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All Journal Jurnal Sain Veteriner Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) JURNAL PETERNAKAN Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia JITRO (Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis) Partner Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Peternakan JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Sciences) Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan IGKOJEI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Theresia Nur Indah Koni
Jurusan Peternakan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Penurunan Kadar Tanin Silase Kulit Pisang dengan Menggunakan Berbagai Aditif T. N. I. Koni; T. A. Y. Foenay
Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Vol 15, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31186/jspi.id.15.3.333-338

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan karbohidrat mudah larut sebagai aditif terhadap kandungan tanin, bahan kering protein kasar dan lemak kasar silase kulit pisang. Metode eksperimen digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Tiga perlakuan adalah (P0) silase kulit pisang tanpa aditif; (P1) silase kulit pisang dengan penambahan bekatul 5%; (P2) silase kulit pisang dengan penambahan tapioka 5%. Parameter yang diukur adalah tanin, bahan kering, dan kadar protein kasar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan jika berpengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dedak padi 5% dan tapioka 5% menurunkan tanin masing-masing 41% dan 43% tanin bila dibandingkan dengan silase tanpa aditif,peningkatan kandungan protein sebesar 19,7% dan 46,4% dan peningkatan kadar lemak kasar sebesar 6,95% dan 33,3% bila dibandingkan dengan silase tanpa aditif.
Pengaruh Berbagai Aditif terhadap Kandungan Serat Kasar dan Mineral Silase Kulit Pisang Kepok: The effect of various additives on crude fiber and mineral content of kepok banana peels silage Hieronymus Yohanes Chrysostomus; Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Ve
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46549/jipvet.v10i2.100

Abstract

Abstract Banana peels are rarely utilized as feedstuff alternatives due to their high content of crude fiber. Crude fiber can be reduced by biological treatment, specifically by making silage. One of the factors that influence the quality of silage is additives in the form of soluble carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to examine crude fiber, calcium, and phosphorus banana peels silage by adding different additives. The silage of banana peel in this study used soluble carbohydrates such as rice bran, tapioca starch, and palm syrup, followed with a 21 days fermentation. This study was conducted with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were: P0 = banana peels without additives, P1 = banana peels + 5% rice bran, P2 = banana peels + 5% tapioca starch, P3 = banana peels + 5% palm syrup. Parameters measured in this study were the content of crude fiber, Ca, and P. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the inclusion of rice bran, tapioca starch, and palm syrup by 5% reduce the crude fiber amount while also increase calcium and phosphorus levels in banana peels. The inclusion of tapioca starch as an additive by 5% had the highest reduction of crude fiber. The highest increase in calcium and phosphorus levels were obtained by adding 5% rice bran as a silage additive. The conclusion is the inclusion of soluble carbohydrates as additives not only reduce crude fiber content but also increase mineral content in banana peels. Keywords: Banana peels; Crude fiber; Calcium; Phosporus Abstrak Kulit pisang jarang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif, karena kadar serat kasar yang tinggi. Serat kasar dapat dikurangi dengan proses pengolahan biologi yaitu dengan pembuatan silase. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas silase adalah aditif silase seperti karbohidrat mudah larut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kadar serat kasar, kalsium, dan fosfor kulit pisang yang ditambahkan aditif yang berbeda. Pembuatan silase kulit pisang dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa karbohidrat mudah larut seperti dedak padi, tepung tapioka dan gula air dan difermentasi selama 21 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah: P0 = silase kulit pisang tanpa aditif, P1 = kulit pisang +5% dedak padi, P2 = kulit pisang + 5% tapioka, P3 = kulit pisang + 5% gula air. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kandungan serat kasar, Ca dan P. Data dianalisis anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dedak padi, tapioka dan gula air sebanyak 5% menurunkan serat kasar, dan meningkatkan kadar kalsium dan fosfor kulit pisang. Penurunan serat kasar tertinggi tertinggi pada penggunaan tapioka sebagai aditif dan mineral kalsium dan fosfor tertinggi pada penggunaan 5% dedak padi sebagai aditif silase. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan karbohidrat mudah larut sebagai aditif mampu menurunkan kadar serat kasar dan meningkatkan kandungan mineral pada kulit pisang. Kata kunci: Kulit pisang; Serat kasar; Kalsium; Fosfor
Karkas Ayam Broiler Yang Diberi Umbi Amorphophallus companulatus: Carcass Of Broiler Chickens Fed with Amorphophallus companulatus Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Tri Anggarini Yuniwaty Foenay; Hieronymus Yohanes Chrysostomus
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Ve
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46549/jipvet.v11i1.135

