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Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Yang Tidak Sesuai Dengan Luas Tanah Sengketa: Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Debitur Dan Pihak Ketiga Ummi Maskanah; Yossi Prasetiyo; Tita Apriliani; Dea Putri Aprilian
Science and Education Journal (SICEDU) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Science and Education Journal 2026
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/sicedu.v5i2.550

Abstract

Eksekusi hak tanggungan merupakan mekanisme penting dalam penyelesaian kredit bermasalah. Namun, permasalahan hukum muncul ketika objek yang dieksekusi tidak sesuai dengan luas tanah yang tercantum dalam Sertipikat Hak Tanggungan (SHT), yang berpotensi merugikan debitur dan pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaturan hukum eksekusi hak tanggungan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 (UUHT), akibat hukum dari ketidaksesuaian luas tanah, serta upaya hukum yang tersedia bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksesuaian luas tanah dapat mengakibatkan pembatalan eksekusi, tuntutan ganti rugi berdasarkan perbuatan melawan hukum, dan ketidakabsahan peralihan hak kepada pembeli lelang. Upaya hukum yang tersedia meliputi perlawanan eksekusi (verzet), gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum, dan permohonan pembatalan ke Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Diperlukan reformasi regulasi berupa kewajiban uji tuntas fisik objek jaminan, digitalisasi data pertanahan, dan penguatan klausul tanggung jawab mutlak bagi kreditur yang lalai.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM HILIRISASI INDUSTRI: STUDI KRITIS PELANGGARAN HAM REMPANG Ummi Maskanah
Journal Justiciabelen (JJ) Vol 6 No 01 (2026): January
Publisher : Univeristas Suryakancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35194/jj.v6i01.6181

Abstract

Kebijakan hilirisasi industri merupakan strategi pembangunan ekonomi nasional yang bertujuan utama untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah sumber daya alam domestik. Namun, pada tataran praktis, implementasi kebijakan ini seringkali memicu timbulnya konflik vertikal dengan masyarakat lokal, khususnya terkait sengketa hak atas tanah dan kedaulatan ruang hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hak masyarakat dalam kebijakan hilirisasi tersebut serta mengkaji potensi pelanggaran HAM pada kasus Rempang secara mendalam. Metodologi penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan mengadopsi pendekatan yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan serta diperkuat dengan penelitian lapangan guna memperoleh data primer yang akurat. Seluruh data tersebut dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai objek penelitian secara sistematis, mendalam, dan terstruktur sesuai dengan permasalahan hukum substantif yang sedang dikaji oleh peneliti secara kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan hilirisasi, meski didukung UU 3/2020 dan UU 6/2023, belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip HAM. Terlihat adanya pengabaian hak tanah (Pasal 6 dan 18 UUPA), hak hidup sejahtera (Pasal 9 UU HAM), serta hak lingkungan hidup (Pasal 28H UUD 1945). Kewajiban negara pun belum optimal sehingga berpotensi melanggar hak ekosob dan bertentangan dengan ketentuan ICESCR. Dibutuhkan pendekatan berbasis HAM melalui partisipasi, transparansi, serta akuntabilitas nyata.
Electronic Cross-Border Business Contract Dispute Resolution Model for MSMEs from a Formal Law Perspective Cicin Nurpasha; Ummi Maskanah
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): July - December
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v6i1.2302

Abstract

The development of globalization and digital technology has accelerated cross-border electronic commerce, creating broader market opportunities for MSMEs while increasing the risk of legal disputes arising from differences in jurisdictions and legal systems. This study aims to identify the most appropriate, adaptive, and legally feasible dispute resolution model for resolving cross-border electronic business contract disputes involving MSMEs from a formal legal perspective. This research employed a descriptive-analytical method using a normative legal approach supported by empirical data obtained through interviews. The study analyzed primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through qualitative legal analysis to examine the legal framework governing cross-border electronic contracts and dispute resolution mechanisms. The findings indicate that conventional litigation and existing alternative dispute resolution mechanisms remain inadequate for MSMEs due to high costs, lengthy procedures, limited access to justice, and jurisdictional challenges. In contrast, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) offers a more effective model by providing greater efficiency, flexibility, and accessibility in resolving cross-border electronic business contract disputes. The implementation of ODR is legally supported by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, particularly Article 5, which recognizes electronic documents as valid legal evidence, and Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, particularly Article 4(3), which recognizes electronic communications in dispute resolution. However, Indonesia still requires a comprehensive legal framework governing ODR implementation, institutional authority, and enforcement to strengthen legal certainty and improve legal protection for MSMEs. This study contributes to the development of Indonesian commercial law by proposing a formal legal framework integrating ODR into cross-border electronic business contract dispute resolution and supporting future legal reform and digital commerce governance.
Kepastian Pemenuhan Hak Pembeli Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan: Terhadap Asas Perlindungan Hukum Afrizal Muhamad Fauzy; Ummi Maskanah; Raja Raditya Ferialdi; Tiara Rachmawati
Science and Education Journal (SICEDU) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Science and Education Journal 2026
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/sicedu.v5i2.576

