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Peningkatan Produksi Biobutanol dengan Penambahan Surfaktan pada Fermentasi Ekstraksi dan Hidrolisis Enzimatik Menggunakan Clostridium SaccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4 M. Zikrillah; Husnul Khotimah; Dimas Nur Herdianto; Maktum Muharja
TheJournalish: Social and Government Vol. 4 No. 5 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : CV The Journal Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55314/tsg.v4i5.603

Abstract

Kebutuhan energi baru terbarukan semakin meningkat, biobutanol merupakan energi alternatif yang potensial karena memiliki sifat seperti bensin. Namun, toksisitas dalam produksi biobutanol adalah masalah serius. Penambahan surfaktan diduga dapat mencegah toksisitas dalam produksi biobutanol karena menekan pergerakan mikroba dan meningkatkan kinerja produksi biobutanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan surfaktan terhadap proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dalam produksi biobutanol. Penelitian ini diawali dengan proses pretreatment, depectination, delignifikasi, hidrolisis enzimatik, dan fermentasi ABE untuk mengubah kulit kakao menjadi produk biobutanol. Penambahan surfaktan Tween 80 dan (PEG 6000) dapat meningkatkan kinerja proses hidrolisis enzimatik serta penambahan surfaktan dapat mendukung proses fermentasi menggunakan bakteri Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. Hidrolisis enzimatik dilakukan dengan sampel pretreatment enzim Selulase ditambahkan variasi 0,1-10; dan 15 FPU/g. Sampel dengan optimum enzyme loading dipilih untuk hidrolisis enzimatik dengan surfaktan nilai pro-analisis Tween 80 dan PEG 6000 dengan konsentrasi 0,025% b/v. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hidrolisis enzimatik menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh konsentrasi gula pereduksi tertinggi bila penambahan surfaktan PEG 6000 adalah sebanyak 0,025% b/v adalah 9,24 g/L. Penambahan Tween 80 Surfaktant meningkatkan kinerja produksi biobutanol sebesar 26,535 g/L. Oleh karena itu, terbukti penambahan surfaktan dalam proses hidrolisis enzimatik dan fermentasi ABE dapat meningkatkan produksi biobutanol sebagai energi alternatif yang potensial pengganti bensin.
Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Abstract

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
A Performance Study of Home-Made Co-Immobilized Lipase from Mucor miehei in Polyurethane Foam on The Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil to Fatty Acid Dwina Moentamaria; Maktum Muharja; Tri Widjaja; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 2 Year 2019 (August 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.2.3848.391-403

Abstract

Bio‐based fatty acids (FAs) produced through hydrolysis of natural oils and fats are promising chemical feedstocks for increasing  the economic value of renewable raw materials. In this work, lecithin, gelatin, PEG, and MgCl2 were employed as the co-immobilized material of crude lipase Mucor miehei immobilization on the polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix for hydrolysis of coconut oil to Free Fatty Acid (FFA). The unconventional immobilized technique was used through cross-linking and covalent bond. Single factor analysis and response surface method were utilized to determine the optimum conditions of the hydrolysis reaction. After optimization, co-immobilized lipase was examined for storage stability at a temperature of 4°C and reusability performance. The optimum conditions for coconut oil hydrolysis were obtained on the co-immobilized-PUF ratio, water-oil ratio, and reaction time of 20.17 w/w, 4.45 w/w, and 20 h, respectively. Under these conditions, the acid value as lauric acid enhanced 573% to 3.21 mg KOH/g oil. Storage stability attained through remaining activity on free lipase, PUF-lipase, PUF-co-immobilized-lipase were 9.89%, 42.3%, and 91.88%, respectively. In this study, the application of PUF-co-immobilized lipase in hydrolysis reactions can be reused up to 5 times. Characteristics of the addition of co-immobilized lipase have been analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), showing the presence of functional groups binding and the changes in the surface matrix structure. 
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Subcritical Water Process for Reducing Sugar Production from Biomass: Optimization and Kinetics Maktum Muharja; Arief Widjaja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Nur Fadhilah; Bramantyo Airlangga; Abdul Halim; Siska Nuri Fadilah; I Made Arimbawa
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 4 Year 2022 (December 2022)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.4.16527.839-849

