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All Journal LINK Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik Journal Of Vocational Health Studies Jurnal Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia (JMIKI) SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan Journal of Applied Health Management and Technology MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia Journal of Social Research Journal Of World Science Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Lentora PELS (Procedia of Engineering and Life Science) International Journal of Health Science and Technology Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Welcome: Wealth Community Empowerment
Siti Masrochah
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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PENGEMBANGAN MONITOR PERSONAL DOSIMETRI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PLATE DETECTOR GUNA MENUNJANG KESELAMATAN RADIODIAGNOSTIK Masrochah, Siti; Darmini, Darmini; Nui, Muhammad; Soewondo, Arie; Agusyahbana, Farid; Prakoso, Dimas; Jannah, Marichatul
Jurnal LINK Vol 19 No 1 (2023): MEI 2023
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/link.v19i1.9674

Abstract

Setiap personil radiasi yang melakukan pelayanan radiodiagnostik wajib menggunakan monitor personal dosimetry. tetapi karena harganya mahal, tidak semua personel pekerja radiasi difasilitasi oleh tempat bekerjanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat desain pengembangan alat monitor radiasi menggunakan Imaging Plate (IP). Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis Research and development dengan pendekatan eksperimental dan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitina menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas respon terbaik pada Image Plate Computed Radiography merek iCRco diperoleh dengan menggunakan faktor eksposur tegangan 90 kV dengan arus 6,3 mAs dan 8 mAs, energi sinar-X yang diserap oleh lapisan fosfor (per mA per satuan luas) dihitung secara teoritis sebagai indeks sensitivitas radiografi dengan menggunakan spektrum foton sinar-X insiden dengan rumus Birch-Marshall dan spektrum sensitivitas untuk rentang 40-140 kV. Kesimpulan bahwa semua respon radiasi memberikan pengaruh indeks eksposure yang berbeda, sehingga masih diperlukan alat bantu pemantau serapan radiasi yang akan dikembangkan pada periode selanjutnya yaitu mendesain monitor yang mudah digunakan petugas. 
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Pandataan Warga Berbasis Sistem Informasi “Kampung Smart” Untuk Meningkatkan Upaya Preventif Di Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang Masrochah, Siti; Lestari, Sri; Fadhilah, Isnaini Qori; Naryanti, Indah; Erfansyah, Muhammad; Muncarsari, Ananda Wahyu; Setyaningrum, Aprilia; Alamsyah, Muhammad Indra Wahyu; Saputra, Oktavina Adi
Jurnal LINK Vol 21 No 1 (2025): MEI 2025
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/link.v21i1.12841

Abstract

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat dalam pengelolaan data kependudukan berbasis sistem informasi melalui program “Kampung Smart” di Kecamatan Tembalang, Kota Semarang. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah masih terbatasnya penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam mendukung kegiatan preventif berbasis data. Metode yang digunakan meliputi tahapan persiapan, pelatihan, implementasi sistem, serta evaluasi melalui survei dan diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi ini membantu mempercepat pencatatan dan pelaporan data warga, serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan preventif. Tingkat kepuasan masyarakat mencapai 97,4%. Kegiatan ini membuktikan bahwa kolaborasi antara teknologi dan literasi masyarakat dapat mendorong transformasi digital pada level komunitas.
Analysis of Patient Satisfaction With The Use of The Jkn Mobile Application At Godong Community Health Center Fadhilah, Isnaini Qoriatul; Masrochah, Siti; Lestari, Sri; Kusdianto, Eko Teguh
Procedia of Engineering and Life Science Vol. 6 (2024): The 3rd International Scientific Meeting on Health Information Management (3rd ISMoHI
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/pels.v6i0.1957