Abstract

Pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi Hak Tanggungan berdasarkan Pasal 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan (Undang-undang Hak Tanggungan) merupakan pranata hukum yang dirancang untuk memberikan penyelesaian yang cepat, efektif, dan efisien bagi kreditor dalam hal debitor melakukan wanprestasi. Namun dalam tataran empiris, pembeli lelang yang telah beritikad baik dan memenuhi seluruh kewajiban administratif serta finansial seringkali tidak dapat menikmati haknya secara penuh akibat adanya perlawanan hukum dari debitor tereksekusi maupun pihak ketiga, baik berupa gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum (onrechtmatige daad) maupun perlawanan pihak ketiga (derden verzet). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kepastian hukum peralihan dan pemenuhan hak keperdataan pembeli lelang eksekusi Hak Tanggungan serta mengkaji bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli lelang beriktikad baik ditinjau dari Teori Perlindungan Hukum Satjipto Rahardjo dan Philipus M. Hadjon. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-undang Hak Tanggungan, Vendu Reglement, Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 122/PMK.06/2020, dan Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR), serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur hukum dan jurnal ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: pertama, kepastian hukum peralihan hak pada pembeli lelang lahir sejak ditandatanganinya Risalah Lelang yang berkedudukan sebagai akta autentik berkekuatan pembuktian sempurna (volledig bewijskracht) dan mengikat (bindende bewijskracht), serta berfungsi sebagai legal titulus pengganti Akta Jual Beli untuk keperluan balik nama di Kantor Pertanahan tanpa memerlukan akta PPAT; kedua, perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli lelang beriktikad baik diwujudkan secara preventif melalui validasi dokumen dan mekanisme pengumuman lelang, serta secara represif melalui hak eksekusi pengosongan langsung berdasarkan Pasal 200 ayat (11) HIR tanpa perlu mengajukan gugatan baru, yang diperkuat oleh penegasan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 bahwa pembeli lelang beriktikad baik wajib dilindungi hukum dan status kepemilikannya tidak dapat dibatalkan melalui gugatan pihak ketiga yang lahir dari kesalahan administratif kreditor.
Kepastian Hukum Pengalihan Hak Atas Tanah Melalui Lelang untuk Pembeli Beritikad Baik Ummi Maskanah; Dessy Normawati; Johan Firmansyah; Ellen Valerian; Bova Akbar Ismail Dayan
Science and Education Journal (SICEDU) Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Science and Education Journal 2026
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/sicedu.v5i2.666

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji kepastian hukum pengalihan hak atas tanah melalui mekanisme lelang bagi pembeli beritikad baik dalam sistem hukum pertanahan Indonesia, sekaligus merumuskan parameter hukum itikad baik yang bersifat operasional sebagai pedoman hakim dalam menyelesaikan sengketa lelang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui analisis terhadap bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 213/PMK.06/2020 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Lelang, yang diperkuat oleh lima belas artikel jurnal ilmiah nasional dan internasional bereputasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kerangka normatif secara teoritik telah menjamin kepastian hukum bagi pemenang lelang, terdapat paradoks serius dalam praktik peradilan berupa pembatalan hasil lelang yang prosedural atas dasar cacat substantif, yang menciptakan ketidakpastian berkepanjangan bagi pembeli beritikad baik. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi empat parameter operasional itikad baik dalam transaksi lelang yang bersifat kumulatif, yakni keabsahan prosedural lelang oleh lembaga negara berwenang, pelaksanaan due diligence objektif atas status hukum objek, ketiadaan pengetahuan atau kepatutan untuk mengetahui cacat hukum pada objek, serta kemandirian pembeli sebagai pihak ketiga yang bebas dari kepentingan tersembunyi. Simpulan utama penelitian ini menekankan urgensi harmonisasi antara UUHT, PMK 213/2020, dan PP 18/2021, penerbitan regulasi Mahkamah Agung yang mengikat secara substantif mengenai perlindungan pemenang lelang, serta penguatan kewenangan eksekutorial KPKNL pascalelang, agar kepastian hukum formal dapat benar-benar bertransformasi menjadi perlindungan substantif bagi pembeli beritikad baik
Penegakan Hukum terhadap Terpidana Korupsi yang Tidak Membayar Uang Pengganti: Tinjauan Hukum Acara Pidana dan Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Korupsi Muhammad Adhadin Azhar; Ummi Maskanah
HORIZON: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): HORIZON: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary
Publisher : Lembaga Intelektual Muda (LIM) Maluku