Abstract

The competitive reactions of lignocellulose hydrolysis and monosaccharide degradation in the subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of coconut husk were investigated to optimize the reducing sugar yield. Optimization analysis was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetics studies. Parameters of process optimization were varied at 130-170 °C for 15-45 min. The reducing sugars were measured using the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The sugar yield increased when the temperature increased from 130 °C to 170 °C. The highest reduction sugar yield of 4.946 g/L was obtained at 183.6 °C for 4.8 min and 23.4 liquid/solid ratio (LSR). Kinetics studies were carried out at temperature variations of 150, 170, and 190 °C and pressures of 60, 80, and 100 bar for 5 to 60 min. The yield of reducing sugar decreased with increasing temperature. The kinetic model 2B is the best method to explain the competitive reaction kinetics of coconut husk hydrolysis. This research is an innovation to increase the reducing sugar to make the process more commercially viable. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Alkali Pretreatment for Enhancement of Delignification Process of Cocoa Pod Husk Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Bekti Palupi; Istiqomah Rahmawati; Boy Arief Fachri; Felix Arie Setiawan; Helda Wika Amini; Meta Fitri Rizkiana; Atiqa Rahmawati; Ari Susanti; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2021 (March 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.1.8872.31-43

Abstract

In this study, the optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment is performed to attain the optimal operating parameters for the delignification of cocoa pod husk (CPH). The MAA performance was examined by heating the CPH solid with different particle sizes (60–120 mesh) and NaOH solution with a different sample to a solvent (SS) ratio (0.02–0.05 g/L), for short irradiation time (1–4 min). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the percentage of lignocellulose composition changes. The results show that by enlarging particle size, the content of lignin and cellulose decreased while hemicellulose increased. By prolong irradiation time, the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased while cellulose elevated. On the other hand, increasing the SS ratio was not significant for hemicellulose content changes. From FTIR and SEM characterization, the MAA drove the removal of lignin and hemicellulose of CPH and increased cellulose slightly. Supported by kinetic study which conducted in this work, it was exhibited that MAA pretreatment technology is an effective delignification method of CPH which can tackle the bottleneck of its commercial biofuel production. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Pengaruh Intensitas Cahaya dan Nutrisi Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Ulva sp. Palupi, Bekti; Maharani, Regita Gustiayu Pramisti; Wardani, Salza Belila Kusuma; Rizkiana, Meta Fitri; Amini, Helda Wika; Fachri, Boy Arief; Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Muharja, Maktum; Indrayani, Lilin
Jurnal Teknologi Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Universitas Jayabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31479/jtek.v11i2.272

Abstract

Ulva sp. adalah genus makroalga hijau dengan diameter permukaan yang besar. Manfaat dari kapasitas fotosintesis yang tinggi pada Ulva sp. sebagai media penyerapan nutrisi seperti amonium, nitrat, dan fosfor dengan tingkat yang tinggi. Ulva sp. termasuk alga yang tumbuhnya berdasarkan musim, untuk itu diperlukan budidaya guna memenuhi kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas cahaya dan jumlah nutrisi terhadap kadar klorofil total dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik Ulva sp. Variabel yang digunakan adalah intensitas cahaya sebesar 1000 sampai dengan 3000 Lux serta jumlah nutrisi yang digunakan yaitu 0,6 mg/L hingga 1,8 mg/L. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan lama penyinaran selama 12 jam. Prosedur yang dilakukan berupa pemeliharaan Ulva sp. dengan wadah terkontrol dilanjutkan dengan pengujian kadar nitrogen total, pengujian kadar fosfat, pengujian kadar klorofil, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Didapatkan nilai derajat keasaman atau pH pada wadah penelitian berkisar 6,5 – 8,5, suhu berada di antara 24 – 26°C, dan salinitas 35 – 37 ppt. Hasil analisis menghasilkan data yang baik jika ditinjau dari nilai p-value yang memiliki nilai kurang dari 0,05.   Keywords: aklimatisasi, Ulva sp., nutrisi, klorofil, laju pertumbuhan
Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Abu Ampas Tebu Untuk Pembuatan Paving Block Muharja, Maktum; Helgananta Adirya Sabian; Mutiara Rengganis Nurul Putri Azhari
Journal of Biobased Chemicals Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jobc.v3i2.440

