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Profile of Tuberculosis in Children in Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia Ranti Dewanti Oktaviani; Pudji Lestari; Daniel Maranatha; Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 58 No. 1 (2022): March
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (794.368 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v58i1.29190

Abstract

Highlight: Pediatric tuberculosis patients profile using the medical records was determined.The most pediatric tuberculosis patients under five years have pulmonary tuberculosis.Pediatric tuberculosis patients received BCG immunization had a contact with adult tuberculosis patients histories. Abstract:The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is 391 per 100,000 population with the number of deaths around 110,000 cases in 2016. This study is descriptive research that aims to determine the profile of pediatric TB patients using the medical records at Taman public health center the period 2016-2019 with a total sampling technique. The sample in this study were 31 pediatric patients aged 0-14 years with a history of TB. Pediatric TB patients aged >5 years (58.1%) and who aged ≤5 years (41.9%). Pediatric TB patients had pulmonary tuberculosis (83.9%) and those who had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (16.1%). Pediatric TB patients aged ≤5 years had good nutritional status (32%) and who had poor nutritional status (27.2%). Meanwhile, pediatric TB patients aged >5 years had poor nutritional status (22.7%) and who had good nutritional status (18.1%). Pediatric TB patients who had a history of contact with adult TB patients (86.7%) and who did not have a history of contact with adult TB patients (13.3%). Pediatric TB patients who had received BCG immunization (86.2%) and who had not received BCG immunization (13.8%). This study concludes that most pediatric TB patients are >5 years old, almost all pediatric TB patients have pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatric TB patients aged ≤5 years are more likely to have good nutrition. Meanwhile, there were more pediatric TB patients aged >5 years who had poor nutritional status. Almost all pediatric TB patients had a history of contact with adult TB patients and had received BCG immunization.
Prevalence of Pneumonia Severity in Children under 5 Years Old at Primary Health Care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya Shofia Ihtasya; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Deby Kusumaningrum
JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/juxta.V12I12021.26-28

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is the world-leading cause of death in children under five years old and most prevalent in developing country. Proper initial diagnosis will determine further management, because pneumonia and severe pneumonia have different treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of pneumonia severity in children under five years old at primary health setting. Methods: This study was a cross – sectional descriptive study on medical records of children aged 2 to 59 months with pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya from September to December 2017. Severity of pneumonia is classified using its clinical sign such as fast breathing, fever, chest indrawing, and general danger sign. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel and statistically analyzed with SPSS IBM 20. Results: There were 31 respondents that were diagnosed with pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya from September to December 2017. Most of the children diagnosed with pneumonia were aged 12 to 59 months (61.3%) and 22.6 % of the children had severe pneumonia. Conclusion: Distribution of severity case of pneumonia at primary health care of Tambakrejo, Surabaya showed that there were more case of pneumonia with fast breathing than severe pneumonia or pneumonia with any general danger sign. Most of them were diagnosed at 12 to 59 months with a good nutritional status.
Profile of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescent at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya Litiya Parahita Putri Firnadi; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Mohammad Yamin Sunaryo Suwandi
JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/juxta.V13I12022.42-45

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of ten leading causes of death worldwide, including Indonesia. Indonesia is one of seven countries that causes 64% deaths due to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis through droplet nuclei in the air. It can occur to any group age, including children and adolescent, if there is a contact history of people with tuberculosis infection. In 2016, one million children had tuberculosis and around 250,000 children died because of tuberculosis. This study aimed to know the profile of tuberculosis in children and adolescent at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: This was a descriptive study using retrospective approach. Sample of this study was collected from electronic medical record provided by Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya using statistic formula of single sample for estimated population proportions of children and adolescent with tuberculosis from 2013-2017, with total samples of 149 people.Results: There were 149 samples of children and adolescent patients with tuberculosis. Most of the children were mostly 0-4 years old and 57% were female. 84% of the children had been immunized with BCG and classified as moderate, and 35% were under nutritional status. This study showed that 67% of the children in household contacts of adult tuberculosis patients also had tuberculosis. The most frequent symptoms of tuberculosis in children and adolescent were fever (72%) and cough (80%).Conclusion: Tuberculosis in children and adolescent is more likely to occur in children than adolescent, especially children within group age of 0-4 years old. The number of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescent are higher than extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age Wiharjo Hadisuwarno; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Pirlina Umiastuti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 5 (2015): September 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (89.728 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51