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54373/hijm.v4i3.5457

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the authority and constraints of the executing prosecutor in implementing the substitute money judgment and its implementation procedures according to the criminal procedure law in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach through library research techniques, namely by examining laws and regulations, court decisions, and relevant legal literature. The results of the study show that the authority of the prosecutor as an executor has been clearly regulated in Article 270 of the Criminal Code and Attorney General's Regulation Number 2 of 2017, but its implementation still faces obstacles in the form of concealment of assets, weak coordination between institutions, low economic value of confiscated goods, and the tendency of convicts to choose subsidiary crimes instead of paying compensation. This research has implications for the importance of strengthening the asset tracing system, coordination between law enforcement agencies, and optimizing execution mechanisms to improve the recovery of state losses and legal certainty. The limitations of this study lie in the use of normative juridical methods that have not described the empirical conditions thoroughly and are limited to the case study of Decision Number 70/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN.Jkt.Pst. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to strengthen regulations and mechanisms for tracking assets resulting from corruption, increase coordination between law enforcement agencies, and update the policy on the execution of substitute money so that the implementation of state loss recovery can be run more effectively and provide legal certainty.
Comparative Study of Mortgage Auctions in Indonesia and Singapore Ummi Maskanah; Mukhamad Bahyudin; Tubagus Langlang Buana; Muhammad Azka Izzaturrahman Zulkarnain
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v5i2.1870

Abstract

Auction practices in Indonesia have been known since 1908 through the Vendu Reglement and have evolved from conventional to digital mechanisms. Singapore also has a tradition of auctions dating back to the British colonial period in the 19th century. This study aims to compare mortgage foreclosure auction practices in Indonesia (a civil law tradition) and property foreclosure in Singapore (a common law tradition), focusing on efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty. The method used is normative legal research with a regulatory and comparative approach, grounded in a literature review. The results of the study show that Indonesia has a strong legal basis through PMK No. 213/PMK.06/2020, which provides formal legal certainty, including through Auction Reports as authentic deeds. However, the effectiveness of auction digitisation via lelang.go.id remains constrained by inter-agency integration. In addition, there is the potential for third-party objections to auction results (derdenverzet, i.e., resistance or objections from third parties), which can hinder the finality of auction results. In contrast, Singapore implements an integrated digital auction system supported by strict regulations, including the Auctioneers' Licences Act. Legal certainty is strengthened by the finality of transactions under the fall of the hammer principle, which enables rapid contract binding. Overall, Singapore's auction system demonstrates higher efficiency and accountability and can serve as a reference for Indonesia in strengthening end-to-end integration and consistency in the implementation of national auctions.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemenang Lelang yang Barangnya Masih Dimiliki Debitur Dikaji Menurut Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2004 Tentang Lelang Fikri Ahmad Anwari; Alexander Triastanto; Ummi Maskanah
JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Living Law
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jill.v17i1.16328

Abstract

This research discusses the legal protection for auction winners whose items are still held by the debtor, analyzed based on Law Number 4 of 2004 on Auctions. An auction is one of the ways to enforce the rights of creditors against debtors who are unable to fulfill their obligations. In this study, the author examines the provisions in Law Number 4 of 2004 as well as the applicable legal practices to provide an overview of the legal steps that auction winners can take to obtain the items they have won. The research findings indicate that although the auction winner has the right to the items once the auction process is complete, there is a legal protection mechanism that must be followed to obtain those items, including through the execution of goods by the auction official. This study also highlights the importance of legal protection for auction winners so that their ownership rights over the auctioned items can be effectively protected in accordance with the applicable procedures.
Dilema Digitalisasi: Dampak Positif dan Negatif dari Pelaksanaan Lelang Online Gilza Azzahra Lukman; Avif Prasetyo; Esmeralda Magdalena; Ummi Maskanah
JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Living Law
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jill.v17i1.16334

Abstract

Online auctions have become one of the most popular transaction mechanisms in the digital era, offering various conveniences and innovations in the world of commerce. This study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of online auctions from a socio-legal perspective, encompassing legal, social, and technological aspects. Data collection was conducted through a literature review technique. The results of the study indicate that online auctions provide numerous benefits, such as cost and time efficiency, ease of access, information transparency, and a wider reach for auction participants. These advantages position online auctions as an innovative solution to meet the digital transaction needs of modern society. On the other hand, the study also identifies several challenges, including legal ambiguities due to the proliferation of auction platforms that do not comply with regulatory provisions, risks of price manipulation, fraud, and violations of participants' privacy.
Pelaksanaan Pembatalan Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Atas Dasar Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Muhamad Rizaldi Salas; Raden Khemal Hadda Sudjadiningrat; Ummi Maskanah
JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Living Law
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30997/jill.v17i1.16411