Abstract

Salah satu industri gula memproduksi abu ampas tebu dalam jumlah yang banyak. Abu ampas tebu pada industri gula tersebut belum dapat dimanfaatkan. Abu ampas tebu memiliki kandungan silika yang cukup tinggi yakni sebesar 68,5% dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengganti untuk mengurangi penggunaan semen pada pembuatan paving block. Pada penelitian ini pembuatan batu bata beton menggunakan metode pressing manual. Paving block terbuat dari pasir, semen, abu ampas tebu, abu batu dan air. Perbandingan semen, abu batu dan pasir menggunakan perbandingan 1:2:6 dengan variasi abu ampas tebu 10, 20 dan 30%. Hasil pengujian didapatkan batu bata beton mutu tertinggi pada pengeringan hari ke-7 dengan 214 kg/cm2 mendapatkan mutu B berdasarkan SNI 03-0691-1996 dan kuat tekan batu bata beton yang dihasilkan akan semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu pengeringan. Inovasi ini dapat meningkatkan kegunaan pada abu ampas tebu dan menjadi peluang bisnis baru untuk industri gula.
Development of a Novel Support Modification for Efficient Lipase Immobilization: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for Bio-flavor Production Moentamaria, Dwina; Irfin, Zakijah; Chumaidi, Achmad; Widjaja, Arief; Widjaja, Tri; Muharja, Maktum; Darmayanti, Rizki Fitria
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20130

Abstract

The low cost and excellent catalytic properties of lipase for industrial processes are highly desirable. A promising new approach involves the support modification of lipase and spacer arm, which enables the enhancement of lipase properties. This study investigates the immobilization of crude lipase from Mucor miehei onto a Polyurethane Foam (PUF) surface using various coating techniques. The PUF matrix was obtained through isocyanate and polyol reactions. Subsequently, the PUF was coated by adsorbing lipase and adding edible support material. The immobilized lipase was then utilized in the hydrolysis of coconut oil to produce fatty acids. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was employed in the esterification of fatty acids to produce bio-flavors. The results demonstrate that the attachment reaction using support material, namely lecithin, gelatin, MgCl2, and Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), all of which are simple and edible, was able to enhance the stability and reusability of lipase. This immobilization technique increased triglyceride hydrolysis into FFA by 422%. The successful edible support modification of immobilized lipase from M. miehei on PUF, coupled with significantly enhanced enzyme stability and catalytic activity, offers a promising, environmentally friendly solution for diverse applications in the food industry. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
EVALUASI PENGERINGAN RODENTISIDA MENGGUNAKAN METODE UDARA KERING DENGAN BANTUAN INSTRUMEN KIPAS ANGIN Arshy, David Permana; Nugroho, Imam Wahyu Beny; Muharja, Maktum; Khotimah, Husnul; Salsabila, Putri Ayu
DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/distilat.v10i3.4089

