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Sosialisasi pemanfaatan limbah kotoran sapi menjadi biogas sebagai sumber energi alternatif di Desa Kemuning Lor, Jember Diana Fitriati; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Maktum Muharja; Mohammad Nazarudin Ali; I Made Arimbawa; Filial Ahliana Rahmaniyah; Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah; Hidayatullah Hidayatullah; Adelia Rosalina; Mohammad Abdul Aziz Fajar; Tri Dwinanda Nursoliha; Zakia Ainun Salsabila; Susilowati Susilowati; Achri Isnan Khamil; Rekha Aliyya Isma; Hesti Lipuring Tyas; Mohammad Nashir Idham Kholid
Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement Vol 3 (2021): Seminar Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/unricsce.3.597-601

Abstract

Kemuning Lor Village, Jember majority working as a farmer and animal breeders especially cattle. Recorded 15 people from a total number of cattle with a total of 32 cows. One cow usually produces 10-15 kg of manure per day. According to the survey we have conducted, 5 out of 10 residents of Kemuning Lor are not aware of the use of cow dung in biogas. Volunteer activities in Kemuning Lor aim to provide education to residents in overcoming the problem of cow dung to be processed into biogas to deal with environmental pollution problems. Desa Sadar Energi program was initiated in Kemuning Lor to raise awareness from cow dung into energy that is sustainable and environmentally friendly. The implementation method consisted of pre-socialization interviews, socialization, and post-socialization interviews. There is a 72% increase in public understanding regarding the definition and use of biogas. Biogas with a digester volume of 9 m3 is equivalent to LPG of 4.14 kg. The processing of cow dung waste into biogas can reduce the cost of expenditure for household LPG so that it is more economical and the raw material, cow dung, which is abundant and sustainable, is very easy to reach by the society.
Subcritical Water Process for Reducing Sugar Production from Biomass: Optimization and Kinetics Maktum Muharja; Arief Widjaja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Nur Fadhilah; Bramantyo Airlangga; Abdul Halim; Siska Nuri Fadilah; I Made Arimbawa
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 4 Year 2022 (December 2022)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.4.16527.839-849

Abstract

The competitive reactions of lignocellulose hydrolysis and monosaccharide degradation in the subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of coconut husk were investigated to optimize the reducing sugar yield. Optimization analysis was performed by response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetics studies. Parameters of process optimization were varied at 130-170 °C for 15-45 min. The reducing sugars were measured using the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The sugar yield increased when the temperature increased from 130 °C to 170 °C. The highest reduction sugar yield of 4.946 g/L was obtained at 183.6 °C for 4.8 min and 23.4 liquid/solid ratio (LSR). Kinetics studies were carried out at temperature variations of 150, 170, and 190 °C and pressures of 60, 80, and 100 bar for 5 to 60 min. The yield of reducing sugar decreased with increasing temperature. The kinetic model 2B is the best method to explain the competitive reaction kinetics of coconut husk hydrolysis. This research is an innovation to increase the reducing sugar to make the process more commercially viable. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Evaluation Of Dehydration Performance Of Belitung Taro (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Using Tray Dryer Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Achri Isnan Khamil; Andika Prastika; Muhammad Rizalluddin; Siska Nuri Fadilah; Difka Augustina Diana Sari
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 34, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20882033.v34i1.14878

Abstract

Belitung Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a plant that can be processed into various food products. The high-water content of taro and the lack of a precise drying system made this material easy to rot. This study aims to evaluate the dehydration performance of tray dryers to reduce the water content of Belitung Taro. The independent variables used were air velocity (3-6 m/s), taro thickness (1-4 mm), and drying time (30-120 min). The results showed that the optimum drying time of taro is 30 min. The dryer airflow of 5 m/s significantly reduces the water content. The thickness of the slices positively affects the drying rate. The lowest water content was obtained in drying with a thickness of 1 mm. The ANOVA results show the effect of thickness, time, and flow rate variations on the drying rate. Three types of mathematical modeling are used to estimate moisture content: Newton, Page, and Modified Page. The Modified Page equation was preferred to detect the moisture content of the taro. From this study, the optimum condition of the tray dryer can be the best solution to dehydrate Belitung Taro effectively and efficiently
Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Utilization for Concrete Bricks Production Using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design Maktum Muharja; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Arief Widjaja; Yakub Hendrikson Manurung; Ilham Alamsah; Siska Nuri Fadilah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (896.009 KB) | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.282

