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All Journal Computatio : Journal of Computer Science and Information Systems JIKO (Jurnal Informatika dan Komputer) JUTIK : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) Jurnal Teknik Informatika UNIKA Santo Thomas JUTIM (Jurnal Teknik Informatika Musirawas) Kurawal - Jurnal Teknologi, Informasi dan Industri Progresif: Jurnal Ilmiah Komputer Jurnal Ilmiah Betrik : Besemah Teknologi Informasi dan Komputer Teknomatika (Jurnal Teknologi dan Informatika) Syntax: Journal of Software Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informatika Bulletin of Information Technology (BIT) Jurnal Teknik Informatika Unika Santo Thomas (JTIUST) Algoritme Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika Informatics and Enginering Dedication Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Arcitech: Journal of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence DEVICE : JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM, COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Insand Comtech : Information Science and Computer Technology Journal Buletin Ilmiah Informatika Teknologi JOINTECOMS (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science) MDP Student Conference Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Software Development Digital Business Intelligence and Computer Engineering Journal Information & Computer (JICOM) Jurnal Software Engineering and Computational Intelligence Computing Insight: Journal of Computer Science Applied Information Technology and Computer Science (AICOMS) JISCOMP (Journal of Information System and Computer) Journal of Informatics and Computer Engineering Research INOVTEK Polbeng - Seri Informatika JuTISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi)
Hafiz Irsyad
Universitas Multi Data Palembang
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Journal : journal of embedded systems security and intelligent systems

 1 
Analysis of Optimal Epoch Selection for YOLO26 Model in Detecting Graves and Free Slots Using UAV Photogrammetry Hafiz Irsyad; Muhammad Rizky Pribadi; Dedy Hermanto; Dina Lestari Putri
Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Vol 7 No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/jessi.v7i2.11573

Abstract

Purpose – This study investigates the optimal number of training epochs for the YOLO26 model in detecting graves and free burial slots from UAV photogrammetry imagery, with particular attention to model convergence, generalization, and detection performance. Design/methods/approach – A publicly available cemetery dataset containing two object classes, namely graves and free burial slots, was preprocessed using auto-orientation, 2×2 tiling, resizing to 640 × 640 pixels, grayscale conversion, and data augmentation. The YOLO26 model was trained using transfer learning under six epoch configurations: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 epochs. Performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, mAP@50, mAP@50–95, confusion matrices, and training and validation loss curves. Findings – Model performance improved substantially as training progressed and began to stabilize after approximately 200 epochs. The highest observed performance occurred at epoch 289, with a precision of 98.78%, recall of 98.26%, F1-score of 99%, mAP@50 of 99.40%, and mAP@50–95 of 90.94%. Although the 300-epoch configuration produced similarly strong results, the additional gains were marginal, indicating diminishing returns after convergence. Research implications/limitations – The findings provide practical guidance for selecting an appropriate training duration in UAV-based cemetery mapping and small-object detection. However, the study relies on a relatively small, single-source dataset, which may limit generalizability across different cemetery layouts, environmental conditions, and UAV imaging configurations. Originality/value – This study provides a domain-specific multi-epoch benchmark for YOLO26 and demonstrates the importance of metric- and convergence-based checkpoint selection rather than relying solely on the maximum predefined number of epochs.
UAV Based Automated Surveillance of Ganoderma boninense in Oil Palm Canopies Using YOLO26 Architecture Muhammad Rizky Pribadi; Hafiz Irsyad; Eka Puji Widiyanto; Muhammad Tri Setianto; Safeti Intan Pratiwi
Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Vol 7 No 3 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/jessi.v7i3.11502

