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Ahmad Mustofa
Fakultas Adab UIN Yogyakarta
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Journal : Malacca: Journal of Management and Business Development

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Integrating Human Factors and Safety Management Frameworks in Maritime Occupational Accidents: Evidence from Indonesia (2003–2019) Maharani, Mutia; Mustofa, Ahmad
Malacca: Journal of Management and Business Development Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Management and Business Development
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Bustanul Ulum Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69965/malacca.v2i2.159

Abstract

Abstract Maritime occupational safety remains a critical issue for Indonesia as an archipelagic nation heavily dependent on sea transportation. This study investigates the causal patterns of maritime occupational accidents in Indonesian waters from 2003 to 2019 by integrating official accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) and scholarly literature. A systematic analysis was conducted using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS-Maritime) and the International Safety Management (ISM) Code frameworks to identify human, technical, environmental, and organizational factors contributing to shipboard accidents. A total of 120 documented maritime accidents were analyzed, comprising incidents of fires, sinkings, groundings, collisions, and mechanical failures, which collectively resulted in 513 fatalities, 726 injuries, and 701 missing persons. The findings reveal that human error accounted for approximately 72% of all cases, followed by technical malfunctions (14%), adverse weather (8%), organizational deficiencies (4%), and cargo overloading (2%). The thematic analysis based on HFACS highlighted four dominant error dimensions: unsafe acts, preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, and organizational influences. These results demonstrate that systemic issues—such as fatigue, inadequate training, poor supervision, and weak safety culture—remain major underlying causes of accidents, despite Indonesia’s adoption of the SOLAS Convention and ISM Code. The study concludes that improving maritime occupational safety requires a paradigm shift from regulatory compliance toward proactive risk management and cultural transformation. Policy recommendations include enhancing institutional oversight, implementing competency-based crew training, adopting fatigue management systems, and strengthening enforcement of ISM Code compliance. The integration of HFACS and ISM Code frameworks provides a holistic understanding of maritime safety, offering a foundation for evidence-based policymaking to build a more resilient and safety-oriented Indonesian maritime sector.
Co-Authors -Fr, Jalal Ludin Abdul Muktadir, Abdul Achmad Afandi, Achmad Afkarina, Alifia Nimas Afriana Santosa Agus Triono Ahmad Rafiq, Ahmad Ahmad Saifudin, Ahmad Akbar, Mohammad Hasan Akhmad Arif Kurdianto Akhmad Solihin Akhmad, Nur Al Mugito, Ngato’illah Alim, Helmy Sahirul Amalia, Riezky Amrullah, M. Januar Aries Alfian Prasetyo, Aries Alfian Azaro, Khoirin Azizah, Ana Chosiatul chosiatul azizah, ana Desyana, Cut Dja’far, Veri Hardinansyah Efendi, M. Andrian Putra Elok Dwi Vidiyastutik Fadila, Siti Nur Faisal, A. Labib Fardany Fardany, A Labib Fattah Khoirun Fiaunillah, Kultum Fitria, Syarla Fian Hidayat, Ibnu Imamurrizal, M Abda' Jannah, Amalia Hikmatul Jauhari, Moh. Khoirunisa, Rizqi Khumairoh, Isna Wardhatul Kurnia Ekasari Kusmintarti, Anik Kusmintarti, Anik Lely Indah Kurnia, Lely Indah M. Syukron Maksum Mahbubah, Istiyanatul Mahmudah, Norma Maksin, Mastina Marbun, Jaminuddin Millah, Ibrahim Saiful Mohammad Nur Mohammad Nur Mohammad, Jauhari Muhammad Abu Nadlir Mutia Maharani Nadlir, Abu Nailah, Fadlilatin Natasari, Peni Sriwahyu Nazilah, Vita Rahmatun Nindy Oktoriani, Ervita Nisa, Maulidatun Nourma Ulva Kumala Devi Nur Azizah Nur Faizah, Nur Fadila Nurir Rohmah oktafia, devi rahma Pamungkas, Dio Tegar Praharsena, Bayu Prasetyo, Muhammad Adi Pratama, Ervito Setya Purnomo, Subekhi Hadi Q, Mareta Syamsya Ramadhani, Nofan Dwi Cahya Rikawulandari Rosowulan, Titis Sembiring, Rinawati Setyawan, Bimo Setyawan, Noer Alif Setyowati, Irma Nurcahya Sholehah, Marwa Maratus Siswanto Soraya Soraya Supriyanto Supriyanto Verto Septiandika, Verto Vicky F Sanjaya Wahyu, Fitriana Wahyuni, Slamet Widi Winarni, Endang Yusna, Yusna Zuhri, Muh