Abstract

PT. Industri Gula Glenmore (PT. IGG) setiap tahunnya memproduksi 14.300 ton abu ampas tebu (AAT) sebagai hasil samping pembakaran boiler yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Menariknya, AAT memiliki kandungan silika tinggi yaitu 68,5% yang dapat ditingkatkan nilainya sebagai substitusi parsial semen dalam pembuatan bata beton. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini komposisi dan ukuran partikel AAT dioptimalkan dalam pembuatan bata beton. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk memahami perilaku faktor-faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi kuat tekan bata beton. RSM ditentukan dengan menggunakan software Design-Expert V11. Bata beton dibuat dengan perbandingan semen dan pasir menggunakan perbandingan 1:6 dengan variasi AAT 5% sampai 25% dari berat normal semen. Hasil pengujian di Workshop menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Fly Ash dan kapur sebagai bahan pengikat untuk menggantikan sebagian semen dengan variasi 23, 26, 28, 30, dan 33% menghasilkan kuat tekan berturut-turut sebesar 56, 52, 49, 40, dan 34 kg/cm2. Dengan demikian, bata beton pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam mutu tingkat 3 berdasarkan SNI 03-0349-1989. Inovasi ini merupakan solusi untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah AAT dan menjadi peluang bisnis baru bagi PT. IGG di masa depan PT. The Glenmore Sugar Industry (PT. IGG) annually produces 14,300 tons of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a by-product of boiler combustion that has not been fully utilized. Interestingly, SCBA has a high silica content of 68.5%, which can be valorized as a partial substitution of cement in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Therefore, in this study the composition and particle size of SCBA were optimized in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Optimization was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to understand the behavior of significant factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete bricks. RSM was determined using the Design-Expert V11 software. Concrete bricks were made with a ratio of cement and sand using a ratio of 1:6 with a variation of bagasse ash 5% to 25% of the normal weight of the cement. The test results showed that the use of fly ash and lime as a binder to replace some cement with variations of 23%, 26%, 28%, 30%, and 33% resulted in a compressive strength of 56 kg/cm2, 52 kg/cm2, 49 kg/cm2, 40 kg/cm2, and 34 kg/cm2, respectively. Thus the concrete brick in this study was included in the quality level 3 based on SNI 03-0349-1989. This innovation is a solution to increase SCBA's added value and a new business opportunity for PT. IGG in the future.
Pengeringan buah tomat menggunakan tray dryer dengan bantuan foaming agent tween 80 Irdatus Sholeha; Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lestari; Jihan Nafila Wibowo; Siska Nuri Fadilah; I Made Arimbawa; Maktum Muharja
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 17, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.78931

Abstract

Tomat merupakan buah yang mengandung kadar air cukup tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan proses pembusukan. Menjadikan tomat ke bentuk bubuk melalui proses pengeringan adalah salah satu cara untuk mengawetkan buah tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik serta pengaruh foaming agent tween 80 pada pengeringan buah tomat dengan variasi laju udara fan, waktu dan temperatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengeringan tray dryer. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel laju udara fan 3, 4, 5, 6 m/detik, waktu 30, 40, 50, 60 menit serta suhu 40, 50, 60, 70°C. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju alir udara optimum untuk mengeringkan tomat yang sudah menjadi busa dengan ketebalan 3 mm yaitu 3 m/s. Waktu pengeringan optimum yaitu 50 menit, dimana pada waktu 50 menit tersebut telah tercapai laju pengeringan yang rendah. Suhu pengeringan optimum yaitu 70°C dengan kecepatan pengeringan 0,005 gram/detik dan moisture content basis kering sebesar 0,06. Dengan demikian, metode ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengeringan tomat secara efisien.
Pengeringan buah tomat menggunakan tray dryer dengan bantuan foaming agent tween 80 Irdatus Sholeha; Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lestari; Jihan Nafila Wibowo; Siska Nuri Fadilah; I Made Arimbawa; Maktum Muharja
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 17, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.78931

