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Journal : Journal of Social Research

A Study on the Relevance of Indonesian Civil Law in Resolving EPC FIDIC Silver Book Contract Disputes Through Bani Arbitration Napitupulu, Bona Ary; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami’an, Sami’an; Noor, Ganis Vitayanti
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i2.2950

Abstract

EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) contracts are increasingly used in large infrastructure projects in Indonesia due to their efficiency and clear division of responsibilities (Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils [FIDIC], 2017). However, this contract is rooted in a Common Law system that is different from Indonesia's national legal system which adheres to Civil Law (Subekti, 2019; Satrio, 2021). This study aims to analyze the extent to which the Indonesian Civil Law system is able to maintain its legal sovereignty in the implementation of FIDIC Silver Book-based EPC contracts, as well as identify legal challenges that arise due to differences in legal principles. The method used is a normative juridical approach combined with conceptual and comparative analysis of the provisions of the Civil Code (1847), Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services (Law of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017), and risk allocation and dispute resolution clauses in the FIDIC Conditions of Contract (FIDIC, 2017). The results of the study show that there are fundamental differences in the principle of risk sharing and dispute resolution mechanisms between the Common Law and Civil Law systems. Several clauses in FIDIC require harmonization to be in line with the principles of justice, legal certainty, and proportionality that apply in national law (Hidayat, 2021; Osei, 2022). This research contributes to strengthening academic and practical understanding of the harmonization between international contracts and national law. These findings are expected to be a conceptual basis for the development of adaptive construction legal norms while maintaining Indonesia's legal sovereignty (Lubis, 2020; Klee, 2021).
The Role of Uncitral in Standardizing International Project Contracts and Its Implementation in Indonesia Bobyarta, Egit; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Sami'an, Sami'an; Kunantiyorini , Anik
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i2.3022

Abstract

The globalization of cross-border construction projects increases the need for legal certainty and uniformity in the arrangement of international construction contracts. Differences in national legal systems, the complexity of long-term projects, and the dynamics of technical and economic risks often lead to contractual imbalances and potential disputes. In this context, UNCITRAL plays an important role through the development of soft law international legal instruments, especially the UNCITRAL Legal Guide on Drawing Up International Contracts for the Construction of Industrial Works, which provides a principled normative framework for the design of international construction contracts. This study aims to analyze the role of UNCITRAL in the standardization of international construction contracts and examine the implementation of these principles in construction contract practices in Indonesia, taking into account the development of national contract standards regulated in the Regulation of the Government Goods/Services Procurement Policy Institute Number 4 of 2024 and the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 25 of 2020. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and analytical approach to UNCITRAL instruments and relevant national regulations. The results show that UNCITRAL functions as a normative framework that emphasizes procedural clarity, proportionate risk allocation, contract adaptation to changing circumstances, and a tiered dispute resolution mechanism.
Legal Protection for Foreign Investors in Infrastructure Projects Supporting Mining Downstreaming in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review Saputra, Sandi; Sami'an, Sami'an; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono; Edi Wibowo, Dwi
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i2.3024

Abstract

The article aims to identify legal issues and legal solutions that affect legal protection for foreign investment in infrastructure and downstream projects in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review method. The focus of the analysis lies in four areas: (1) enforcement of arbitral awards (New York Convention 1958; Law 30/1999), (2) the position of arbitration (seat), lex arbitri, and the standard of "public order", (3) the division of contractual risks in GPBU/EPC/O&M (change-in-law, tax gross-up, step-in lender, termination/compensation, government guarantee, land acquisition), and (4) BIT/ISDS as an additional layer of protection. Although the results show a more pro-enforcement tendency, key problems remain: flexible interpretation of "public order", slow and formalistic exequatur, undisciplined seat selection, inconsistency in clauses in contract documents, inconsistencies in land procurement, and unclear reasons and regressions in government guarantees. This article provides several legal options. The first is a judicial guideline that aims to reduce "public order" and avoid reassessing the subject matter. The second is the standardization of exequatur, which includes standards such as SLAs, file templates, and e-filing. The third is the recognition of short-term relief, which includes an emergency arbitrator. The fourth is the hygienic arbitration clause model, which includes changes in the law, seat, lex arbitri, consolidation, and joinder. The package reduces the risk of greater actions, speeds up the opening of financial accounts, and enhances the legal protection of foreign investors.
Co-Authors A. F, M. Dhika Adhitya Ade Nurmala Ade Nurmala, Ade ADI SAPUTRO Agung Aditya Ahmad Migdad Alaydrus Akas, Martika Setyo Amalia Khusnawati, Atik Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anggi Raditya Anik Kunantiyorini Anondho, Basuki Anrizal, Anrizal Aprianto . Arfiansyah, Fathir Arief, Ediyanto Arjon, Arjon Asep Rachmatullah Aulia, Zuvika Alfi Azhari, Boby Ali Baharuddin, Ifdal Baroroh, Eric Bobyarta, Egit Conshita Hubertha Dhiu Deka Yudhit Maristyo P. Dwi Edi Wibowo Dwian Prakoso, Angga Edi Wibowo, Dwi Efendy, Prasetyo Elfriandi, Elfriandi Erik Winada Fransiska, Era Galih Adya Taurano Ganis Vitayanty Noor Hadamean, Join Hari Anggeriksari Helmi Umar Ambadar Hendrik Sulistio Hendrik Sulistio Hendrik Sulistio Heni Kustiah Imanto, Yuwono Indahwati, Amaliyah Noor Irdayani Irdayani Jamhari Jamhari Jo Johnson Junaedi Junaedi Kadiyono, Kadiyono Kenny Kapuasiana Khairul Imam Koespiadi Kusumastuti, Purnaning Siwi Kuswijanarko, Anjar Laia, Kharisman Lapasau, Ronald Lessy, Achmad Syabril Loso loso Lutfi Mustakim M. Agung Wibowo Malinda, Yosie Marlia Dyah Salindri Hardjito Mawardi Amin Mega Maharani Hutahaean Mega Waty Mudri Mudri Muhammad Reza Aditya Ready Napitupulu, Bona Ary Niniek Lannyati Noor, Ganis Vitayanti Nugroho, Rudy Nuris Wahyudi Nurul Listanto Pakpahan, Alfredo Pakpahan, Petra Firman Pasaribu, David Mangara Putra Hidayat PUTU IKA WAHYUNI Rahayu Subekti Rahmiko, Eko Roni Febrianto Rudy Nugroho S.Sami'an Sami'an Sami'an, Sami'an Samian Sami’an Sami’an, S. Sami’an, Sami’an Sandi Andika Surya Putra Sandi Saputra Saragih, Hidbar Roberta Sebastian, Reza Rafly Setijanto, Augustinus Shanti Astri Noviani Simanjuntak, Indra Jadi Siti Kautsariyah Sitompul, Wesleyzon Sriyono D. Siswoyo Sudarsono Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar Sungkara, Fajar Suryani, Sandra Sutikno Sutikno Suwandi Suwandi Suyono Dikun Syafi'udin, Achmad Syafrie, Hambali Syafrijon Triwijaya, Helmy Yulian V, Divo Septyo Wesleyzon Sitompul Wibowo, Singgar Mataniari Wicaksono, Ario Widiatmoko, Ndaru Seto Widya Pramana, Agus Pawitra Winada, Erik Winata, Eduardus Gerald Wiraantaka, Jaka Adiprasetya Wisatrioda, Bayu Wisnuaji, Haryo Yanti Yanti Yanuar, Riko Yulistiawati, Wina