Abstract

Purpose – This study develops and evaluates a UAV-based automated surveillance approach using the YOLO26 architecture to detect visible symptoms associated with Ganoderma boninense infection in oil palm canopies. The study addresses the limitations of conventional manual inspection and multi-stage detection systems by applying a unified single-stage object-detection framework. Design/methods/approach – The model was developed using a publicly available dataset containing 1,133 annotated UAV images of oil palm canopies. Images were preprocessed, augmented, and partitioned using a plantation-block-aware strategy to reduce spatial data leakage. YOLO26s was trained using the Ultralytics framework on an NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, mAP@50, mAP@50–95, confidence-threshold sensitivity analysis, precision–recall curves, and five-fold block-aware cross-validation. Findings – On the independent block-aware test set of 118 images, the model achieved an mAP@50 of 77.14%, mAP@50–95 of 41.98%, precision of 66.03%, and recall of 76.32%. Five-fold block-aware cross-validation produced a mean mAP@50 of 74.12% ± 5.51% and a mean mAP@50–95 of 41.31% ± 4.00%. The relatively high recall indicates that the model can identify most visible infection instances, although its moderate precision shows that false-positive detections remain a practical concern. Research implications/limitations – The findings demonstrate the potential of YOLO26 to support UAV-based oil palm disease surveillance and targeted field inspection. However, the study relies on a single public dataset with inherited annotation procedures, lacks geographically independent external validation, and does not include direct benchmarking on onboard UAV or embedded edge devices. Originality/value – This study provides an early empirical evaluation of YOLO26 for UAV-based detection of visible Ganoderma symptoms in oil palm canopies. Its contribution lies in combining a single-stage detection architecture with plantation-block-aware evaluation, threshold-sensitivity analysis, and cross-validation to provide a more leakage-controlled assessment of model performance.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahman Adi Saputra Adikara Alif Nurrahman Adrian Suparto Agnes Anastasia Putri Ahmad Rizky Akhsani Taqwiym Akhsani Taqwiym Akhsani Taqwiym Akhsani Taqwiym Andreas Andreas Angel Kelly Antony, Felix Arta Tri Narta Arta Tri Narta Aurelia, Reni Busdin, Rusdie Candra candra Chandra Wijaya Chandra, Kelvin William Chandra, Yeremia Agung Christian Bautista Christofer Evan Setiawan Christy, Christy Cindy Meilani Clement, Michael Joy Daniel Wijaya Dedy Hermanto Derry Alamsyah Devella, Siska dewa Dicko David K Dina Lestari Putri Dina Mariana Dwifa_Sophian, Muhammad Agus Earlando Moza Edward Pratama Eka Puji Widiyanto Fareza, Ivan Farisi, Ahmad Farisi, Ahmad Fariz Prasetya Ferdi Jiranda Sinaga Ferdilian, M Lazuardi Fernando Sugianto Putra Franko, Billy Fujianto Graciela, Michelle Hansen, Hansen Hartati, Ery Hartono, Jeremy Allegrato Hendra Nata Niko P Hidayat, Muhammad Syahrizal Hidayat, WIlliam Immanuel Bunawan Ivander Destian Luis Jeason Lie Jendraja Husein Kotan Jennifer Jocelyn Jennifer Velensia Santoti Jeremy Allegrato Hartono Jolyn Lucretia jonathan stanly Jonathan Wijaya Juliana Nasution Kamilah, Nyimas Nisrinaa Kevin kevin Kevin Kevin Kristian Fernando Kurniawan, Calvin Laksana, Jovansa Putra Leonardo Leonardo Lestari, Yehezekiel Gian levid, Jonathan Felix Lin, Jimmi Meiriyama, Meiriyama Michael Gunawan Michael Joy Clement Michael Wijaya michael Wijaya Molavi Arman Muhamad Rizvi Roshan Muhammad Bemby Putra Mansyah Muhammad Ezar Al Rivan Muhammad Ishaq Maulana Muhammad Rizky Pribadi Muhammad Tri Setianto Muhdhor, Umar Narta, Arta Tri Nicholas Edison Novan Wijaya Nur Aisyah Wahyuni Ong, Jesen Patrisius Satria Hendrawan Pribadi, M Rizky Ramanda Md Rayvin Suhartoyo Renaldo, Florence Reynald Dwika Prameswara Rikky, Rikky Rizki Ambarwati RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Russel Wijaya Safeti Intan Pratiwi Samuel Effendi pratama Sanu, Intan Saputra, M Reynaldi Setiawan, Christofer Evan Shela, Shela Silvi Mutia Steven Liem Tanuwijaya, William Taqwiym, Akhsani Taqwiym, Akhsani Taqwiym, Akhsani Tinaliah, Tinaliah Triana Elizabeth, Triana Valen Julyo Armando Davincy Lin Verrino Adityya Virginia, Callista Wati, Retiana Krisna Wati, Risha Ambar Wijang Widhiarso Wijaya, Christian Richie William Tanuwijaya Willyanto, Aldo Wilyanto, Nicholas Wong, Jeovanni Yeremia Agung Chandra Yohannes, Yohannes Yunarto Yunarto, Yunarto