Abstract

Tomat merupakan buah yang mengandung kadar air cukup tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan proses pembusukan. Menjadikan tomat ke bentuk bubuk melalui proses pengeringan adalah salah satu cara untuk mengawetkan buah tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik serta pengaruh foaming agent tween 80 pada pengeringan buah tomat dengan variasi laju udara fan, waktu dan temperatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengeringan tray dryer. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel laju udara fan 3, 4, 5, 6 m/detik, waktu 30, 40, 50, 60 menit serta suhu 40, 50, 60, 70°C. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju alir udara optimum untuk mengeringkan tomat yang sudah menjadi busa dengan ketebalan 3 mm yaitu 3 m/s. Waktu pengeringan optimum yaitu 50 menit, dimana pada waktu 50 menit tersebut telah tercapai laju pengeringan yang rendah. Suhu pengeringan optimum yaitu 70°C dengan kecepatan pengeringan 0,005 gram/detik dan moisture content basis kering sebesar 0,06. Dengan demikian, metode ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengoptimalkan proses pengeringan tomat secara efisien.
Peningkatan Produksi Biobutanol dengan Penambahan Surfaktan pada Fermentasi Ekstraksi dan Hidrolisis Enzimatik Menggunakan Clostridium SaccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4 M. Zikrillah; Husnul Khotimah; Dimas Nur Herdianto; Maktum Muharja
TheJournalish: Social and Government Vol. 4 No. 5 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : CV The Journal Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55314/tsg.v4i5.603

Abstract

Kebutuhan energi baru terbarukan semakin meningkat, biobutanol merupakan energi alternatif yang potensial karena memiliki sifat seperti bensin. Namun, toksisitas dalam produksi biobutanol adalah masalah serius. Penambahan surfaktan diduga dapat mencegah toksisitas dalam produksi biobutanol karena menekan pergerakan mikroba dan meningkatkan kinerja produksi biobutanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan surfaktan terhadap proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi dalam produksi biobutanol. Penelitian ini diawali dengan proses pretreatment, depectination, delignifikasi, hidrolisis enzimatik, dan fermentasi ABE untuk mengubah kulit kakao menjadi produk biobutanol. Penambahan surfaktan Tween 80 dan (PEG 6000) dapat meningkatkan kinerja proses hidrolisis enzimatik serta penambahan surfaktan dapat mendukung proses fermentasi menggunakan bakteri Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. Hidrolisis enzimatik dilakukan dengan sampel pretreatment enzim Selulase ditambahkan variasi 0,1-10; dan 15 FPU/g. Sampel dengan optimum enzyme loading dipilih untuk hidrolisis enzimatik dengan surfaktan nilai pro-analisis Tween 80 dan PEG 6000 dengan konsentrasi 0,025% b/v. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hidrolisis enzimatik menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh konsentrasi gula pereduksi tertinggi bila penambahan surfaktan PEG 6000 adalah sebanyak 0,025% b/v adalah 9,24 g/L. Penambahan Tween 80 Surfaktant meningkatkan kinerja produksi biobutanol sebesar 26,535 g/L. Oleh karena itu, terbukti penambahan surfaktan dalam proses hidrolisis enzimatik dan fermentasi ABE dapat meningkatkan produksi biobutanol sebagai energi alternatif yang potensial pengganti bensin.
Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Abstract

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
A Performance Study of Home-Made Co-Immobilized Lipase from Mucor miehei in Polyurethane Foam on The Hydrolysis of Coconut Oil to Fatty Acid Dwina Moentamaria; Maktum Muharja; Tri Widjaja; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 2 Year 2019 (August 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.2.3848.391-403

Abstract

Bio‐based fatty acids (FAs) produced through hydrolysis of natural oils and fats are promising chemical feedstocks for increasing  the economic value of renewable raw materials. In this work, lecithin, gelatin, PEG, and MgCl2 were employed as the co-immobilized material of crude lipase Mucor miehei immobilization on the polyurethane foam (PUF) matrix for hydrolysis of coconut oil to Free Fatty Acid (FFA). The unconventional immobilized technique was used through cross-linking and covalent bond. Single factor analysis and response surface method were utilized to determine the optimum conditions of the hydrolysis reaction. After optimization, co-immobilized lipase was examined for storage stability at a temperature of 4°C and reusability performance. The optimum conditions for coconut oil hydrolysis were obtained on the co-immobilized-PUF ratio, water-oil ratio, and reaction time of 20.17 w/w, 4.45 w/w, and 20 h, respectively. Under these conditions, the acid value as lauric acid enhanced 573% to 3.21 mg KOH/g oil. Storage stability attained through remaining activity on free lipase, PUF-lipase, PUF-co-immobilized-lipase were 9.89%, 42.3%, and 91.88%, respectively. In this study, the application of PUF-co-immobilized lipase in hydrolysis reactions can be reused up to 5 times. Characteristics of the addition of co-immobilized lipase have been analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), showing the presence of functional groups binding and the changes in the surface matrix structure. 
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Coconut Husk using Nitrogen-assisted Subcritical Water for Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5337.84-95