Abstract

The cancellation of the auction caused many parties to suffer losses because they had promoted the auctioned goods and if they had been purchased, the sale and purchase transaction would be canceled. In decision No. 478 K/Pid/2013, there was a cancellation of the auction against the mortgage right. The study aims to determine and analyze the cancellation of the execution auction against the mortgage right due to an unlawful act. This study is a normative legal study, namely a study that examines norms as an object of research. The results of the study indicate that the lawsuit against the execution of the mortgage right does not cancel the auction because it can cause other legal problems, namely the cancellation of the sale and purchase transaction of the auctioned goods. Every decision that already has permanent legal force and is executed cannot be canceled. Therefore, every decision that results in other transactions must be ensured that there is no longer a legal process. And or execution must not be carried out before the end of the time given to the losing party to make legal efforts in the form of an appeal to cassation. The legal consequences of a court decision regarding the postponement or cancellation of the auction are the existence of legal uncertainty regarding the court's decision, harming the party conducting the auction, harming the party conducting the sale and purchase transaction of the auction object.
Co-Authors Abdullah Gimnastiar Adla Salsabila Lathif Afrizal Muhamad Fauzy Agus Murianto Alexander Triastanto Andhika Wijaya Pratama Anggoro Nur Faqih Aprilia Maharani Sule Ardisia Rahma Susetyo Arfa Maulana Aulia, Puspa Hygea Avif Prasetyo Avshary, Muhammad Akhmal Az Zahra, Nisa Azhar, Muhammad Adhadin Barus, Theresia Juliana Ngarakken Bova Akbar Ismail Dayan Budiman, Seno Aziz Burhanuddin, Sisca Ferawati Cicin Nurpasha Dea Putri Aprilian Dennice Augustine Dessy Normawati Dewi, Citra Rakhmawati Dimas Dwi Putra Ellen Valerian Esmeralda Magdalena Faulin Hasna Dalilah Febriana Miharja Febry Nurtriandany Purnomo Fikri Ahmad Anwari Fitri Aprilia Rasyid Fuazi, Afif Gilza Azzahra Lukman Guspita, Anggun R Herlani, Lisa Herlani Hidayati, Tara Devilia Imanuel Santoso, Debora Irawan, Hagi Muhamad Fauzan Isfardy Isfardy Jenni Jenni Johan Firmansyah Joserando, Jodi Jordan Khoerunnisa, Alsa Mala Kusmawan, Edy Levina Abigail Chandra Maudy Nurwidianti Mazwa, Refizma Poltica Md Nor, Mohd Zakhiri Melinda Lorenza Meutia, Irviana Mohammad Faridz Fathurrohman Muhamad Rizaldi Salas Muhammad Adhadin Azhar Muhammad Afif Muhammad Azka Izzaturrahman Zulkarnain Muhammad Hasbi R Mukhamad Bahyudin Mulyana, Dodo Musthofa, Hanna Noviana Noer Narsudin, Udin Nia Kania Winayanti Nira Melodia Pasha Norika Manurung Nugraha, Rais Rahmat Nurdianti, Rini Nurlianda, Vina Nursafrudin, Dansyah Putri, Claudia D. Samhara Raden Khemal Hadda Sudjadiningrat Raja Raditya Ferialdi Ramadhan, Muhammad Willy Rangkoly, Mavelda Regina Rani Fitriani Rishki Yuky Restu Rohmani, Rodiah Rosmiati, Rina Rusaedi, Attansya Rafli Rusmana, R. Anggi Gilang Ryandi, Gialdes Evan Safriani, Vini Nurul Salsabila, Ainul Mardiyah Saraswati, Nabila Trina Saumah Setiawati, Yeti Sharon Jeanice Samuel Sisca Rizky Agustina Siti Nurhasanah Siti Pujiastuti Suhartini Subrata, Nabila Djuliana Suria Subrata Suci Rahmawati, Suci Sugandi, M. Fajri Reznandya Suhartini, Siti Pujiastuti Suherman, Dafina Nurulita Sukamto, Ika Sumiyarsi SUSILAWATI, SUSI Syifa, Awalia Tami Rai Intan Tarigan, Notora Tiara Rachmawati Tita Apriliani Tubagus Langlang Buana Varta Kusuma, Raden Nugraha Darmawan Varta Kusuma Wida Yuningsih Widya Anggraeni Wiguna, Ervan Wijaya, Melliana Wildan Wildan Ashar Yossi Prasetiyo Yudistira, Dika Eka Yusep Mulyana Zaenudin, KM Ibnu Shina Zulaeha, Tuti