Abstract

Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer) menjadi hama utama pada tanaman padi yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan kehilangan hasil panen, sehingga dibutuhkan pengendalian untuk mengatasi tikus yaitu rodentisida. Tingginya populasi tikus mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan rodentisida, namun terdapat permasalahan pada proses pengeringan yang membutuhkan waktu selama 20 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses pengeringan rodentisida dengan bantuan instrumen kipas angin menggunakan variabel waktu pengeringan 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam. Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah metode pengeringan udara kering dengan bantuan kipas angin. Parameter yang diuji adalah parameter kadar air, fisik, dan kemurnian bahan aktif rodentisida. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu pengipasan mengakibatkan terjadinya kenaikan kadar air setelah 3 jam dan semakin lama waktu pengipasan membuat tekstur rodentisida semakin keras dan kering. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kondisi paling optimum adalah pada waktu selama 3 jam dengan kondisi fisik yang sempurna dan kadar air yang rendah.
Co-Authors A Halim Abdul Halim Achmad Chumaidi, Achmad Achri Isnan Khamil Achri Isnan, Khamil Adelia Rosalina Adelina, Saltsabita Nourin Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lestari Agra Bachtiar Andika Prastika Andika, Prastika Apol, Tabina Raissa Ari Susanti Arief Widjaja Arshy, David Permana Aswie, Viqhi Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Ayu Salsabila, Putri Azmi Alvian Gabriel Badril Azhar Badril, Azhar Batuthoh, M. Wildan Ibnu Bekti Palupi Bima Suci, Syeikh Maulana Boy Arief Fachri Bramantyo Airlangga Candra Wijaya, Candra Daniel Happy Putra Diana Fitriati Difka Augustina Diana Sari Dimas Nur Herdianto Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri Doty Dewi Risanti Dwina Moentamaria Dyah Ayu Savitri Dyah Sawitri Dyah Sawitri Enomae, Toshiharu Fadilah, Siska Nuri Felix Arie Setiawan Filial Ahliana Rahmaniyah Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Hakiki, Rizki Maulana Hanggara Sudrajat Hanny F. Sangian Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Helgananta Adirya Sabian Heni Pujiastuti Hesti Lipuring Tyas Hidayatullah Hidayatullah Husnul Khotimah Husnul Khotimah I Made Arimbawa I Made Arimbawa I Made Arimbawa Ihsanpuro, Surya Iryana Ilham Alamsah Ilham Alamsyah Indrayani, Lilin Irdatus Sholeha Irfan Albana Irfin, Zakijah Ismayati, Maya Istiqomah Rahmawati Jayyid Zuhdan Jihan Nafila Wibowo Karima, Nur Kenji Sakai Kenji Sonomoto KENJI SONOMOTO Khamil, Achri Isnan Khotimah , Husnul Lestari, Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lieke Riadi Lizda Johar Mawarani M. Zikrillah Maharani, Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Mahfud Mahfud Medy, Nabil Septian Megasari, Tri Elok Setya Meta Fitri Rizkiana Ming Gao Ming Gao Mohammad Abdul Aziz Fajar Mohammad Nashir Idham Kholid Mohammad Nazarudin Ali Muhammad Rizalluddin Mutiara Rengganis Nurul Putri Azhari Nailufhar , Lili Niki Etruly Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nugroho, Imam Wahyu Beny Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Karima Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang Prastika, Andika Ramadana, Ifan Ramadhani, Salsabila Amania Rekha Aliyya Isma Rizki Fitria , Darmayanti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur Ruri Agung Wahyuono Sakai, Kenji Salsabila, Putri Ayu Sangadji, Ningsi Lick Satrio, Dendy Shofia Khoirunissa, Dita Sholeha, Irdatus Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Sjarief Widjaja Susilowati Susilowati Tantular Nurtono Tao Zhao Tao Zhao Tashiro, Yukihiro Tri Dwinanda Nursoliha Tri Widjaja Tyas , Hesti Lipuring Wardani, Salza Belila Kusuma Wardhani, Maharani Tri Wibowo, Jihan Nafila Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yolanda Putri, Ditta Kharisma Yukihiro Tashiro Zakia Ainun Salsabila Zikrillah, M. Zuhriah Mumtazah