Abstract

Abstract Amorphophallus companulatus (AC) is a plant from the Araceae family that contains high metabolizable energy and an alternative feedstuff for livestock. This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding diet containing AC on slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. For the sample, 112 broiler chicks, all a day old (DOC) were used. The research had 4 treatment groups and 4 replications with 7 birds per replication. The four treatments were P0 (Control ration without AC); P1 (rations containing 5% of AC); P2 (rations containing 10% of AC); P3 (rations containing 15% AC). Slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight data were analyzed by variance analysis and followed by Duncan's multiple range test with a confidence level of 0.05. The addition of AC tubers affected the slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight of broiler chickens. The slaughter and carcass weight in chickens fed with the control ration was significantly (P <0.05) higher than the chicken fed with rations containing AC. The abdominal fat weight was significantly (P <0.05) higher in chickens fed with control rations compared to those fed with AC rations. In conclusion, AC tuber meal in the ration can reduce the slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight of broiler chickens. Keywords: Abdominal fat; Amorphophallus companulatus; Broiler; Carcass weight; Final body weight. Abstrak Amorphophallus companulatus (AC) merupakan Araceae yang mengandung energi metabolisme yang tinggi dan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif bagi ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan AC dalam ransum terhadap bobot potong, berat karkas, dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 35 hari. Seratus dua belas ekor ayam broiler umur sehari digunakan dalam penelitian. Ada 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan masing-masing 7 ekor ayam per ulangan. Keempat perlakuan tersebut adalah P0 (Ransum kontrol tanpa AC); P1(ransum yang mengandung 5% AC); P2 (ransum yang mengandung 10% AC); P3 (ransum yang mengandung 15% AC). Data berat potong, berat karkas dan berat lemak abdominal dianalisis dengan analisis varians dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,05. Pemberian umbi AC berpengaruh terhadap berat badan akhir, berat karkas dan berat lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Berat badan akhir, berat karkas pada ayam yang diberi ransum kontrol secara nyata (P <0,05) lebih tinggi daripada ayam yang diberi ransum mengandung AC. Bobot lemak abdominal secara nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggi pada ayam yang diberi ransum kontrol dibandingkan yang diberi ransum AC. Kesimpulannya, tepung umbi AC dalam ransum dapat mengurangi berat badan akhir, berat karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Lemak abdominal; Amorphophallus companulatus; Broiler; Berat karkas; Berat badan akhir.
Kecernaan In Vitro Kulit Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) yang Difermentasi Cairan Rumen Kambing : In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Peanut Hull (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Goat Rumen Fluid Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Herlina Bulu; Bachtaruddin Badewi
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Ve
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46549/jipvet.v12i1.280