Abstract

BPJS Health implements a digital transformation in the form of the JKN mobile application. The JKN mobile application is expected to provide easy access and more optimal service for participants. The JKN Mobile Application is expected to simplify the registration process and improve the quality of health services [1]. A preliminary survey at the Godong 1 Health Center registration regarding the use of the Mobile JKN application was carried out in February 2023 on 10 BPJS Health patients, 5 patients said they were satisfied and 5 other patients said they were dissatisfied, 5 patients said they were dissatisfied due to user complaints, including: The application sometimes cannot be used if it is not updated immediately. This study aims to determine patient satisfaction with the quality of online registration for the JKN mobile application based on the dimensions of content, accuracy, format, ease of use, timelines at Godong Community Health Center. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The population and sample in this study were all BPJS Health participants who used the JKN mobile application, namely 226 participants and a sample of 70 respondents. The research results showed that the majority of respondents were satisfied with the quality of registration via the Mobile JKN application. Aspects of ease of use and speed of the registration process receive high ratings from patients [2]. Research shows that from the dimensions of content, 77.1% were satisfied and 18.6% were very satisfied, accuracy was 81.4% satisfied and 14.3% very satisfied, format was 84.3% satisfied and 11.4% very satisfied, ease of use expressed satisfaction 81.4 and very satisfied 14.3%, timelines expressed satisfaction 80% and very satisfied 15.7%.
BENEFITS OF STEEPING BLACK TEA AS A NEGATIVE CONTRAST MEDIUM ON CT UROGRAPHY EXAMINATION Yudha, Sagita; Hadisaputro, Suharyo Hadisaputro; Ardiyanto, Jeffri; Mulyantoro, Donny Kristanto; Masrochah, Siti
Journal of Applied Health Management and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Postgraduate Program , Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jahmt.v2i2.5697

Abstract

The use of water as a contrast medium requires large amounts of water to fill the lumen of the Urinary Tractus and more water is reabsorbed by the body than is secreted into urine. Steeping Black tea contains Caffeine which is able to increase blood flow in the kidneys thus inhibiting the process of absorption of Na, Ca and Mg causing stimulation of the kidneys to increase the amount of urine production. The purpose of this study is to prove that drinking black tea can increase urine production as a negative contrast medium to see differences in the distension and density of the Urinary Tract on CT Urography examination. This type of research uses True Experimental with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design research design. Patients selected by Simple Random Sampling. Analysis: Paired t test and Independent t test. The results of the study of the use of 600 ml steeping Black Tea as a negative contrast medium on CT Urography examination did not show the difference in mean difference between the left renal Pelvis p value 0.956, Left UVJ 0.640, Right UVJ 0.935 while on the right renal Pelvis p value 0.001 showed differences in mean difference between the left renal Pelvis p value 0.956, Left UVJ 0.640, Right UVJ 0.935 while on the right renal Pelvis p value 0.001 intervention and control group. Hasil pengukuran p value  densitas Vesika urinaria sebesar 0,678. Conclusion: Black tea can be used as a negative contrast medium on CT Urographic examination but when compared with mineral water it does not show a significant difference.
ANALYSIS OF IMAGE INFORMATION WHEN EMPLOYING THE DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING (DWI) SEQUENCES WITH ‘B’ VALUE VARIATION FOR INTRACRANIAL TUMOR CASE Putri, Maizza Nadia; W.S.K, Lydia Purna; Masrochah, Siti
Journal of Applied Health Management and Technology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Postgraduate Program , Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jahmt.v4i1.8242

