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Uneven Transitions in Container Ship Capacity Across Indo-Pacific Economies (2010–2022): Integrating PCA, ANOVA, and Clustering Evidence Setiawan, Ariyono; Otok, Bambang Widjanarko; Handoko, Wisnu; Hadi, Abdul Razak Abdul; Onn, Choo Wou; Arli, Denni
International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): April 2026 - International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Journal

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Abstract

We examine uneven transitions in container ship capacity (TEU per ship) across five Indo-Pacific economies  China, Singapore, Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia  during 20102022 using an integrated statistical framework that combines ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, GamesHowell post-hoc tests, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and clustering. Results reveal persistent divergence: China and Singapore maintain high-capacity fleets (>10,000 TEU/ship), Australia stabilizes in the mid-tier range (~7,000 TEU/ship), while Indonesia and Vietnam experience rapid but low-level growth (<6,000 TEU/ship). ANOVA confirms significant cross-country differences (F=28.33; p<0.001; 0.65), with Welch ANOVA yielding consistent results under unequal variances (p<0.01). PCA indicates one dominant component (PC199.5%) explaining most variance, forming three readiness clusters: high, medium, and low capacity economies. These patterns suggest that policy inertia, infrastructure bottlenecks, and green transition constraints drive the uneven capacity development. The study contributes by introducing TEU per ship as a cross-national indicator for maritime readiness, linking statistical divergence to SDG targets 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14, and offering empirical guidance for low-carbon fleet transition and port modernization in emerging economies..
Co-Authors Abdul Khair Abima Aunur Rochman Achmad Choiruddin Adeni - Adeni Agus Suharsono Ahsan, Muhammad Akbar, Mhd Furqan Alfasanah, Zulfani Amin Tohari Angga Dwi Mulyanto Anggra Ayu Rucitra, Anggra Ayu Anisa Ramadhan Aqsari, Hasri Wiji Ari Fitriani Arief Wibowo Arief Wibowo Arifah Nur Ngafiyah, Arifah Nur Arli, Denni Asih Kurniasih Lumaela Balami, Abdul Malik Choiruddin, Achmad Cindy Cahyaning Astuti Darwis Darwis Diah Puspito Wulandari Dimas Achmad Fadhila Dukalang, Hendra Ekasari, Nazihah Eko Saputro Eko Saputro Eta Dian Ayu A, Eta Dian Felinda Arumningtyas Fredi Suryadi Fredi Suryadi Ghazali, Muhammad Hadi, Abdul Razak Abdul Handoko, Wisnu Hargandi, Priyanka Harmin Sulitiyaning Titah Harun Al Azies Haryanto, Albertus Eka Putra Hasanah, Silviatul Herlina Jusuf I Nyoman Budiantara Ikacipta Mega Ayuputri Isnawati Iwan Kurniawan Jerry D. T. Purnomo Koesmono, Teman Kurniawan, Muhammad Idham Mahpolah Mahpolah Masnatul Laili Mastari Rizki Fadillah Millatur Rodliyah muhammad mashuri Muhammad Zulfadhli, Muhammad Nathanel, Jeshen Oktavian ningrum, amanda ratna Noer, Lissa Rosdiana Oktiva Dhani Arleina Onn, Choo Wou Pangesti, Riwi Dyah Purhadi Purhadi Rahmawati Erma Standsyah Rakhmah Wahyu Maya Rama Hiola Riza Inayah Sabar Sabar Santi Martini Santi Wulan Purnami Sarmanu, Sarmanu Setiawan, Ariyono Shofi Andari Shofi Andari Sri Harini Sri Haryatmi Subanar . Subanar, . Sugiharto Sh Suharto Suharto Suharto Suharto Suharto Suharto suhartono - Suroto Suroto Suryo Guritno Suryo Guritno Sutikno Sutikno Sutikno Sutikno Wahyuning Pintowati Wati, Nurul Linda Wiwiek Natalya Yoyok Setyo Hadiwidodo