Abstract

Abstract  Peanut shell is one of the agricultural waste that can be optimized its uses as ruminant animal feed. However, the limitation in the feed were due to high lignin content that reach 34.30%. Fermentation by goat rumen fluid can improve nutrients and the digestibility of feedstuffs. The purpose of this study was to determine dry matter and organic matter digestibility by in vitro of fermented peanut hull using goat rumen fluid. Peanut hull fermentation with goat rumen fluid used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were P0: fermented peanut hull without goat rumen fluid, P1: fermented peanut hull using 25% goat rumen fluid, P2: fermented peanut hull using 30% goat rumen fluid, P3: fermented peanut hull using 35% goat rumen fluid. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that goat rumen fluid had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on dry matter and organic matter of fermented peanut hull. However, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter had affected significantly (P<0.05)  by fermented peanut hull. It was concluded that utilization of 25% goat rumen fluid could increase in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter of fermented peanut hull. Keywords: Dry Matter; Goat Rumen Fluid; In Vitro Digestibility; Organic Matter; Peanut Hull.   Abstrak  Kulit kacang tanah merupakan salah satu limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan ruminansia. Namun kadar lignin yang tinggi mencapai 34,30% membatasi pemanfaatannya. Fermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing dapat memperbaiki nutrien dan kecernaan bahan pakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara in vitro kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik kulit kacang tanah hasil fermentasi oleh cairan rumen kambing. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses fermentasi kulit kacang tanah dengan menggunakan cairan rumen kambing. Fermentasi kulit kacang tanah dengan cairan rumen kambing menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0: fermentasi kulit kacang tanah fermentasi tanpa cairan rumen, P1: kulit kacang fermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing 25%, P2: kulit kacang fermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing 30%, P3: kulit kacang fermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing 35%. Kulit kacang tanah yang telah dicampur dengan cairan rumen kambing sesuai perlakuan kemudian dimasukan ke dalam toples dan ditutup rapat, difermentasi selama 21 hari. Hasil fermentasi ini kemudian dilakukan penguji kecernaan in vitro sesuai dengan perlakuan pada proses fermentasinya. Data hasil pengukuran kecernaan secara in vitro dianalisis dengan analisis varians dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cairan rumen kambing tidak berpengaruh nyata (P> 0,05) terhadap  kadar bahan kering dan bahan organik kulit kacang tanah, tetapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik kulit kacang tanah. Disimpulkan bahwa 25% cairan rumen kambing dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering in vitro dan bahan organik kulit kacang tanah. Kata Kunci: Bahan kering; Bahan organik; Cairan rumen kambing; Kecernaan in vitro; Kulit kacang tanah
FRAKSI SERAT TEPUNG KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN CAIRAN RUMEN KAMBING KONI T. N. I.; M. SITU
Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan Vol 25 No 1 (2022): Vol 25, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/MIP.2022.v25.i01.p03

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the fiber fraction of banana peel meal fermented by goat rumen flu- id. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. Four treatments were CR0: kepok banana peel meal + 0% goat rumen fluid, CR30: kepok banana peel meal + 30% goat rumen fluid, CR40: kepok banana peel meal + 40% goat rumen fluid, CR50: kepok banana peel meal + 50 % goat rumen fluid. This fermentation process during seven days. The variables observed were NDF, ADF, hemycellulosa, cellulose, and lignin. The data on the fiber fraction of banana peel meal was analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Duncan s multiple range tests. NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of banana peel meal fermented by goat rumen fluid was lower than that without goat rumen fluid. The conclusion in this study was that the use of 30% goat rumen fluid contained ADF of 31.84%, NDF of 45.03%, cellulose of 13.27% and hemicellulose of 13.53% of kepok banana peel meal.
USAHA PENGGEMUKAN BABI POLA KEMITRAAN DI KELURAHAN TUATUKA, KABUPATEN KUPANG: PERSYARATAN MUTU PAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN MIKOTOKSIN Catootjie Lusje Nalle; Helda Helda; Theresia N.I Koni; Cytske Sabuna; Stormy Vertigo
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Peternakan Vol 7, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Peternakan
Publisher : Jurusan Peternakan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (524.657 KB) | DOI: 10.35726/jpmp.v7i1.666