Abstract

Background: One variation of pulse sequence used in MRI Brain examination is Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI). In the DWI sequence, the value of 'b' which the operator must choose when setting the parameters, affects the signal intensity. In radiology installations, radiographers often use a 'b' value of 1000 s/mm2 with various pathologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of setting the value of 'b' (1000.1500.2000 s/mm2) on image information and to determine the best setting of the three selected 'b' values in generating DWI signals for cases of intracranial tumors.Methods: This research is experimental study. This research uses MR GE 1.5 Tesla. 6 radiographic images were created with three 'b' value settings. Three radiologists then assessed areas of white matter, gray matter, proc. coronoid, basal ganglia and tumor lesions. The results were then analyzed using the Friedman statistical test.Results: The results showed that there were differences in signal intensity and image quality between the three setting values of 'b' with p value < 0.005. The mean rank indicates that the best setting 'b' value in producing high signal intensity in Basal ganglia, Proc. coronoid and tumor lesions is 1500 s/mm2 (Mean rank: 2.75 and 2.42). then for white matter and gray matter the best 'b' value setting is 1000 s/mm2 (average rating: 2.50).Conclusion: There is a significant difference in MRI Brain image information with variations in the "b" values of 1000 s/mm2, 1500 s/mm2 and 2000 s/mm2 with pulse sequence Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) using GE 1.5 Tesla MRI modality in patients with intracranial tumors (p < 0.05). Keyword : DWI , ‘b’ value,  Brain, Tumor, image information
EMPOWERING HEALTHY FOOD PRODUCTION OF "SOY BOB" SOY MILK FOR SMALL BUSINESS GROUPS IN MANGUNHARJO TEMBALANG SEMARANG Fatimah Fatimah; Siti Masrochah
Wealth Community Empowerment Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Juli 2024
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/welcomejournal.v1i2.11825

Abstract

This Soy Bob product is different from the soy milk that is usually circulated and known to the public. On the other hand, all works do not have patents or copyrights with their unique characteristics, as well as packaging management and marketing efforts. Likewise, this small soy milk culinary business is managed traditionally, both packaging and not having an AKG value, expired, as well as marketing efforts. Therefore, the aim of this community service is expected to be to strengthen the quality of small business products in the Mangunharjo Tembalang area. The population for this activity was residents of RW V, Mangunharjo Tembalang Village. The method used in this activity was a training approach, followed by program implementation by assisting certification, licensing and there was an evaluation at each stage will be carried out to obtain feedback and further improvement efforts. The results and discussions of this activity were the awareness and understanding of visitors regarding health and the importance of consuming soy milk and the NIB registration for Soy Bob soy milk had been registered. In addition, the NIB and PIRT registration guide for Small Businesses had been compiled, Soy Bob product booklets and books had been copyrighted. The conclusion from this activity was that it could be carried out well. There was increasing public awareness of the importance of "Soy Bob" soy milk for health. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the motivation of the assisted villages to produce other healthy food and drink products to improve health as well as to increase the income of the assisted villages.
Community Empowerment of Yellow Pumpkin Food Processing as an Alternative Snack to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus in The Community in Mangunharjo Tembalang Sub-District, Semarang City Fatimah Fatimah; Nanang Sulaksono; Yeti Kartikasari; Veny Nur Aini; Dimas Prakoso; Siti Masrochah
Wealth Community Empowerment Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/welcomejournal.v3i1.14408

Abstract

Mangunharjo Village is expected to realize a healthy village and improve health through efforts to establish healthy SMEs in the village. Besides its high nutritional value, pumpkin is easy to find, grow, and is affordable. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a basic ingredient in making alternative snacks for people with diabetes. The method used in this activity is a training approach, followed by program implementation with mentoring until certification and licensing. Each stage will be evaluated to obtain feedback and further improvement efforts. The results and discussions from this activity showed participants' awareness and understanding of health and the importance of replacing their consumption with healthier ingredients. Participants were able to process and package processed pumpkin products properly. Furthermore, a booklet and video guide on product processing were developed. This activity concluded that it was successfully implemented. There was increased awareness among residents about the importance of maintaining blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the motivation of the assisted villages to produce other healthy food and beverage products to improve health and increase their income.
Efektivitas Nilai PSNR dan Informasi Citra terhadap Kombinasi Teknik Bilateral Filter dan Non-Local Means sebagai Denoising pada Verifikasi Radioterapi Regio Pelvis Sukmasari, Nyoman Indah; Wibowo, Gatot Murti; Handoko, Bagus Dwi; Santoso, Bedjo; Masrochah, Siti
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v6i4.22131

