and risks of overcriminalization in citizens’ private lives. Aims This study describes the configuration of cohabitation offences in Articles 411–412, including offence elements, legal subjects, complaint mechanisms, and enforcement structure, and compares them with morality offences under the old Criminal Code. Results The findings show that cohabitation is formulated as living together as husband and wife outside legal marriage and is constructed as an absolute complaint offence, with complainants limited to husband or wife, parents, or children. The National Criminal Code expands the scope of criminalization beyond overspel in the old Criminal Code and shifts the criminal paradigm from an individualistic-colonial model to a communal-nationalistic model. Novelty This study clarifies the juridical configuration of cohabitation offences as a compromise between public morality and individual privacy. Implications Criminal law should operate as ultimum remedium through precise formulation, strict complaint limits, and proportional enforcement. Highlights • Absolute complaints restrict prosecution to parties with direct legal standing.• Broader criminalization shifts the paradigm from colonial to national values.• Ambiguous wording creates risks of uncertainty and enforcement disparity. Keywords Cohabitation Offences; Criminal Code; Absolute Complaint; Legal Certainty; Public Morality
Co-Authors Achir, Nurvaria Adam, Abdul Karim Ade Rizkia Arumdani Rusdi Adelina Harun, Amanda Afandy Hermawan, Mohamad Agus Susanto Ahmad Agusanto Neu Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Ahmad Alex Rahim, Magfira Ali, Abdul Rahman A. Amanda Adelina Harun Amanda Adelina Harun Anggraini Y. Djafar Apripari, Apripari Avelia Rahmah Y Mantali Badu, Linawaty Wadju Bagus Wicaksono Bara Firmansyah Bella Putri Hunowu Bempa, Sofyan Winandi Putra Cahyani Tute Cindai Goni Dano, Siti Nurfadilah M Dg Malanye, Matra Dhea Ifanda Mantali Dian E. Ismail Dian Ekawati Ismail Dian Ekawati Ismail Dian Ekawaty Ismail Dian Ekawty Ismail Diani, Silvana Djasman, Shandy Djumarding, Arifuddin Dolot Alhasni Bakung Eris Novianto Erman I. Rahim Fadlillah, Ananda A. Fatmawaty Thalib Fence M Wantu Fenny Haslizarni Fikri, Moh. Firmansyah Umar Fitran Amrain Hamid Tome, Abdul Handayani, Distya Putri Hendra Dude Heny Moedji Rahayu Hikmah Karim, Nur Hilala, Pardi Hiola, Mohamad Anshar Hunowu, Bella Putri Irianto Tiranda Irwandi Ibrahim Isa, Muhammad Firmansyah Johan Jasin Jufryanto Puluhulawa Julisa Aprilia Kaluku Julius T. Mandjo Kasim, Nurhalisa Kasim, Nurmaya KATRIN WULANDARI MO’O Krisboy Joe Valentino Purba Kurniawan Kadir, Muhamad Khairun Ladiku, Muhammad Amin Lessy, Andi Azrial Oppier Lisnawaty W. Badu Lusi Margareth Tijow Lusiana Margareth Toijow Madamba, Wiranda Putri Makrun Makrun Mamonto, Ambarwati Mamu, Karlin Mamu, Karlin Z Mandjo, Julius T. Mantali, Avelia Rahmah Y Mantali, Avelia Rahmah Y. Mawarni Karim Maya Lasena Modeong, Riri S Moh Vazri Damopolii Moh. Gufran Katili Moh. Vazri Damopolii Mohamad Adam Mohamad Arif Asiari Mohamad Danial Puluhulawa Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar Mohamad Rivaldi Moha Mohammad Abdi Lanjahi Mohammad Ridhoni Djafar Mohammad syahrir DJ.Pano Mokodongan, Indryati Muhamad Khairun Kurniawan Kadir Muhammad Amin Ladiku Nani, Achmad Rifaldy Nina Mirantie Nirwan Junus Novendri M Nggilu Nur Mohamad Kasim Nurul Fajri ElFikri Nurul Fazri Elfikri Nuvazria Achir Oktavia Namira Daud, Tiara Paruki, Novia Rahmawati A. Piloto, Ainun Pracaya, Nikodemus Puluhulawa, Jufryanyo Putra, Muhammad Yusuf Putri Regina Datunsolang Rauf, Abdusalam Ridwan A. Jula Ridwan Dilapanga Roy Djordy Satingi Rusmelyanti, Rusmelyanti Rustam, Moh. Revandi Sabali, Lindawati Safrizal W. Yantu Sahali, Gustilawati Setyo Utomo Sri Nanang Meiske Kamba Suryani Intan Pratiwi Puwa Suwitno Yutye Imran Taufiq Zulkifli Sarson, Mohamad Thalib, Fatmawaty Tijow, Lusiana M. U. Puluhulawa, Rusdianto Umar, Firmansyah Umar, Supriandi Vanessa Veronica Vifi Swarianata W. Yantu, Safrizal Waladow, Abdul Rahmat Waode Mustika Weny Almoravid Dungga Y. Djafar, Anggraini Y. Mantali, Avelia Rahmh Yusuf, Sakila Rahmania Zamroni Abdussamad