Abstract

Background Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. Imbalanced interactions among host factors, agents, and environments influence incidence of pneumonia. Objective To determine the risks of the host related to the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 3-59 months in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during 2011-2012. Methods This was a case control study on medical records of patients with respiratory infections in Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We grouped patients with pneumonia as the case group and patients with other respiratory infections as the control group. The data were statistically processed to calculate odds ratios and P values. Results There were 326 subjects reviewed, 163 in the case group and 163 in the control group. Host factors that increased the risk of pneumonia were: low birth weight (OR=3.10; 95%CI 1.34 to 6.86), inadequate exclusive breastfeeding (OR=1.7; 95%CI 1.09 to 2.64), malnutrition (OR=3.44; 95%CI 2.12 to 5.58) and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age (OR=2.70; 95%CI 1.72 to 4.24). Existed comorbidity was unrelated to the incidence of pneumonia (OR=1.53; 95%CI 0.86 to 2.71). Conclusion Low birth weight, inadequate exclusive breastfeeding, malnutrition, and incomplete immunization in a certain period of age increase the risk of pneumonia.
Risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children Clarissa Cita Magdalena; Budi Utomo; Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 57 No 2 (2017): March 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.5 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi57.2.2017.63-6

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Background Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of tuberculosis with severe clinical symptoms and complications. The mortality rate from this disease remains high, therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors for miliary TB for early detection and treatment.Objective To identify risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children.Methods A case-control study of children aged 0-14 years with miliary TB was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data were taken from medical records. Case subjects were children with miliary TB, and control subjects were children with pulmonary TB . Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Case subjects were identified from the total patient population; control subjects were included by purposive sampling, with case:control ratio of 1:1. Potential risk factors were age, nutritional status, BCG immunization status, and history of contact with TB patients. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and logistic regression tests. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 72 children were analyzed, with 36 case and 36 control subjects. Nutritional status had a significant associatation with miliary TB in children (OR 3.182; 95%CI 1.206 to 8.398; P=0.018) in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. The probability of a child with moderate or severe undernutrition developing miliary TB was 76.09%. Other factors were not significantly associated with miliary TB.Conclusion Nutritional status is significantly associated with miliary TB in children, and moderate or severe undernutrition increases the risk for developing miliary TB.
Long term follow-up of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a pubertal child Andri Kurnia Wahyudhi; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Ahmad Suryawan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 58 No 4 (2018): July 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1020.653 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi58.4.2018.198-204

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Increasing awareness of the rising global rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to a concerted international effort to confront this disease. Nonetheless, despite cure rates >80% in some programs, MDR-TB patients tend to have chronic disease and require prolonged therapy.1-3 Little is known about the long-term results and follow-up of patients with MDR-TB, include the recurrence rate and chronic disability in patients who have recovered from TB.4 There are many side effects and adverse reactions to drugs can occur during MDR-TB treatment. These could be physical and or psychological, as well as reversible or irreversible. Treatment of MDR-TB requires a combination regimen, consists of second and third-line anti-tuberculosis drugs which more toxic than first-line drugs. Additionally, MDR-TB treatment requires a long duration of treatment (18-24 months) and causes discomfort in the patient.5 In a cohort of 60 patients treated for MDR-TB, the most common side effects included gastritis (100%), dermatological disorders (43%), and peripheral neuropathy (16.7).6 While in a cohort of 75 patients, the incidence of depression, anxiety, and psychosis for MDR-TB treatments was 13.3%, 12.0%, and 12.0%, respectively.7 Aggressive and effective management are needed so the patient can tolerate the treatment and remain adhere the treatment.8 Long-term follow-up is required for the rehabilitation of disorders due to psychosocial sequelae. As such, psychosocial support can be benefit pediatric MDR-TB patients. Here, we present a case report on a two-year follow-up of a pubertal child with MDR-TB, focusing on medical aspects and her development.
The CDC PNU-1 criteria for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia Hapsari Widya Ningtiar; Dwi Putri Lestari; Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti; Arina Setyaningtyas; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Ira Dharmawati; Abdul Latief Azis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 4 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (262.873 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.4.2019.195-201