Abstract

ABSTRACT The quality of radiotherapy verification images on a 6 MeV Linear Accelerator (Linac) often decreases due to noise generated by high energy, potentially reducing the accuracy of irradiation positioning and endangering surrounding healthy tissues. The combination of Bilateral Filter and Non-Local Means techniques is a denoising method designed to reduce noise while preserving important image details. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining these two techniques in improving the quality of pelvis region verification images, focusing on the quantitative parameter Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the qualitative parameter of image information. The research design used was Research and Development (RD) with 20 samples of anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projection verification images obtained from the Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) of a 6 MeV Linac at the Radiotherapy Unit of RSUD Dr. Moewardi. The denoising process was performed using Python–OpenCV. PSNR values were measured before and after denoising, while image information was assessed by four expert evaluators using a 1–5 scale checklist. Statistical analysis employed paired t-test or Wilcoxon test for PSNR, and Wilcoxon test as well as Cohen’s Kappa for image information. The results showed a significant increase in PSNR values in both projections (p 0.05) with an N-gain score of 59%–64%. Image information assessment also showed a significant improvement (p 0.05), with Cohen’s Kappa indicating moderate to strong agreement among evaluators. Therefore, the combination of Bilateral Filter and Non-Local Means has been proven effective in improving the quality of pelvis region radiotherapy verification images, potentially enhancing irradiation accuracy and patient safety. Keywords: PSNR, Bilateral Filter, Non Local Means, Radiotherapy.  ABSTRAK Kualitas citra verifikasi radioterapi pada Linear Accelerator (Linac) 6 MeV sering menurun akibat noise yang dihasilkan oleh energi tinggi, sehingga berpotensi mengurangi akurasi penentuan posisi penyinaran dan membahayakan jaringan sehat di sekitarnya. Kombinasi teknik Bilateral Filter dan Non-Local Means merupakan metode denoising yang dirancang untuk mengurangi noise sekaligus mempertahankan detail penting citra. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas kombinasi kedua teknik tersebut dalam meningkatkan kualitas citra verifikasi regio pelvis, dengan fokus pada parameter kuantitatif Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) dan parameter kualitatif informasi citra. Desain penelitian yang digunakan Adalah Research and Development (RnD) dengan 20 sampel citra verifikasi proyeksi AP dan lateral yang diambil dari Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) Linac 6 MeV di Instalasi Radioterapi RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Proses denoising dilakukan menggunakan Python–OpenCV. Nilai PSNR diukur sebelum dan sesudah denoising, sedangkan informasi citra dinilai oleh empat penilai ahli menggunakan lembar checklist skala 1–5. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji paired t-test atau Wilcoxon untuk PSNR, dan uji Wilcoxon serta Cohen’s Kappa untuk informasi citra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan nilai PSNR pada kedua proyeksi (p0,05) dengan N-gain skor 59%–64%. Penilaian informasi citra juga meningkat signifikan (p0,05), dengan nilai Cohen’s Kappa menunjukkan kesepakatan moderat hingga kuat antar penilai. Dengan demikian, kombinasi Bilateral Filter dan Non-Local Means terbukti efektif meningkatkan kualitas citra verifikasi radioterapi regio pelvis, yang berpotensi meningkatkan akurasi penyinaran dan keselamatan pasien. Kata Kunci: PSNR, Bilateral Filter, Non Local Means, Radioterapi.
Evaluasi Efektivitas Model U-Net untuk Segmentasi Citra Renal Scintigraphy pada Penilaian Fungsi Ginjal Gitawiarsa, I Putu Pande Wahyu; Guruh, Bambang; Dartini, Dartini; Mulyantoro, Donny Kristanto; Masrochah, Siti; Wibowo, Gatot Murti
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v6i4.22074

