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Ardi Kurniawan
STMIK Amikom Yogyakarta
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Modelling the Prevalence of Stunting in Toddlers Aged 6 – 23 Months in Indonesia with Approaches Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Generalized Additive Model Aflaha, Nabila Shafa; Oktavia, Sabrina Salsa; Kurniawan, Ardi
JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) Vol 10, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jtam.v10i2.35644

Abstract

Stunting remains a major global public health issue, marked by growth failure caused by long-term nutritional deficiencies in early childhood. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence among children under five was reported at 21.5% in 2023. This study employs an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design to examine nutritional factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia, using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Secondary data were obtained from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), encompassing 36 provinces. Stunting prevalence was defined as the response variable, while predictor variables included the consumption of animal-source protein, sweetened beverages, unhealthy foods, and the lack of fruit and vegetable intake. The analysis began with descriptive statistics and was followed by MARS and GAM modelling. Model performance was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The findings indicate that the GAM model outperformed MARS, achieving a higher R² 0.7734 and a lower RMSE 2.5968, compared to MARS with an R² of 0.7319 and an RMSE of 2.8249. While MARS effectively identified structural changes through hinge functions, GAM offered greater modelling flexibility via smooth functions. Among the examined factors, animal-source protein intake showed the strongest association with stunting, followed by the consumption of sweetened beverages and unhealthy foods, whereas inadequate fruit and vegetable intake exhibited a weaker relationship. Overall, both approaches were effective, although GAM demonstrated superior predictive capability for provincial-level stunting analysis.
Co-Authors Abdillah, Adrian Wahyu Abdul Rochim Adriadi, Rekho Aflaha, Nabila Shafa Alda Fuadiyah Suryono Alfinda Novi Kristanti Alghifary, M Husain Haekal Alisiah, Rindiani Ahmada Aminy, Aisyah Ananda, Vanisia Suci Anggakusuma, Aurellia Calista Anto Andreawan Arisa Olivia Putri Ariyawan, Jovansha Ayanti Kristantini, Rr Az Zuhro, Muhammad Rosyid Ridho Azizah, Khansa Baskoro , Harjo Boy Firmansyah Brainvendra Widi Dionova Budijono, Gabriella Agnes DENOK SETIAWATI Dewanti, Maria Setya Dita Amelia Dita Amelia, Dita Easyfa Wieldyanisa, Ezha Elly Ana Faizun, Nurin Fajrina, Sofia Fatmawati Fatmawati Fauziah, Nathania Febiyola, Tiara Febri FIRMANSYAH, MOCHAMMAD Fizkadana, Canada Mewa Gunawan, Syifa’ Azizah Putri Herdianto, Muhammad Hendra Hermawan, Mohamad David Ibrahim, Rahmat Agung Idrus Syahzaqi Insania Dewanty, Sanda Jihadi , Hilman Kalista, Yovita Karin Kurniawan Harminsyah Baharuddin Kusuma Wardhana, Feri M. Fariz Fadillah Mardianto M.Riduan Abdillah Mahadesyawardani, Arinda Maharani, Prima Marisa Rifada Marthabakti, CitraWani Meliana, Relin Mufida, Amanda Rosidatul Muhammad Setiyawan Najini, Robby Naura, Sheila Sevira Asteriska Nera Umilia Purwanti, Nera Umilia Niam, Mohamad Faiqun Nilasari, Inas Nur Azizah Nur Chamidah Nuraini Purwandari Nuraini, Risa Nurrohmah, Zidni Ilmatun Oktavia, Sabrina Salsa Pratiwi, Firda Aulia Previan, Anggara Teguh Putri, Larisa Mutiara Rahmanita, Tentri Ryan Ramadhani, Azzah Nazhifa Wina Ramadhanti, Aulia Reswara, Aqil Azmi Rimuljo Hendradi Riza Firdaus, Muhammad Sa'idah, Andini Sadikin, Adnan Syawal Adilaha Salsabila, Ailsa Shafa salsabila, safira Santoso, Rifaldi Wahyu Saputra, Kalvin Sari, Ni Wayan Widya Septia Sediono, Sediono Sentosa, Martha Ayu Siagian, Kimberly Maserati Siregar, Naufal Ramadhan Al Akhwal Smith, Khalid Al Hadring Sri Indarti Suyono, Billy Christandy Syahputra, Bimo Okta Syalsabila, Regitha Rianda Syarif, Devi Mufidah Titi Darmi Toha Saifudin Ubaidillah, Aziz Ulandari, Kartini Putri Valida, Hanny Vanisa, Davina Shafa Wahyu Subekti, Cahya Arsyika Widyangga, Pressylia Aluisina Putri Widyawati, Ayu Widyawati, Ayu Zulva Wulan Safitri, Wulan Wulandari, Nuryuliana Yasir Hadiani Yuswanita, Lativa