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Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), with mortality rates of up to 50%. Post-mortem pulmonary examination is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of VAP, but is impossible for routine application. The sensitivity and specificity of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) are considered to be similar to the those of the gold standard, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PNU-1 (CDC PNU-1) is simpler and not invasive, compared to the CPIS. Objective To evaluate the level of agreement between CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria in diagnosing VAP. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the PICU at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya from June to October 2018. Subjects were children aged 1 month–18 years who had been intubated for more than 48 hours. The VAP diagnoses were made by CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria. The level of agreement between the two methods was evaluated by Cohen's Kappa test using SPSS Statistics Base 21.0 software. Results hirty-six subjects were evaluated using CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria. Subjects' mean age was 3.5 (SD 4.7) years. Amongst 19 patients with VAP, 14 were diagnosed by CPIS criteria and 17 were diagnosed by CDC PNU-1 criteria. The level of agreement between the CDC PNU-1 and CPIS criteria was good (Kappa 0.61; 95%CI 0.31 to 0.83). The CDC PNU-1 had sensitivity 0.85, specificity 0.77, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.70, and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.89. Conclusion The CDC PNU-1 criteria has a good level of agreement with CPIS criteria in diagnosing VAP.
Risk Factors of Very Severe Pneumonia Incidence in Children Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Hedi Mustiko
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v40i4.147

Abstract

Background: Childhood pneumonia is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. About 7-13% of childhood pneumonia present with very severe pneumonia with a high risk of mortality. Identification of risk factors is necessary for early intervention and better management. Methods: Analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted with subjects of pneumonia patients aged 2-59 months admitted in Respirology Ward and PICU Department of Pediatrics Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from January 2017 to December 2018. Results: A total of 253 were roled in this study. Group with very severe pneumonia are 140 patients and 113 patients with severe pneumonia. Independent risk factors were analysed by chi-square test and Continuity Correction. Independent risk factors that intluence the incidence of very severe pneumonia in infants and children are patient's age (PR=1.365;P=0.009;95% confidence interval (CI)=1.089-1.712), low birth weight (PR=1.380;P=0.010;95% CI=1.115-1,708), prematurity (PR=1,412;P=0.007;95% CI=1,141-1,747), exclusive breastfeeding (PR=1,434;P=0.007;95% CI=1,093-1,880), nutritional status (PR=2,412;P
Correlation of Epidermal Fibroblast Growth Factor and Clinical Improvement of Asthma in Children after Zinc Supplementation Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Anang Endaryanto; I Dewa Gede Ugrasena
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 6 No. 3 (2020): September 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.86 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v6-I.3.2020.61-66

Abstract

Background: Background The presence of remodeling process on the pathogenesis of asthma that involves some growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) causes the chronicity of the disease. The role of zinc on the pathogenesis of asthma is being widely investigated. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between EGF and FGF2 and clinical improvement of asthma after  zinc supplementation.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Outpatient Clinic Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The samples were persistent asthma patients from 6-15 years old who received controller therapy. The samples were divided into 2 groups, those who received zinc supplementation as the intervention group, and who received pacebo as the control. EGF and FGF2 plasma level of both groups were measured, and clinical improvement was evaluated with Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT).Results: There were 11 patients who received zinc supplementation and 12 patients in the control group. There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) on the increase of EGF level in the intervention group (55.59 ± 6.48) than the control (5.35 ± 5.55). There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) on the increase of the FGF2 level in the intervention group (6.37 ± 1.41) than the control (0.72 ± 0.48). The increase of EGF (r = 0.592; p = 0.003) and FGF2 (r = 0.607; p = 0.002) would be followed by the increase of C-ACT scores.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation increase EGF and FGF2 levels. This improvement is correlated with clinical improvement of patients.
Risk Factors of Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Aged 3-60 Months at Primary Healthcare Centers (Puskemas) in Gresik Hubah Asyiroh; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Widati Fatmaningrum; Budi Utomo
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.509 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v7-I.1.2021.8-13