Abstract

ABSTRACT Renal scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine procedure commonly used to quantitatively assess kidney function and monitor various clinical conditions. Image analysis requires segmentation of the kidney’s region of interest (ROI), which is typically performed manually by experienced operators. This manual approach is time-consuming and prone to inter-observer variability. This study develops and evaluates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) U-Net model to perform automated ROI segmentation of the kidneys in Tc-99m DTPA–based renal scintigraphy images. The image dataset underwent preprocessing, normalization, and data augmentation, and was then split into training, validation, and testing sets. Model performance was evaluated using the Dice Coefficient on both validation and testing datasets. The results showed an average Dice Coefficient of 0.900 on the validation set and 0.889 on thetesting set. Frame-by-frame analysis demonstrated stable model performance across all acquisition phases, with Dice Coefficient values ≥ 0.87. These findings demonstrate that the U-Net model can accurately and consistently segment kidney ROIs, and has the potential to be integrated into clinical decision-support systems to enhance the efficiency and consistency of renal scintigraphy interpretation. Keywords: U-Net, Medical Image Segmentation, Renal Scintigraphy, Nuclear Medicine, Deep Learning.  ABSTRAK Renal scintigraphy merupakan prosedur kedokteran nuklir yang umum digunakan untuk menilai fungsi ginjal secara kuantitatif dan memantau berbagai kondisi klinis. Proses analisis citra memerlukan segmentasi region of interest (ROI) ginjal, yang umumnya dilakukan secara manual oleh operator berpengalaman. Metode manual ini memakan waktu dan rentan terhadap variabilitas antar- pengamat. Penelitian ini mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi model Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) U-Net untuk melakukan segmentasi otomatis ROI ginjal pada citra renal scintigraphy berbasis radiofarmaka Tc-99m DTPA. Dataset citra yang digunakan melalui proses pra-pemrosesan, normalisasi, dan data augmentation, kemudian dibagi menjadi data latih, validasi, dan uji. Evaluasi kinerja model menggunakan metrik Dice Coefficient pada dataset validasi dan uji. Hasil menunjukkan nilai rata-rata Dice Coefficient sebesar 0,900 pada data validasi dan 0,889 pada data uji. Analisis per frame menunjukkan stabilitas performa model di seluruh faseperekaman, dengan Dice Coefficient ≥0,87. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa model U-Net mampu melakukan segmentasi ROI ginjal secara akurat dan konsisten, serta berpotensi diintegrasikan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan klinis untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan konsistensi interpretasi citra renal scintigraphy. Kata Kunci: U-Net, Segmentasi Citra Medis, Renal Scintigraphy, Kedokteran Nuklir, Deep Learning.
Analisis Hambatan Pelaksanaan Sistem Rekam Medis Elektronik Pada Bagian Pendaftaran Rawat Jalan Di Rsud Dr. Rm. Djoelham Binjai: Penelitian Belen Arya Gina Barus; Siti Masrochah
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan Volume 4 Nomor 4 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jerkin.v4i4.6211

