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FACTORS AFFECTING EARLY MARRIAGE AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS: A PATH ANALYSIS EVIDENCE FROM BLORA, CENTRAL JAVA Anggraini, Wella; Pawito, Pawito; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Early marriage is a phenomenon which has been a controversy to this day. The prevalence of early marriage in Indonesia has decreased, namely in 2013 by 24% and decreased by 1% in 2015. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence early marriage in Blora, Central Java, using a path analysis model.Subject and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Blora, Central Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 married women within 5 years was selected by ran­dom sampling. The dependent variable was early marriage. The independent variables were paren­tal income, peer support, society culture, parental support, daughter's status, attitude, subjective norms, perceived control of behavior (PBC), and intention. The data were collected by question­naire analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: The likelihood of early marriage in adolescents increased with strong intention (b= 2.06; 95% CI= 3.00 to 1.13; p <0.001) and low family income (<Rp. 1,650,000) (b= 1.83; CI 95% = 2.68 to 0.98; p<0.001). The likelihood of early marriage was decreased with weak status of girls in families (b= -1.71; 95% CI= -2.61 to -0.80; p<0.001) and strong peer support to not do early marriage (b= -2.08; 95% CI=  -2.98 to -1.19; p<0.001). Early marriage was indirectly affected by attitude through society culture, intention through family support, intention through attitude, intention through perceived behavioral control, and family support through subjective norm.Conclusions: The likelihood of early marriage in adolescents increases with strong intention and low family income. The likelihood of early marriage is decreased by weak status of girls in families and strong peer support to not do early marriage. Early marriage is indirectly affected by society culture, family support, attitude, PBC, and subjective norm.Keywords: early marriage, adolescentsCorrespondence: Wella Anggraini. Masters Program of Public Health Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: wellaanggraini89@gmail.com. Mobile: 081215216795Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(4): 287-297https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.04.05
EFFECT OF CARE SUPPORT TREATMENT AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION AND ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: PATH ANALYSIS EVIDENCE, FROM MALANG EAST JAVA Ayu Pangerti, Fitria Diyah; Pawito, Pawito; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are still a health problem because of the cumulative increase in the population and there is a gap in the need for services to get antiretroviral therapy (ART). Compliance with PLHIV will consume antiretroviral drugs is a form of treatment success by being influenced by several factors encouraging to act, attitudes, intentions, perceptions of behavioral control, and care, support and treatment services (CST). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of CST services and other factors that influence the intention and compliance of ARV therapy, using theory of planned behavior, health belief model, and path analysis.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Malang, East Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 PLWH was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was adherence to ARV treatment. The independent variables were intention, cues to action, attitude, perceived of behavioral control (PBC), and CST service. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Adherence to ARV therapy in PLWH was directly increased by strong intention (b= 3.12; 95% CI= 2.12 to 4.12; p<0.001). CST service was directly increased adherence to ARV therapy, but it was statistically non-significant (b= 0.19; 95% CI= -0.89 to 1.28; p= 0.293). Adherence to ARV therapy was indirectly affected by strong cues to action, positive attitude, and strong PBC.Conclusion: Adherence to ARV therapy in PLWH is directly increased by strong intention. CST service is directly increased adherence to ARV therapy, but it is statistically non-significant. Adherence to ARV therapy is indirectly affected by strong cues to action, positive attitude, and strong PBC.Keywords: compliance, ARV therapy, PLWH, health belief model, theory of planned behavior Correspondence: Fitria Diyah Ayu Pangerti. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, 57126. Email: ayupangerti13@yahoo.com. Mobile: 081332600710Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(4): 298-305 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.04.06
THE EFFECT OF GADGET USE ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT: A PATH ANALYSIS EVIDENCE FROM MELAWI, WEST KALIMANTAN Calorina, Livia; Pawito, Pawito; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Background: The use of gadgets in early childhood can affect the mental and physical deve­lop­ment of children. The Indonesian Pediatric Association (IDAI) estimates that 5-10% of children ex­perience developmental delays. Children's development is influenced by environmental factors, pa­rents, nutritional status, and the use of gadgets. This study aimed to analyze the effect of gadget use on child development in Melawi, West Kalimantan, using path analysis model.Subject and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Melawi, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, from August to September 2019. A total 200 children aged 3 to 5 years old was selected by fixed ex­posure sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were gadget usage, maternal age, maternal education, maternal em­ploy­ment, family income, number of children, and family type. The data were collected by ques­tion­naire. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Result: Child development was directly and positively affected by maternal aged ?20 years old (b= 1.52; 95% CI= -0.29 to 3.35; p= 0.101), high maternal education (b=2.53; 95% CI=1.23 to 3.84; p<0.001), family income ?Rp 2,288,000 (b= 1.38; 95% CI= 0.01 to 2.77; p= 0.049), and core family type (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.43 to 2.80; p= 0.008). Child development was directly and nega­tively affected by gadget use (b= -2.74; 95% CI= -3.99 to -1.49; p<0.001), mother working outside the house (b= -1.98; 95% CI= -3.06 to -0.90; p<0.001), and number of children >2 (b= -2.48; 95% CI= -3.67 to -1.29; p<0.001). Child development was indirectly affected by maternal education and maternal employment.Conclusion: Child development is directly and positively affected by maternal aged ?20 years old, high maternal education, high family income, and core family type. Child development is directly and nega­tively affected by gadget use, mother working outside the house, and number of children >2. Child development is indirectly affected by maternal education and maternal employment.Keywords: gadget use, child development, path analysisCorrespondence: Livia Calorina. Postgraduate of Public Health Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: liviacalorina41@gmail.com. Mobile: 081346595497Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 5(1): 111-120https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.01.12
PEMASARAN SOSIAL IURAN PUBLIK PADA GERAKAN INDONESIA MENGAJAR MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL Susanto, Tri; Pawito, Pawito; ., Sudarmo
Proceeding SENDI_U 2016: SEMINAR NASIONAL MULTI DISIPLIN ILMU DAN CALL FOR PAPERS
Publisher : Proceeding SENDI_U

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Komunikasi pemasaran sosial merupakan strategi pemasaran Intangibility product yang ditujukan untuk memenuhikebutuhan organisasi non-profit untuk memasarkan ide-idenya agar dapat merubah perilaku individu dansekelompok orang. Kampanye sosial dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat daribermacam-macam isu yang dihadapi oleh sebuah negara. Kegiatan kampanye sosial #iuRUN dibaca (I-U-RUN)saya-kamu-lari merupakan salah satu upaya gerakan Indonesia Mengajar dalam melakukan promosi iuran publiksebagai salah satu pilar pendanaan gerakan sosial ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui danmendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi kampanye sosial #iuRUN dengan pendekatan komunikasi pemasaran sosial.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus yang mengambil aktivitas kampanye#iuRUN yang serentak dilakukan di 127 desa, 22 kota besar dan beberapa lokasi di luar negeri yang dilakukan padatanggal 31 Agustus 2014. Data utama diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Temuan penelitianmemberikan gambaran Strategi Komunikasi pemasaran sosial yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia Mengajar padakampanye #iuRUN yang menghubungkan interaksi offline yaitu kegiatan berlari serentak dengan interaksi onlineyaitu media sosial sebagai saluran utama dalam pemasaran sosial yang bertujuan membangun brand awarenessterhadap iuran publik, melalui new media informasi yang berikan lebih luas sehingga diharapkan menjangkausasaran target adopter yang lebih jauh. Target adopter Iuran publik merupakan multiplayer yang tidak hanyamenyumbangkan dana namun juga tenaga dan pemikiran dalam usaha memajukan pendidikan di pelosok IndonesiaKata Kunci: Pemasaran Sosial, Indonesia Mengajar, Media sosial.
Contextual Effect of the Integrated Health Post (Posbindu) and Biopsychosocial Determinants of Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Patients with Hypertension Retnowati, Very; Pawito, Pawito; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 5, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Tertiary prevention of hyper­ten­sion is a preventive effort to make patients with hypertension do not have disabilities and further complications. It also improves the quality of life and makes life longer. The bio­psy­chosocial aspect affects individuals in lear­n­ing, doing, and maintaining certain beha­viors based on social cognitive theory. This stu­dy aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial deter­mi­nants of tertiary preventive behavior among patients with hypertension.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at 25 Integrated Health Posts (Pos­bin­du) in Sragen, Central Java. A sample of 200 hypertensive patients was selected by stratified random sam­pling. The dependent variable was the ter­tiary preventive behavior of hypertension. The in­­de­pendent variables were observational lear­ning, role model, imitation, vicarious learning, rein­forcement, self-efficacy, self-regulation, out­­­­­come expectation, and attitude. The data were collected by ques­tion­naire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logis­tic regression.Results: Hypertension preventive behavior in­crea­sed with observational learning (b= 2.85; 95% CI= 0.17 to 5.53; p= 0.037), role model (b= 2.73; 95% CI =0.73 to 4.73; p=0.007), imi­tation (b= 3.46 ; 95% CI= 0.73 to 6.19; p= 0.013), vica­­rious learning (b= 2.54; 95% CI =0.16 to 4.93; p= 0.036), reinforcement (b= 3.89; 95% CI= 0.96 to 6.82; p= 0.009), self-efficacy (b= 3.04; 95% CI= 0.41 to 5.67; p= 0.024), self-re­gu­­­­lation (b= 2.28; 95% CI= 0.02 to 4.54; p= 0.048), outcome expectation (b= 3.56; 95% CI= 0.75 to 6.38; p= 0.013), and a positive attitude (b= 2.86; 95% CI= 0.26 to 5.47; p= 0.031). Posbindu had a contextual effect on ter­tiary preventive behavior of hypertension with an Intra Class Correlation (ICC) value of 63.05%.Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior of hypertension increases with high observational learning, strong role model, strong imitation, high vicarious learning, strong reinforcement, high self-eff­icacy, high self-regulation, positive outcome expec­­­­tation, and positive attitude. Posbindu has a contextual effect on tertiary preventive behavior of hyper­ten­sion.Keywords: tertiary prevention, hypertension, social cognitive theory, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Very Retnowati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Suta­mi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: veryretnowati@gmail.com. Mobile: +628154­8­5­92491.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(03): 174-186https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.03.04 
Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice using Social Cognitive Theory Constructs: A Multilevel Evidence from Madiun, East Java Syahputri, Rezyana Budi; Pawito, Pawito; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 5, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age is the most effective way to ensure the health and the viability of the child. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage still does not meet the target due to various factors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness level of health promotion of exclusive breastfeeding program in the integrated health service in Madiun, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an a cross-sectional study conducted in Madiun, East Java, from February to May 2020. A sample of 200 lactating mother who had infants aged 6 to 24 months was selected randomly. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding practice. The independent variables were health promotion program, observational learning, role model, vicarious learning, imitation, attitude, outcome expectation, self regulation, self-efficacy, rein­forcement, and integrated health post contextual. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding practice increased with adequate health pro­motion program (OR= 3.08; 95% CI= 1.06 to 8.94; p= 0.038), high observational learning (OR= 3.86; 95% CI= 1.31 to 11.39; p= 0.014), strong role model (OR= 4.01; 95% CI= 1.12 to 14.29; p= 0.033), vicarious learning (OR= 4.46; 95% CI= 1.34 to 14.82; p= 0.015), strong imitation (OR= 2.74; 95% CI= 1.02 to 7.35; p= 0.045), positive attitude (OR= 3.51; 95% CI= 1.04 to 11.88; p= 0.043), positive outcome expectation (OR= 4.04; 95% CI= 1.32 to 12.38; p= 0.014), strong self-regulation (OR= 2.36; 95% CI= 0.93 to 5.99; p= 0.068), strong self-efficacy (OR= 5.35; 95% CI= 1.81 to 15.77; p= 0.002), and strong reinforce­ment (OR= 3.90; 95% CI= 1.21 to 12.57; p= 0.022). There was a contextual effect of inte­grated health post on exclusive breastfeeding practice with intraclass correlation (ICC)= 10.97%.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding practice is affected by health promotion program, obser­vational learning, role model, vicarious learning, imitation, attitude, outcome expectation, self regulation, self-efficacy, and reinforcement. Integrated health post has a contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding practice.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, health promotion, social cognitive theory.Correspondence: Rezyana Budi Syahputri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: rezyanabs@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282325750134.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(03): 169-173https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.03.03
Application of Social Cognitive Theory: Tertiary Prevention Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ponorogo Hospital, East Java, Indonesia Yuliana, Nur Aida; Pawito, Pawito; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 5, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-com­municable disease that becomes a serious threat to global health. This disease is a serious chronic disease because it cannot be cured. An increasing number of cases of non-communicable diseases that are associated with risk factors are in line with lifestyle changes that increasingly mo­dern. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the variables in Social Cognitive Theory on ter­tiary prevention behavior in patients with type 2 Dia­betes Mellitus.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sec­tio­nal study design. This study was conducted on pa­tients with type 2 DM in the hospital in Po­no­rogo Regency, East Java, from January to Feb­ruary 2020. There were 200 patients with type 2 DM as the sample of the study. The sample was taken by random sampling. The dependent vari­able was Tertiary prevention behavior of type 2 DM. The independent variables were obser­va­tio­nal learning, role model, vicarious experience, imi­tation, attitude, outcome expectations, know­led­ge, reinforcement, self-efficacy, and self-mana­ge­ment. The data were collected through a set of ques­tionnaires. The data were analyzed based on Path Analysis using stata 13 application.Results: Tertiary prevention behavior of type 2 DM was directly increased by strong imi­tation (b= 1.40; 95% CI= 0.51 to 2.28; p= 0.002), good knowledge (b= 1.36; 95% CI= 0.48 to 2.25; p= 0.002), positive attitude (b= 1.32; 95% CI­= 0.44 to 2.19; p= 0.003), strong self-efficacy (b= ­1.­07; 95% CI= 0.18 to 1.96; p= 0.018), and good self-management (b= 2.26; 95% CI= 1.31 to 3.22; p <0.001). Ter­tiary prevention behavior of type 2 DM was in­directly affected by observational learning, role model, vicarious experience, outcome expectation, and reinforce­ment.Conclusion: Tertiary prevention behavior of type 2 DM is directly increased by strong imi­tation, good knowledge, positive attitude, strong self-efficacy, and good self-management. Ter­tiary prevention behavior of type 2 DM is in­directly affected by observational learning, role model, vicarious experience, outcome expectation, and reinforce­ment.Keywords: social cognitive theory, type 2 Dia­be­tes Mellitus.Correspondence: Nur Aida Yuliana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Aidayuliana17@gmail.com.Mobile: +628-5790767582.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 5(1): 157-168https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.03.02