Abstract

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan peternak dalam penggemukan ternak babi yang aman dan sehat untuk dikonsumsi. Tujuan jangka panjangnya adalah meningkatkan pendapatan peternak babi di desa Tuatuka, Kabupaten Kupang.  Kegiatan PKM ini telah dilaksanakan pada tahun  2022 di kelompok tani Sehati di kelurahan Tuatuka, Kabupaten Kupang.  Sebanyak 8 ekor ternak babi fase grower yang terdiri dari 5 ekor jantan dan 3 ekor betina digunakan dalam kegiatan PKM ini dan dipelihara selama 6 bulan. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komplit ternak babi fase grower yang diproduksi di Pabrik Mini Pakan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang. Metode pelaksanaan PKM ini adalah demonstrasi plot, penyuluhan dan diskusi. Pakan yang diproduksi dan diserahkan kepada kelompok Tani Sehati merupakan pakan yang aman dan sehat. Persyaratan mutu pakan dan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian dampak racun jamur merupakan materi penyuluan yang disampaikan kepada kelompok tani Sehati. Hasil PKM menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan keterampilan anggota kelompok tani Sehati tentang persyaratan mutu pakan, racun jamur dan bahayanya serta upaya kontrol kualitas pakan babi saat produksi dan selama penyimpanan meningkat. Simpulannya, kegiatan PKM meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok tani Sehati untuk beternak babi yang aman dan sehat untuk dikonsumsi.Kata kunci : Aflatoksin, kontrol kualitas, kualitas pakan, okratoksin A, racun jamur
Kandungan nutrien kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca) yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing Maria Theresia Sa'o; Tri Anggarini Yuniwaty Foenay; Theresia Nur Indah Koni
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan Vol 4 No 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional content of fermented Kepok banana peel flour (Musa paradisiaca) by goat rumen liquid. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments were P0: Kepok banana peel flour + 0% goat rumen fluid (control), P1: Kepok banana peel flour + 30% goat rumen fluid, P2: Kepok banana peel flour + 40% goat rumen fluid, P3: Kepok banana peel flour + 50% goat rumen fluid. The fermentation process was carried out for 7 days. The results of this study showed that the use of goat rumen fluid changed (P<0.05) the nutrient content of fermented Kepok banana peel flour. The use of 50% goat rumen fluid increased crude protein and crude fat content, however reduced the dry matter and crude fiber content of Kepok banana peel flour.
The Vermicidal Activity of Water Extract Two Types of Ethnopharmacology Against Haemonchus contortus in Kacang Goat (Capra hircus) In-vitro I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan; Suryawati -; Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Redempta Wea
Jurnal Sain Veteriner Vol 40, No 2 (2022): Agustus
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada bekerjasama dengan PB PDHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsv.70779

Abstract

This research aims at determining the differences in the vermicidal activity between EADMAN and EADMDV in-vitro based on concentration and treatment time. It encompassed three groups of concentrations of EADMAN and EADMDV solution (2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% from 0.2 g/mL each extract solution), a group of negative control (aqua pro injection), and a group of positive control (Oxfendazole 0.055%). The EADMAN and EADMDV was diluted in 1.5 mL aqua pro injection, then placed on petri dish with a concentration of 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5% of 0.2 g/mL extract solution. Eight worms placed on each petri dish afterwards. The effectivity of EADMAN and EADMDV was determined based on the percentage of dead worms. The dead and live worms was counted from each immerse group for 1, 3, 5, 7 hours with four replications for each treatment. The vermicidal activity was indicated by touching the worms using a spatula; if it did not react, it was put in warm water. If the worms did not move, it was declared as the dead one, otherwise it was paralysed. Data of effective concentration from both extracts against vermicidal activity was analyzed using a two-way Anova, followed by Tukey test (P>0.05). The result showed the vermicidal activity of 2,5% EADMDV was significantly greater than 4.5% EADMDV, the negative control, and EADMAN at all concentrations. Meanwhile, its difference to 3.5% EADMDV and positive controls revealed insignificant results statistically. Therefore, 2.5% concentration of EADMDV with 7 hours of immersions gave the most effective vermicidal activity against Haemonchus contortus.
Carcass and Tibia Bone of Broiler Chickens Fed Amorphophallus companulatus tubers Fermented by Bacillus subtilis Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Zuprizal; Rusman; Chusnul Hanim
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Vol. 32 No. 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2022.032.03.04