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) merupakan mandat wajib sesuai Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 24 Tahun 2022. Meskipun RME memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, pelaksanaannya di rumah sakit masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan struktural dan manajerial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hambatan penerapan RME pada bagian pendaftaran rawat jalan di RSUD Dr. RM. Djoelham Binjai berdasarkan kerangka 5M (Man, Money, Material, Machine, dan Methode) serta dikaitkan dengan Model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) dan DeLone & McLean. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci (petugas pendaftaran, kepala ruangan rekam medis, dan operator RME), observasi lapangan, ceklis dokumen, serta pengukuran waktu tunggu pelayanan. Keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan RME memberikan Net Benefit yang signifikan, ditandai dengan peningkatan efisiensi waktu pelayanan sebesar 68%, di mana rata-rata waktu tunggu pendaftaran pasien berkurang dari 10 menit menjadi 3 menit. Sistem RME memiliki tingkat Perceived Usefulness (PU) yang tinggi karena mampu mempercepat proses kerja dan meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan. Namun demikian, ditemukan beberapa hambatan utama, terutama pada faktor Material, yaitu tidak tersedianya atau tidak berfungsinya cadangan daya listrik (UPS/genset) yang berisiko terhadap keandalan sistem. Pada faktor Man, masih terdapat keterbatasan kemampuan petugas dalam mengoperasikan RME secara optimal akibat belum tersedianya modul pelatihan resmi. Faktor Money dan Machine dinilai relatif mendukung, namun masih memerlukan perencanaan pemeliharaan berkelanjutan.Kesimpulan: Penerapan RME di RSUD Dr. RM. Djoelham Binjai telah meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan rawat jalan secara signifikan. Namun, keberlanjutan manfaat RME (Net Benefit) masih terancam secara fundamental oleh risiko struktural, khususnya pada aspek material (infrastruktur kritis), man (kompetensi SDM), dan methode (kebijakan dan legalitas formal).
Co-Authors Agustina Dwi Prastanti Aisyah Amalia Dewita Rachmani Alamsyah, Muhammad Indra Wahyu Amnesti, Merry Ardi Soesilo Wibowo Arie Soewondo Ary Indra Wicaksono Ary Kurniawati Ary Kurniawati Asharul Fahyudi Atin Nikmawati Ayu Mahanani Bagus Abimanyu Bagus Dwi Handoko, Bagus Dwi Bambang Satoto Bambang Satoto, Bambang BE, Marsum Bedjo Santoso Kadri Belen Arya Gina Barus Catharina R., Celine Darmini Darmini Darmini Darmini Darmini Darmini Dartini Dartini Dartini Dartini, Dartini Dewi Susanto, Revina Dimas Prakoso Dimas Prakoso Dimas Prakoso Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro Dwi Rochmayanti Dwi Rochmayanti Edy Susanto edy susanto Edy Susanto Emi Murniati Endriasari, Endriasari Erfansyah, Muhammad Fadhilah, Isnaini Qori Fadhilah, Isnaini Qoriatul Farid Agusyahbana Farid Agusyahbana, Farid Fatimah Fatimah Fatimah Fatimah Fitri Agustina Fransisca Palupi Julanita Gatot Murti Wibowo Gatot Murti Wibowo, Gatot Murti Gitawiarsa, I Putu Pande Wahyu Golo, Zefan Adiputra Guruh, Bambang Hadisaputro, Suharyo Hadisaputro Handi Sumarsono Hengky Saefulloh IM Dwitya Surya Wrddhi Putra Indah Naryanti Irmawati Irmawati Irwan Katili J. Sudin Surbakti Janita Limbong, Rosari Jannah, Marichatul Jannah, Marichatul Jeffri Ardiyanto Kurniawati, Ary Kusdianto, Eko Teguh Latifah, Lenny Legif Leboka Sepra Leny Latifah Leny Latifah Leny Latifah Lidya Purna WS Kuntjoro Lina Choridah Lina Umboro Setyowati Luthfi Rusyadi Lydia Purna W.S.K M.Irwan Katili Made Nia Cahya Dewi Mahanani, Ayu MAIZZA NADIA PUTR Maria Ermelinda Teme Muhammad Erfansyah Muhammad Nui Muncarsari, Ananda Wahyu Murti Wibowo, Gatot Nanang Sulaksono Nanang Sulaksono, Nanang Nanik Sudaryatmi Nanik Sudaryatmi Naryanti, Indah Novelsa Chintya Prabawati Nui, Muhammad Nur Wijayanti Nurdianty Yunitaningrum Rasyid Rasyid Retno Wati Rinda Yuliana Lestar Rini Indrati Rini Indrati Rini Indrati Rismawati Dian Aretnasih Rizky Dika Hermawan Rudy Kurniawan Sagita Yudha Saputra, Oktavina Adi Sari, Yeti Kartika Serfina F., Eunike Setya - Wijayanta Setyaningrum, Aprilia Simeon Alfredo Tabe Doa Siti Daryati Soesilo Ardi Wibowo Soewondo, Arie Sri Lestari Sri Mulyati Sri Mulyati Sri Mulyati Sri Wahyuni Subinarto . Subinarto Subinarto Suharyo Hadisaputro Hadisaputro Sukmasari, Nyoman Indah Surya Wrddhi Putra, IM Dwitya Suryo Saputro, Annila Syahara Listyawan Tezar Ridho Ramadhani Veny Nur Aini W.S.K, Lydia Purna Wati, Retno Yeti Kartikasari Yeti Kartikasari Yeti Kartikasari Yeti Kartikasari Yeti Kartikasari Yeti Kartikasari, Yeti Yuliana F., Ayu