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This infection may happen in either the upper or lower respiratory tracts. It may also happen recurrently in some children according to the risk factors they have. This study aimed to understand the correlation between risk factors and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children aged 3-60 months at primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) in Gresik.Methods: This study used an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The amount of sample used was 110 patients with upper respiratory infection from October 2019-April 2020 at Puskesmas Industri and Puskesmas Alun-Alun, Gresik. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression. The data were taken from medical records as well as questionnaires.Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that asthma (p = 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.045), healthy home status (p = 0.002), and the occupancy of the house (p = 0.019) had correlations with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory infection. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis presented some variables which had significant correlation with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection such as asthma (p= 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.012), and healthy home status (p = 0.001).Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between asthma, exposure to cigarette smoke, and healthy home status with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children.
Co-Authors Abdul Latief Azis Agoes Boediono Ahmad Suryawan Aida Fahira Rachma Aisah, Nurul Albarok, Muhammad Abdir Rahman Aldise Mareta, Aldise Alpha Fardah Athiyyah Amrina Rosyada Anang Endaryanto Ananto, Muhammad Arif Andri Kurnia Wahyudhi Andy Darma Arda Pratama Putra Chafid Arina Setyaningtyas Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Budi Utomo Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra Clarissa Cita Magdalena Darto Saharso Deasy Fetarayani Deby Kusumaningrum Dewi Rahmawati Dharmawati, Ira Didik Didik Handijatmo, Didik Diska Hanifah Nurhayati Djoko Poetranto, Djoko Dominicus Husada Dwi Putri Lestari Dwi Susanti Edith Frederika, Edith Eka Sri Handayani Ergia Latifolia Far-Far, Imanuel Ferry Sandra Gatot Soegiarto Hapsari Widya Ningtiar Hapsari, Rika Hedi Mustiko Hidajat, Boerhan Hubah Asyiroh I Dewa Gede Ugrasena I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh I Gusti Ngurah Twi Adnyana Ismoedijanto Khoirunnisa Shafira Deshpande Kristianto, Wigit Laksmi Wulandari Lestari, Sally Rizkita Litiya Parahita Putri Firnadi Lucia Landia Setyowati, Lucia Landia Maharani, Rizky Arisanti Manillaturrochmah Manillaturrochmah Maranatha, Daniel Masaoki Yamaoka, Masaoki Mohammad Yamin Sunaryo Suwandi Muhammad Faris, Muhammad Muhammad Helmi Imaduddin Mustiko MD, Hedi Nabila Annisa Harum Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti Ni Made Mertaniasih Prananda Surya Airlangga Prasanti, Siva Allysha Pratista Oktafia Pudji Lestari Purwanto, Satiti Palupi Puspamaniar, Vania Ayu Ranti Dewanti Oktaviani Rarome, Berlian Beatrix Ratih Kumala Sari, Ratih Kumala Rebekah Setiabudi, Rebekah Resti Yudhawati Rifah Zafarani Soumena Rika Hapsari Salsabila, Sabila Sembiring, Yan Efrata Setiabudi, Rebekah Juniati Shofia Ihtasya SITI NURUL HIDAYATI Subijanto Marto Sudarmo Syafa'ah, Irmi Tia Harelina Tutwuri Handayani Umiastuti, Pirlina Utariani, Arie Visuddho, Visuddho Widati Fatmaningrum Wigit Kristianto Wiharjo Hadisuwarno Wiweka Merbawani Wungu, Citrawati Dyah Kencono Yuli Astika