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fermented Amorphophalllus companulatus (AC) tubers by Bacillus subtilis on the final weight, carcass weight, and tibia bone of broiler chickens. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. One hundred and twelve eight days old male broilers of the New Lohmann strain were used for the study. There were four treatment groups and four replications with seven birds per replicate. The four treatments were 1) a control diet without FAC, 2) a diet with 5% FAC, 3) a diet with 10% FAC, and 4) a diet with 15% FAC. The variable observed were final weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, percentage of carcass weight, length, and weight of tibia bone. The result showed that feeding FAC tubers meal did not affect (P>0.05) final weight, carcass weight, the percentage of carcass weight, length, and weight of tibia bone. Feeding FAC tuber meal up to 15% had lower (P<0.05) abdominal fat than feeding control dietary. In conclusion, fermented AC by Bacillus subtilis can be used up to 15% in broiler diets without adversely affecting carcass weight and tibia bone.
KADAR TANIN, KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR SILASE KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) DENGAN ADITIF GULA AIR Theresia Nur Indah Koni; Yulianus Ugu; Helda Helda
Partner Vol 27, No 2 (2022): Edisi November 2022
Publisher : Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35726/jp.v27i2.1045

Abstract

Banana peel is a potential alternative feed source, but its use is limited by its tannin content. Tannins bind proteins, and minerals and reduce protein digestibility. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of palmyra sugar liquid (PSL) on tannin, calcium, and phosphorus levels of banana peel silage. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were GA0: banana peel without PSL, GA2: banana peel + 2% PSL, GA4: banana peel + 4% PSL, and GA6: banana peel + 6% PSL. A mixture of banana peels and PSL was put into a plastic jar while compacted. Then tightly closed and fermented for 21 days. Variables observed were the tannin, calcium, and phosphorus content of banana peel silage. The results showed that the PSL level had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the tannin, calcium, and phosphorus content of kepok banana peel silage. The use of 4% water sugar can reduce tannin levels and has the highest levels of calcium and phosphorus of kepok banana peel silage.Key Words:  Banana peel, Calcium, Fermentation, Phosphorus, Tannin 
Co-Authors . Helda, . Abineno, Jemseng Charles Abner Tonu Lema Agustinus Komi Agustinus Paga Aholiab Aoetpah Alex Sandro Liu Andrijanto Hauferson Angi Antonius Jehemat asrul, asrul asrul Bachtaruddin Badewi Bernadete B. Koten Bernadete Barek Koten Catootjie L. Nalle, Catootjie L. Chrysostomus, H. Y. Chusnul Hanim Cystke Sabuna Cystke Sabuna Cytske Sabuna, Cytske D. T. Tabun Deko, Maria Karolina Eny Rohyati Herlina Bulu I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan, I Gusti Komang I Ketut Jaya Jublina Bale-Therik Laisnesi, Melkisua Lodofikus Tori M. SITU Maria Theresia Sa'o Maryati Namah Ndolu, Devi A.J. Paga , Agustinus Paga, Agustinus Petrus Malo Bulu, Petrus Pieter Rihi Kale Randu, Melkianus Dedy Same Redempta Wea Redempta Wea Rusman Stormy Vertigo Stormy Vertygo Suek, Ferdinan Suharjono Suryawati Suryawati Tri Anggarini Foenay, Tri Anggarini Tri Anggarini Yuniwaty Foenay Vertigo , Stormy Wehelmina Wahon Yeria Banoet Yulianus Ugu Zuprizal (Zuprizal)