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH) as an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia has the potential to be utilized for sugar production, which is the intermediate product of biofuel. In this study, subcritical water (SCW) assisted by nitrogen (N2) was developed to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCH. SCW process was optimized by varying the operation condition: the pressure of 60-100 bar, the temperature of 150-190 °C, and the time of 20-60 min. The SCW-treated solid was subsequently hydrolyzed by utilizing a mixture of commercial cellulase and xylanase enzymes. The result shows that the optimum total sugar yield was obtained under the mild condition of SCW treatment, resulting in the sugar of 15.67 % and 10.31 % gained after SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis process, respectively. SEM and FTIR analysis of SCW-treated solid exhibited the deformation of lignin and solubilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, while XRD and TGA revealed an increase of the amount of crystalline part in the solid residue. The use of N2 in SCW treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis in this study suggested that the method can be considered economically for biofuel production from CCH waste in commercial scale. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Co-Authors Abdul Halim Achmad Chumaidi, Achmad Achri Isnan Khamil Adelia Rosalina Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lestari Agra Bachtiar Andika Prastika Ari Susanti Arief Widjaja Arshy, David Permana Aswie, Viqhi Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Ayu Salsabila, Putri Badril Azhar Batuthoh, M. Wildan Ibnu Bekti Palupi Bima Suci, Syeikh Maulana Boy Arief Fachri Bramantyo Airlangga Candra Wijaya, Candra Diana Fitriati Difka Augustina Diana Sari Dimas Nur Herdianto Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri Doty Dewi Risanti Dwina Moentamaria Dyah Ayu Savitri Dyah Sawitri Dyah Sawitri Fadilah, Siska Nuri Felix Arie Setiawan Filial Ahliana Rahmaniyah Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Hakiki, Rizki Maulana Hanggara Sudrajat Hanny F. Sangian Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Helgananta Adirya Sabian Heni Pujiastuti Hesti Lipuring Tyas Hidayatullah Hidayatullah Husnul Khotimah I Made Arimbawa I Made Arimbawa I Made Arimbawa Ilham Alamsah Ilham Alamsyah Indrayani, Lilin Irdatus Sholeha Irfan Albana Irfin, Zakijah Istiqomah Rahmawati Jayyid Zuhdan Jihan Nafila Wibowo Karima, Nur Kenji Sakai KENJI SONOMOTO Kenji Sonomoto Khamil, Achri Isnan Khotimah , Husnul Lestari, Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lieke Riadi Lizda Johar Mawarani M. Zikrillah Maharani, Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Mahfud Mahfud Meta Fitri Rizkiana Ming Gao Mohammad Abdul Aziz Fajar Mohammad Nashir Idham Kholid Mohammad Nazarudin Ali Muhammad Rizalluddin Mutiara Rengganis Nurul Putri Azhari Nailufhar , Lili Niki Etruly Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nugroho, Imam Wahyu Beny Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Fadhilah Nur Karima Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Ramadana, Ifan Ramadhani, Salsabila Amania Rekha Aliyya Isma Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Ruri Agung Wahyuono Salsabila, Putri Ayu Sangadji, Ningsi Lick Shofia Khoirunissa, Dita Sholeha, Irdatus Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Siska Nuri Fadilah Sjarief Widjaja Susilowati Susilowati Tantular Nurtono Tao Zhao Tri Dwinanda Nursoliha Tri Widjaja Tyas , Hesti Lipuring Wardani, Salza Belila Kusuma Wibowo, Jihan Nafila Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yolanda Putri, Ditta Kharisma Yukihiro Tashiro Zakia Ainun Salsabila Zikrillah, M. Zuhriah Mumtazah