Multilevel Analysis of the Biopsychosocial Determinants and Contextual Peer Groups on Smoking Habit in High School Students in East Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia Sulistyani, Retno; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Pawito, Pawito
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Smoking is still one of the great­est public health threats faced by citizens of the world. Data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2018 shows that smoking behavior in Lampung Province has a prevalence of 35.95%. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that smoking kills more than 8 million people per year worldwide. This study aimed to ana­lyze the determinants of adolescent smoking beha­vior at the individual level and at the school level.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sec­tional study conducted in East Lampung Re­gency, Indonesia, from October to November 2020. A number of 200 male adolescents were selected by random sampling. The dependent variable was smoking behavior. The  indepen­dent variables were the influence of parents, peers, media exposure, pocket money, cigarette price, intention, attitude, and contextual effect of school. The data were collected by question­naire and analyzed using a multiple multilevel logistic regression with Stata 13.Results: The influence of family (b=2.88; 95% CI= 0.73 to 3.85; p= 0.004), peers (b= 2.85; 95% CI= 0.65 to 3.52; p= 0.004), media expo­sure (b= 3.04; 95% CI= 0.78 to 3.62; p= 0.002), money pocket (b= 3.22; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.59; p= 0.001), cigarette price (b= 2.73; 95% CI= 0.54 to 3.28; p= 0.006), intention to smoke (b= 2.80; 95% CI= 0.69 to 3.95; p= 0.005), attitude toward smoking (b=3.83; 95% CI= 1.80 to 5.58; p<0.001) increased the likeli­hood to smoke in male adolescents. School had strong contextual effect on smoking in adoles­cents with ICC= 21.83%.Conclusion: The influence of family, peers, media exposure, money pocket, cigarette price, intention to smoke, attitude toward smoking increase the likelihood to smoke in male adolescents. School has strong contextual effect on smoking in adolescentsKeywords: smoking behavior, adolescents, contextual effect of schoolCorrespondence: Retno Sulistiani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: retnosulistiani91@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285867006699.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(01): 9-20https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.06.01.02 
Covid-19 and journalism conundrums: a study on dilemmas in content selection Sushmita, Chelin Indra; Pawito, Pawito; Rahmanto, Andre Novie
Jurnal Studi Komunikasi Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Communications Science, Dr. Soetomo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/jsk.v5i2.2878

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The study examined journalism practices covering Coronavirus disease (Covid-19), particularly online journalism in Solo, one of the metropolitan cities in Central Java Province of Indonesia. Solo is the first city in Indonesia to declare an extraordinary event due to the Covid-19 pandemic after coronavirus-linked deaths were reported. The notion of a dilemmatic situation, mainly in content selection, is the central perspective in this research. This research referred to news value theory and agenda-setting that used a qualitative approach method. The data were obtained through interviews with 20 journalists of online media in Solo. We also included non-participatory observation in the Solopos.com newsroom. The study suggests that, to some extent, journalists face a dilemma in choosing content to present news that concerns the public interest during the Covid-19 pandemic. The dilemma included determining interesting issues, attracting the public interest, and becoming meaningful to the readers, but not to endanger the personal safety and maintain professional sustainability because there is no news worthy of a life.
The News Coverage of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) ban in Indonesian Print Media Alkhajar, Eka Nada Shofa; Wijaya, Sri Herwindya Baskara; Pawito, Pawito; Arifin, Hamid; Yudiningrum, Firdastin Ruthnia
WAHANA Vol 73 No 2 (2021): Wahana
Publisher : LPPM Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/wahana.v73i2.4538

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In late 2020, the Indonesian government has decided to ban the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and its activities. The ban was based on a joint decree (SKB) issued by six officials, i.e.: Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Legal Affairs and Human Rights. Minister of Communications and Informatics, Attorney General, Indonesian National Police Chief, and National Counterterrorism Agency Head. The ban has caught the attention of Indonesian people, including being the subject of news in various media, i.e.: print, electronic and online. This research aims to examine the news coverage of the FPI ban in the selected Indonesian print media. This research used the qualitative content analysis method. The results found that there were some differences between the selected Indonesian print media in their news coverage practices.